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  1. Collateral constraints, tranching, and price bases
    Erschienen: April 6, 2021
    Verlag:  Williams College : Economics, Williamstown, MA, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: Williams College Economics Department working paper series ; 2021, 07
    Schlagworte: Collateral; securitized markets; cash-synthetic basis; credit default swaps; assetprices; credit spreads
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
    financial sector assessment program : detailed assessment of observance : HKFE clearing corporation limited (HKCC) principles for financial market infrastructures
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited (HKCC) observes the CPSS/IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMI). It has a sound, coherent and transparent legal basis. As an integral part of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited... mehr

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    The HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited (HKCC) observes the CPSS/IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMI). It has a sound, coherent and transparent legal basis. As an integral part of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX Group), the HKCC has a comprehensive and adequate risk management framework to address financial, business, and operational risks. Participant assets as well as HKCC's collaterals are safely kept in several banks and regulated central securities depositories. The credit and liquidity risks are minimized by having a robust risk management framework, including rigorous stress testing methodology and access to qualifying liquid resources. Furthermore, the HKCC has clear rules and procedures to handle and manage a participant's default procedures. Moreover, the HKCC has established risk management framework to handle operational risk, including cyber risk, and business continuity management that addresses events posing significant risk of operational disruption

     

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    ISBN: 9781513585673
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF country reports ; 21, 122
    Schlagworte: Hong Kong exchange fund bill; People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region FSAP; Hong Kong securities market; HKCC rule; derivatives Clearing; HKCC Participants; Collateral; Credit risk; Liquidity risk; Operational risk; Currencies; Global; International Agreements; International Organizations; Monetary Policy; Observance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 130 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Bank as a venture capitalist
    Autor*in: Rishabh, Kumar
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  Universität Basel, Faculty of Business and Economics, Basel, Switzerland

    Green innovation is a key element in fighting climate change. But there are several challenges that need to be addressed in managing a green technology transition, both in terms of interacting market failures (environmental externality, public good... mehr

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    Green innovation is a key element in fighting climate change. But there are several challenges that need to be addressed in managing a green technology transition, both in terms of interacting market failures (environmental externality, public good nature of innovation, strategic behaviour of incumbents protecting an emission-intensive technology) and as the structure of the technology market (whether the new technology is offered by a monopolistic incumbent or whether there is some competition induced by market entrants) will evolve throughout the transition. In this paper, we investigate the question what constitutes the optimal policy at different stages of the technology transition and for different market structures. We first analyse a policy mix that can implement a first-best outcome. We show that this mix will differ between different market settings and for different stages of the technology transition. Second, we investigate the choice between a push policy (subsidy for the new technology) and a pull strategy (tax on the old technology) and show that throughout the transition, the policy should be switched, often even more than once. Overall, our results indicate that managing a green technology transition requires a sequence of different policies attuned to the state of the transition and that this sequence differs substantially for different cases, for example, different levels of environmental damage or different cost advantages of the incumbent over entrants.Banks all over the world show interest in acting as venture capitalists. In this paper, I argue that banks offer venture capital (VC) financing along with traditional (collateralized) loans in response to the natural constraints of the hidden information that they face. Innovative entrepreneurs pursue new technology that promises high return but runs a high risk of failure. The more innovative entrepreneurs also have higher reservation utility. This interaction between type-dependent returns and reservation utility creates a situation where collateral alone is not sufficient to screen entrepreneurs, and the uninformed bank needs an additional screening device. VC fulfils that role.

     

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261062
    Schriftenreihe: WWZ working paper ; 2021, 09
    Schlagworte: Bank; Venture Capital; Collateral; Debt; Screening
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. How to assess the benefits of nonperforming loan disposal in Sub-Saharan Africa using a simple analytical framework
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, African Department, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which has hit financial systems across Africa, is likely to deteriorate banks' balance sheets. The largest threat to banks pertains to their loan portfolios, since many borrowers have faced a sharp collapse in their... mehr

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    The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which has hit financial systems across Africa, is likely to deteriorate banks' balance sheets. The largest threat to banks pertains to their loan portfolios, since many borrowers have faced a sharp collapse in their income, and therefore have difficulty repaying their obligations as they come due. This could lead to a sharp increase in nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the short to medium term

     

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    Schriftenreihe: How to notes ; note 21, 06
    Schlagworte: Nonperforming loan disposal; Excel template; disposal strategy; raise capital requirement; loan portfolio; management cost; Nonperforming loans; Loans; Distressed assets; Financial statements; Collateral; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Banks; Depository Institutions; Foreign Exchange; Informal Economy; Underground Econom
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The pitfalls of pledgeable cash flows
    soft budget constraints, zombie lending and under-investment
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Warwick, Department of Economics, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Warwick economics research papers ; no: 1327 (January 2021)
    Schlagworte: Pledgeability; Investment efficiency; Softbudgetconstraint; Asymmetric information; Collateral; Zombielending; Under-investment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Liquidation value and loan pricing
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We show that the liquidation value of collateral depends on who is pledging it. We employ transaction-level data on overnight repurchase agreements (repo) and loan-level credit registry data on corporate loans. We find that borrowers on the repo... mehr

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    We show that the liquidation value of collateral depends on who is pledging it. We employ transaction-level data on overnight repurchase agreements (repo) and loan-level credit registry data on corporate loans. We find that borrowers on the repo market pay a 2.6 basis points rate premium when their default risk is positively correlated with the risk of the collateral that they pledge. The premium in corporate loan markets amounts to 25 basis points. Our results imply that liquidation value contains a component at the borrower-collateral level, and that lenders monitor and price-in the interdependency between borrower and collateral risk.

     

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    ISBN: 9789289949781
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    hdl: 10419/261179
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2645 (February 2022)
    Schlagworte: Collateral; Money markets; Corporate loans; Wrong-way risk; LGD
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Collateral and asymmetric information in lending markets
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Banking Research, The Business School (formerly Cass), City, University of London, [London]

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    Schriftenreihe: Centre for Banking Research working paper series ; WP 21, 03
    Schlagworte: Asymmetric information; Structural estimation; Credit markets; Collateral
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The puzzle of sovereign debt collateral
    big data and the first age of financial globalization
    Erschienen: 06 May 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17286
    Schlagworte: Collateral; Information; Sovereign debt; Property rights; financial innovation; LegalEngineering; state capacity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Dynamic asset-backed security design
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  [LSE Financial Markets Group], [London]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [Financial Markets Group] ; no 856
    Paul Woolley Centre working paper ; no 86
    Schlagworte: Liquidity; Dynamic Price Feedback; Tradable Assets; Inter-temporal Coordination; Security Design; Multiple Equilibria; Self-fulfilling Prices; Financial Fragility; Haircut; Repo; Repo Runs; Credit Crunch; Asset-Backed Security; Collateral; Limited Commitment; Adverse Selection; Market-Based Financial Intermediation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, Illustrationen
  10. Collateral requirements in central bank lending
    Autor*in: Du, Chuan
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  Bank of England, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of England ; no. 987
    Schlagworte: Collateral; leverage; credit conditions; monetary policy; general equilibrium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Macroeconomic effects of collateral requirements and financial shocks
    Autor*in: Kharazi, Aicha
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  unibz, Faculty of Economics and Management, [Bozen]

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    Schriftenreihe: BEMPS ; no 93 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Business Loan; Collateral; Financial Shocks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Collateral choice
    Erschienen: June 9, 2022
    Verlag:  School of Finance, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers on finance / School of Finance, University of St. Gallen ; no. 2022, 03
    Schlagworte: Collateral; Repo; Bond Market; On-the-run; Liquidity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Patent collateral and access to debt
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    We investigate how intangible capital in form of intellectual property, such as patents, might mitigate financing constraints. While scholars have already argued that patents might have a signalling value reducing information asymmetries between... mehr

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    We investigate how intangible capital in form of intellectual property, such as patents, might mitigate financing constraints. While scholars have already argued that patents might have a signalling value reducing information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders, we quantify the value of using patents as collateral with regard to capital access. Although this mechanism of patents in financing further R&D is not new, we are the first to provide a treatment effects study of patent collateral and access to capital. We make use of mandatory collateral registry data in Sweden and the Netherlands to construct panels combining firm-level financial data and patent measures. Estimating conditional difference-in-difference regressions on firms' debt allows deducting treatment effects of using patents as collateral. We find that patent pledging enables Swedish (Dutch) firms to borrow about 21% (26%) more than in the counterfactual situation in which no patents would have been used as collateral. We also find that the collateral value of patents is higher than their signalling value, and a back-of-the-envelope scenario calculation shows that Dutch (Swedish) firms could raise more than € 7 (€ 10) billion additional debt capital if the complete patent portfolios would be pledged, all else constant.

     

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    hdl: 10419/263250
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: August 3, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 22, 033 (08/2022)
    Schlagworte: Financing Constraints; Collateral; Intangible Assets; Patents; Treatment Effects Estimation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Patent collateral and access to debt
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business, Dept. of Management, Strategy and Innovation (MSI), Leuven, Belgium

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    Schriftenreihe: MSI discussion paper ; no. 22, 04
    Schlagworte: Financing Constraints; Collateral; Intangible Assets; Patents; Treatment Effects Estimation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The design of a central counterparty
    Erschienen: 17 November 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17679
    Schlagworte: Collateral; Monitoring
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. LOLR policies, banks' borrowing capacities and funding structures
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We investigate banks' benefits and costs of having access to LOLR. Integrating novel data sets we estimate the borrowing capacities of euro area banks at the ECB. Controlling for ratings, we find that banks with more fragile funding are likely to... mehr

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    We investigate banks' benefits and costs of having access to LOLR. Integrating novel data sets we estimate the borrowing capacities of euro area banks at the ECB. Controlling for ratings, we find that banks with more fragile funding are likely to borrow more from the ECB during the great financial and euro area sovereign debt crises. We develop a dynamic model of a bank and calibrate it to our empirical estimates. A bank with access to LOLR has higher equity value and makes larger investments in new loans, but it is more leveraged, pays more dividends and issues less equity.

     

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    ISBN: 9789289953863
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/269145
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2738 (October 2022)
    Schlagworte: LOLR; Collateral; Haircut; Borrowing Capacity; Liquidity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Republic of Belarus
    technical assistance report : asset classification and nonperforming loan regulation
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The NBRB revised in 2018 its regulation on asset classification and provisioning (the Regulation). One of the main changes was the introduction of a new definition for NPLs based on the current framework of risk groups (RGs). This definition... mehr

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    The NBRB revised in 2018 its regulation on asset classification and provisioning (the Regulation). One of the main changes was the introduction of a new definition for NPLs based on the current framework of risk groups (RGs). This definition substitutes the previous term 'problem assets.' One of the intentions of the replacement is to promote international comparability by using it as a financial soundness indicator (FSI). The reported levels of this new NPLs indicator are, however, relatively low and, more important, much lower than the previous indicator, based on problem assets. The new NPL indicator levels are relatively stable, around 4 percent. The previous indicator was also stable, but the levels were more than three times higher, about 13 percent

     

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    ISBN: 9781513577005
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF country reports ; 21, 78
    Schlagworte: BCBS guideline; IMF Monetary; asset CLASSIFICATION; NONPERFORMING loan regulation; forbearance Classification; E. upgrading NPL; Nonperforming loans; Collateral; Credit risk; Global; International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations; Monetary Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Does it help?
    information technology in banking and entrepreneurship
    Erschienen: 29 May 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17335
    Schlagworte: technology in banking; entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Collateral; screening
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa Seiten)
  19. People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
    financial sector assessment program : detailed assessment of observance : HKFE clearing corporation limited (HKCC) principles for financial market infrastructures
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited (HKCC) observes the CPSS/IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMI). It has a sound, coherent and transparent legal basis. As an integral part of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited... mehr

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    The HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited (HKCC) observes the CPSS/IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMI). It has a sound, coherent and transparent legal basis. As an integral part of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX Group), the HKCC has a comprehensive and adequate risk management framework to address financial, business, and operational risks. Participant assets as well as HKCC's collaterals are safely kept in several banks and regulated central securities depositories. The credit and liquidity risks are minimized by having a robust risk management framework, including rigorous stress testing methodology and access to qualifying liquid resources. Furthermore, the HKCC has clear rules and procedures to handle and manage a participant's default procedures. Moreover, the HKCC has established risk management framework to handle operational risk, including cyber risk, and business continuity management that addresses events posing significant risk of operational disruption

     

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    ISBN: 9781513585673
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF country reports ; 21, 122
    Schlagworte: Hong Kong exchange fund bill; People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region FSAP; Hong Kong securities market; HKCC rule; derivatives Clearing; HKCC Participants; Collateral; Credit risk; Liquidity risk; Operational risk; Currencies; Global; International Agreements; International Organizations; Monetary Policy; Observance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 130 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Republic of Belarus
    technical assistance report : asset classification and nonperforming loan regulation
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The NBRB revised in 2018 its regulation on asset classification and provisioning (the Regulation). One of the main changes was the introduction of a new definition for NPLs based on the current framework of risk groups (RGs). This definition... mehr

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    The NBRB revised in 2018 its regulation on asset classification and provisioning (the Regulation). One of the main changes was the introduction of a new definition for NPLs based on the current framework of risk groups (RGs). This definition substitutes the previous term 'problem assets.' One of the intentions of the replacement is to promote international comparability by using it as a financial soundness indicator (FSI). The reported levels of this new NPLs indicator are, however, relatively low and, more important, much lower than the previous indicator, based on problem assets. The new NPL indicator levels are relatively stable, around 4 percent. The previous indicator was also stable, but the levels were more than three times higher, about 13 percent

     

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    ISBN: 9781513577005
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF country reports ; 21, 78
    Schlagworte: BCBS guideline; IMF Monetary; asset CLASSIFICATION; NONPERFORMING loan regulation; forbearance Classification; E. upgrading NPL; Nonperforming loans; Collateral; Credit risk; Global; International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations; Monetary Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. How to assess the benefits of nonperforming loan disposal in Sub-Saharan Africa using a simple analytical framework
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, African Department, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

    The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which has hit financial systems across Africa, is likely to deteriorate banks' balance sheets. The largest threat to banks pertains to their loan portfolios, since many borrowers have faced a sharp collapse in their... mehr

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    The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which has hit financial systems across Africa, is likely to deteriorate banks' balance sheets. The largest threat to banks pertains to their loan portfolios, since many borrowers have faced a sharp collapse in their income, and therefore have difficulty repaying their obligations as they come due. This could lead to a sharp increase in nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the short to medium term

     

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    Schriftenreihe: How to notes ; note 21, 06
    Schlagworte: Nonperforming loan disposal; Excel template; disposal strategy; raise capital requirement; loan portfolio; management cost; Nonperforming loans; Loans; Distressed assets; Financial statements; Collateral; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Banks; Depository Institutions; Foreign Exchange; Informal Economy; Underground Econom
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Stress testing with multi-faceted liquidity
    the central bank collateral framework as a financial stability tool
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The paper studies the central bank collateral framework and its impact on banks' liquidity under an adverse stress test scenario. We construct a stress test model that accounts for a granular and multi-faceted representation of the liquidity of... mehr

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    The paper studies the central bank collateral framework and its impact on banks' liquidity under an adverse stress test scenario. We construct a stress test model that accounts for a granular and multi-faceted representation of the liquidity of marketable and non-marketable assets. In particular, the model analyses banks' strategic decisions to mobilise assets through four funding channels: unsecured loans, asset sales, private repurchase agreements, or Central Bank lending. We test three scenarios: the EBA regulatory stress test exercise, a shock to Russia and the Eastern European countries, and a shock to the Southern European countries. Results show that illiquidity can trigger insolvency and that liquidity adjustment can last significantly after the initial shock. We find evidence of a threshold in the benefits of expanding the collateral framework and highlight the heterogeneous effects across different jurisdictions and financial institutions. We find that bank equity losses are reduced in aggregate up to 17% at the tail of the loss distribution and on average by around 5% when financial institutions can rely on the collateral framework channel.

     

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    ISBN: 9789289960779
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278578
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2814
    Schlagworte: Central Bank Collateral Framework; Lender-Of-Last Resort; Asset liquidity; Collateral; Stress tes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Macroprudential margins
    a new countercyclical tool?
    Erschienen: November 2018
    Verlag:  Bank of England, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of England ; no. 765
    Schlagworte: Collateral; derivatives; externality; fire sales; macroprudential policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. International liquidity
    Erschienen: [2017]
    Verlag:  [London School of Economics and Political Science], [London]

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    Schriftenreihe: LSE Financial Markets Group paper series ; 247
    Schlagworte: Collateral; Financial market liquidity; funding liquidity; global financial cycle; international financial stability; international payments; international safe assets; liquidity hoarding; money supply; Unconventional Monetary Policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Collateral booms and information depletion
    Erschienen: (November 2018)
    Verlag:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This versión: January 2019
    Schriftenreihe: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 1064
    Schlagworte: Credit Booms; Collateral; Information Production; Crises; Bubbles; Misallocation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen