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  1. The productivity puzzle
    a critical assessment and an outlook on the COVID-19 crisis
    Autor*in: Roth, Felix
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Hamburg, Chair of International Economics, Hamburg

    This paper assesses the productivity puzzle critically and gives an outlook on the COVID-19 crisis. It offers two main conclusions. First, it posits that a large fraction of the productivity puzzle can be solved by incorporating intangible capital... mehr

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    This paper assesses the productivity puzzle critically and gives an outlook on the COVID-19 crisis. It offers two main conclusions. First, it posits that a large fraction of the productivity puzzle can be solved by incorporating intangible capital into the asset boundary of the national accounts. Thus, the productivity puzzle is largely explained as a consequence of fundamental structural changes that are underway, transforming industrial economies into knowledge economies. Secondly, the contribution foresees a post-COVID-19 scenario that will likely lead to a pronounced increase in labour productivity growth. This depends, however, on whether the current push for digitization will be backed by actual investments into digitization and the necessary complementary investments in (business and public) intangible capital.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231749
    Schriftenreihe: Hamburg discussion papers in international economics ; no. 8
    Schlagworte: productivity puzzle; intangible capital; labour productivity growth; structural change; COVID-19 crisis; re-measurement of GDP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Design and take up of Austria's Coronavirus short time work model
    Autor*in: Tamesberger, Dennis; Theurl, Simon
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz

    Short-time work was frequently used in the EU during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize crisis-related layoffs. This paper focuses on the short-time work (STW) scheme in Austria by exploring the characteristic features of the Austrian Coronavirus STW... mehr

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    Short-time work was frequently used in the EU during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize crisis-related layoffs. This paper focuses on the short-time work (STW) scheme in Austria by exploring the characteristic features of the Austrian Coronavirus STW model and examining how it was utilized. We first give a historical overview of how STW developed in Austria before focusing specifically on the country's STW scheme - one of the most generous among the EU27 - during the course of the coronavirus pandemic. By analyzing relevant data, we identified three key periods in which STW was reformed and slightly modified. We also aim to show how STW take-up rates differ according to gender and sector. Moreover, we consider STW payments alongside sectors and are able to identify those sectors that see a greater benefit from STW. We conclude that the pandemic offered learning effects, thus allowing STW to be used more efficiently in the future by employers in times of crisis.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236620
    Schriftenreihe: ICAE working paper series ; no. 127 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 crisis; unemployment; short-time work (STW); labor hoarding; ALMPs
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The Rushin Index: a weekly indicator of Czech economic activity
    Autor*in: Adam, Tomáš; Michálek, Ondřej; Michl, Aleš; Slezáková, Eva
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Czech National Bank, Economic Research Department, Praha

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Czech National Bank ; 2021, 4
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 crisis; economic activity index; high-frequency indicators; nowcasting
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. A full year COVID-19 crisis with interrupted learning and two school closures
    the effects on learning growth and inequality in primary education
    Autor*in: Haelermans, Carla; Jacobs, Madelon; Vugt, Lynn van; Aarts, Bas; Abbink, Henry; Smeets, Chayenne; Velden, Rolf van der; Wetten, Sanne J. L. van
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: ROA research memorandum / Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt ; ROA-RM-2021, 9 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: school closures; COVID-19 crisis; learning growth; inequality; socioeconomicstatus (SES); family situation; Primary Education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Sharp increase in inequality in education in times of the COVID-19-pandemic
    Autor*in: Haelermans, Carla; Korthals, Roxanne; Jacobs, Madelon; Leeuw, Suzanne de; Vermeulen, Stan; Vugt, Lynn van; Aarts, Bas; Prokic-Breuer, Tijana; Velden, Rolf van der; Wetten, Sanne J. L. van; Wolf, Inge de
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: ROA research memorandum / Researchcentrum voor Onderwijs en Arbeidsmarkt ; ROA-RM-2021, 10 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: school closures; COVID-19 crisis; learning growth; inequality; socioeconomicstatus (SES); Primary Education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. A full year COVID-19 crisis with interrupted learning and two school closures
    the effects on learning growth and inequality in primary education
    Autor*in: Haelermans, Carla; Jacobs, Madelon; Vugt, Lynn van; Aarts, Bas; Abbink, Henry; Smeets, Chayenne; Wetten, Sanne J. L. van
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Graduate School of Business and Economics, Maastricht

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    Schriftenreihe: [Research memorandum] / Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE) ; RM/21, 021
    Schlagworte: School Closures; COVID-19 crisis; Learning Growth; Inequality; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Family Situation; Primary Education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Sharp increase in inequality in education in times of the COVID19-pandemic
    Autor*in: Haelermans, Carla; Korthals, Roxanne; Jacobs, Madelon; Leeuw, Suzanne de; Vermeulen, Stan; Vugt, Lynn van; Aarts, Bas; Prokic-Breuer, Tijana; Velden, Rolf van der; Wetten, Sanne J. L. van; Wolf, Inge de
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Graduate School of Business and Economics, Maastricht

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    Schriftenreihe: [Research memorandum] / Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE) ; RM/21, 022
    Schlagworte: school closures; COVID-19 crisis; learning growth; inequality; socioeconomic status (SES); Primary Education
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Resolving mortgage distress after COVID-19
    some lessons from the last crisis
    Autor*in: McCann, Fergal; O'Malley, Terry
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  European Systemic Risk Board, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We analyse micro data on Irish mortgages and distressed households' balance sheets in the last decade to assess the debt resolution process in the Irish mortgage market in the lead up to the COVID-19 shock. We highlight the widespread engagement of... mehr

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    We analyse micro data on Irish mortgages and distressed households' balance sheets in the last decade to assess the debt resolution process in the Irish mortgage market in the lead up to the COVID-19 shock. We highlight the widespread engagement of Irish borrowers with debt resolution mechanisms during a decade in which one sixth of mortgage accounts were restructured by 2016. Lenders favoured short-term mortgage modifications at the beginning of the decade and three-quarters of performing mortgages with short-term modifications in 2011-2012 remained performing at end-2017. However, close to half of these cases involved a subsequent longer-term restructure, consistent with concerns that short-term modification alone is not sufficient to ensure mortgage sustainability. In other cases, an over-reliance on unsustainable short-term arrangements translated into longer-term arrears accumulation. Turning to the financial distress of households seeking a resolution to their arrears, we find an average income fall of roughly one third since mortgage origination and that one third had already reduced their non-housing expenditures to below the recommended minimum level used in the personal insolvency system. Finally, we show that larger cuts in repayment burdens and lower ex-post payment-to-income ratios are both highly predictive of successful long-term restructures.

     
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    ISBN: 9789289946247
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/244273
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ESRB, European Systemic Risk Board, European System of Financial Supervision ; no 121 (June 2021)
    Schlagworte: Mortgage default; COVID-19 crisis; loan moratoria; mortgage modification
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten)
  9. Novel welfare state responses in times of crises
    COVID-19 Crisis vs. the Great Recession
    Autor*in: O'Donoghue, Cathal; Sologon, Denisa M.; Kyzyma, Iryna
    Erschienen: 2021 January
    Verlag:  ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, [Verona]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality ; 573 (2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 crisis; Great Recession; social policy responses; income losses; living standards; microsimulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The evolution from life insurance to financial engineering
    Autor*in: Koijen, Ralph S. J.; Yogo, Motohiro
    Erschienen: 08 July 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16348
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 crisis; Global financial crisis; Life insurance industry; Minimumreturn guarantee; Variable annuity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Trust in the ECB in turbulent times
    Autor*in: Cruijsen, Carin van der; Samarina, Anna
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  De Nederlandsche Bank NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / De Nederlandsche Bank NV ; no. 722 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: European Central Bank; trust; financial knowledge; COVID-19 crisis; inflation expectations; spending decisions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Framing of economic news and policy support during a pandemic
    evidence from an information experiment
    Autor*in: Bareinz, Patrick; Koenings, Fabian
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    We investigate the effect of how news outlets communicate macroeconomic information to consumers on support for governmental policy in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. In our survey experiment based on a representative sample of 3000 individuals... mehr

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    We investigate the effect of how news outlets communicate macroeconomic information to consumers on support for governmental policy in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. In our survey experiment based on a representative sample of 3000 individuals in Germany, respondents are exposed to an expert forecast of GDP growth. Individuals are randomly assigned to either receive no information, the baseline forecast information, or real-world frames of the same information used in newspaper articles on the topic. We find that in contrast to the baseline information, positive framing of forecasted economic growth by news outlets increases support for pandemic policy. This effect is especially pronounced for respondents with more pessimistic macroeconomic expectations. Further evidence suggests that negative economic news are perceived as more credible and hence less surprising in times of recession, not translating into a change in political opinion.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243075
    Schriftenreihe: Jena economic research papers ; # 2021, 004
    Schlagworte: expectation formation; information experiment; media framing; macro economic information; policy support; COVID-19 crisis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. How does the Repo market behave under stress?
    evidence from the COVID-19 crisis
    Autor*in: Hüser, Anne-Caroline; Lepore, Caterina; Veraart, Luitgard A. M.
    Erschienen: Nov 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We examine how the repo market operates during liquidity stress by applying network analysis to novel transaction-level data of the overnight gilt repo market including the COVID-19 crisis. During this crisis, the repo network becomes more connected,... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    We examine how the repo market operates during liquidity stress by applying network analysis to novel transaction-level data of the overnight gilt repo market including the COVID-19 crisis. During this crisis, the repo network becomes more connected, with most institutions relying on existing trade relationships to transact. There are however significant changes in the repo volumes and spreads during the stress relative to normal times. We find a significant increase in volumes traded in the cleared segment of the market. This reflects a preference for dealers and banks to transact in the cleared rather than the bilateral segment. Funding decreases towards non-banks, only increasing for hedge funds. Further, spreads are higher when dealers and banks lend to rather than borrow from non-banks. Our results can inform the policy debate around the behaviour of banks and non-banks in recent liquidity stress and on widening participation in CCPs by nonbanks

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    ISBN: 9781589068452
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/21, 267
    Schlagworte: Repo market; liquidity risk; financial networks; market microstructure; COVID-19 crisis; Banks; Depository Institutions; Financial Crises; Foreign Exchange; Micro Finance Institutions; Network Formation and Analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. La dinámica de los préstamos de consumo en 2020 en Argentina
    una aproximación mediante modelos de corrección de error
    Autor*in: Gómez Aguirre, Maximiliano; Krysa, Ariel
    Erschienen: Enero de 2022
    Verlag:  ie, BCRA, Investigaciones Económicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    With the aim of quantifying the effect of the decrease in interest rates on consumer loans (both credit cards and personal loans, in local currency to the non-financial private sector) in Argentina between March and December 2020, monthly error... mehr

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    With the aim of quantifying the effect of the decrease in interest rates on consumer loans (both credit cards and personal loans, in local currency to the non-financial private sector) in Argentina between March and December 2020, monthly error correction models are estimated, and counterfactual scenarios are developed for each of the credit lines. The sample that is used includes the period 2004-2020 and the determinants are the corresponding interest rates and economic activity measures. As an alternative case, it is assumed that interest rates would have been fixed in 2020 at the values of February that year and/or that the parameters of elasticities that operated in the consumer credit markets were those associated with the pre-COVID-19 context. The counterfactual scenarios implemented within the econometric models suggest that the decline in the interest rate would have cushioned, with different magnitudes throughout 2020, the fall caused by effects of the pandemic both in the credit cards and personal loans real balances.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249243
    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / ie, BCRA, Investigaciones Económicas ; n. 98 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Verbraucherkredit; Revolvierender Kredit; Kreditzins; Coronavirus; Argentinien; consumption credit; COVID-19 crisis; Argentina; credit cards; personal loans
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The short-term effect of the COVID-19 crisis on employment probabilities of labour-market entrants in the Netherlands
    Autor*in: Bussink, Henri; Vervliet, Tobias; Weel, Bas ter
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    This research documents employment opportunities of labour-market entrants during the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands. Two recent cohorts of graduates are studied and compared to two preCOVID-19 cohorts: the 2019 cohort was unexpectedly hit by the... mehr

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    This research documents employment opportunities of labour-market entrants during the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands. Two recent cohorts of graduates are studied and compared to two preCOVID-19 cohorts: the 2019 cohort was unexpectedly hit by the COVID-19 crisis about six months after entering the labour market and the 2020 cohort graduated and entered the labour market in the midst of a lockdown. Our estimation results suggest short-term effects of lockdowns on employment probabilities, specifically for relatively lower educated labour-market entrants. The effects appear to be relatively small in size and seem to fade when the lockdown measures are eased. Men seem to have suffered more than women and some sectors are hit harder than others, which could result in short-run mismatches. Overall the effects appear to be less severe than during an economic recession, which is most likely due to the tight labour market and the strong measures taken by the government to mitigate the labour-market impact of the COVID-19 crisis.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263950
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2022, 030
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 crisis; employment; young workers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Macroeconomic effects of green recovery programmes
    conceptual framing and a review of the empirical literature
    Autor*in: Köppl, Angela; Schratzenstaller, Margit
    Erschienen: April 2022
    Verlag:  Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Wien

    As governments spend unprecedented sums of public money on pandemic related rescue and recovery measures, while humankind is facing mounting long-term challenges - and above all the climate crisis -, the question whether and to what extent COVID-19... mehr

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    As governments spend unprecedented sums of public money on pandemic related rescue and recovery measures, while humankind is facing mounting long-term challenges - and above all the climate crisis -, the question whether and to what extent COVID-19 recovery programmes contribute to countries' commitments to a sustainability oriented recovery is gaining increasing urgency. We argue that overcoming the economic and social impacts of the pandemic require deeper structural changes than a return to a more or less business as usual scenario to limit the impacts of climate change. Recovery packages should therefore be designed in such a way as to avoid fossil lock-in effects and take into account that the social and technological actions taken today will unfold their effects in the climate system with a time lag only. An interesting question in this context is the effectiveness of green recovery measures not only with regard to environmental objectives, but also concerning conventional economic indicators, which are traditionally summarised under the heading "multiplier effects". Evaluations of the economic effects of green recovery measures, e.g. those implemented during the global financial crisis, are in short supply. Most of the existing empirical analyses have an ex ante focus, while ex post evaluations are scarce. This paper aims at contributing to this research gap by providing a review of the empirical evidence of the macroeconomic effects of green recovery measures.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIFO working papers ; 646 (2022)
    Schlagworte: Green recovery; COVID-19 crisis; multipliers; green multipliers; transformative change
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. How asset management companies can help tackle the NPL crisis
    a state aid perspective within the resolution framework
    Autor*in: Grünewald, Seraina Neva; Louisse Read, Marije L.
    Erschienen: 03/01/2022
    Verlag:  European Banking Institute e.V., Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The lingering pandemic and associated lockdown measures have undoubtedly an impact on banks’ balance sheets. It is expected that the ratio of banks’ non-performing loans (NPLs) will raise significantly once Member States fully unwind the support... mehr

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    The lingering pandemic and associated lockdown measures have undoubtedly an impact on banks’ balance sheets. It is expected that the ratio of banks’ non-performing loans (NPLs) will raise significantly once Member States fully unwind the support measures introduced to contain the impact of the pandemic on businesses and households. This article investigates the merits of the Commission’s proposal to make use of Asset Management Companies (AMCs) to tackle old and new generations of NPLs in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. It identifies and compares the different sets of rules applicable to different scenarios under which an AMC could be used to offload NPLs from banks’ balance sheets, drawing also on historical experience during and after the Great Financial Crisis. These scenarios include the use of an AMC (1) outside of resolution without the award of State aid; (2) outside of resolution with the award of State aid (‘precautionary recapitalisation’); (3) in resolution to operationalize the asset separation tool; and (4) in national insolvency proceedings (with or without the award of State aid). The article finds that the rules that apply to these different scenarios are not always coherent and that a common understanding on the eligibility of assets to be transferred to AMCs is needed to effectively tackle an upcoming NPL crisis

     
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    Schriftenreihe: EBI working paper series ; no. 109 (2022)
    Schlagworte: non-performing loans; NPLs; COVID-19 crisis; State aid; asset management companies; AMCs
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
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  18. Labour market effects of supply chain bottlenecks
    Autor*in: Hummel, Markus; Hutter, Christian; Weber, Enzo
    Erschienen: 11 May 2022
    Verlag:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg, Germany

    During the COVID-19 pandemic there were supply chain bottlenecks all over the world with regard to raw materials and intermediate products. In this article, we examine how these constraints affected labour market development. For an empirical panel... mehr

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    During the COVID-19 pandemic there were supply chain bottlenecks all over the world with regard to raw materials and intermediate products. In this article, we examine how these constraints affected labour market development. For an empirical panel analysis, we combine survey data and administrative labour market data for economic sectors in Germany. We find effects on unemployment that are noticeable but still relatively limited. The effect on short-time work, on the other hand, is revealed to be considerable. Whilst short-time work is traditionally imposed where there are slumps in demand, our results show that it is also used in the case of adverse supply shocks. While inflation is rising, this explains why the Phillips curve does not shift outward. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie kam es weltweit zu Lieferkettenengpässen bei Rohstoffen und Zwischenprodukten. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir, wie sich diese Einschränkungen auf die Arbeitsmarktentwicklung ausgewirkt haben. Für eine empirische Panelanalyse kombinieren wir Befragungsdaten und administrative Arbeitsmarktdaten für Wirtschaftsbereiche in Deutschland. Wir finden spürbare, aber noch relativ begrenzte Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitslosigkeit. Die Auswirkung auf die Kurzarbeit erweist sich dagegen als erheblich. Während Kurzarbeit traditionell bei Nachfrageeinbrüchen verhängt wird, zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass sie auch bei negativen Angebotsschocks zum Einsatz kommt. Bei steigender Inflation erklärt dies auch, warum sich die Phillips-Kurve nicht nach außen verschiebt.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IAB-discussion paper ; 2022, 9
    Schlagworte: material shortages; supply chain; labour market; COVID-19 crisis; short-time work
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Adjustments of local labour markets to the COVID-19 crisis
    the role of digitalisation and working-from-home
    Autor*in: Ben Yahmed, Sarra; Berlingieri, Francesco; Brüll, Eduard
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    Employment responses to the COVID-19 crisis differed widely across German local labour markets at the beginning of the pandemic, with differences in short-time work rates of up to 20 percentage points. We show that digital capital, and to a lesser... mehr

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    Employment responses to the COVID-19 crisis differed widely across German local labour markets at the beginning of the pandemic, with differences in short-time work rates of up to 20 percentage points. We show that digital capital, and to a lesser extent working-from-home, were essential for the resilience of local labour markets. Using an empirical strategy that combines a difference-in-differences approach with propensity score weighting, we find that local exposure to digital capital reduced short-time work usage by up to 4 percentage points and the effect lasted for about 8 months. Working-from-home potential lowered short-time work rates, but only in local labour markets exposed to digital capital, and in the first four months of the pandemic when a strict lockdown was in place. Differences in unemployment rates across local labour markets were at most 2 percentage points and did not depend on digital capital or working-from-home potential.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 22, 031 (08/2022)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 crisis; Digitalisation; Employment; Information and communication technologies; Local labour markets; Short-time work; Working-from-home
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Enhancing private and public risk sharing
    lessons from the literature and reflections on the COVID-19 crisis
    Autor*in: Cimadomo, Jacopo; Gordo, Esther; Palazzo, Alessandra Anna
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This article surveys the literature on consumption risk sharing, focusing on the findings for the euro area and for the United States, but also presenting evidence for other countries. The literature examined found that risk sharing is higher in more... mehr

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    This article surveys the literature on consumption risk sharing, focusing on the findings for the euro area and for the United States, but also presenting evidence for other countries. The literature examined found that risk sharing is higher in more mature federations, such as the United States, than in the euro area. The papers surveyed suggest that state/country-specific output shocks are primarily smoothed out through the capital and credit channel, whereas the fiscal channel as a minor role, especially in the euro area. Overall, about 70% of shocks is smoothed in the United States while just 40% in the euro area. At the same time, our analysis of the response to the COVID-19 crisis indicates that risk sharing in the euro area has been more resilient than it was during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. Overall, our results point to the need for further improvements to the private and public risksharing channels in the euro area to ensure more effective cushioning against asymmetric shocks and to boost progress towards the completion of European Monetary Union (EMU).

     
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    hdl: 10419/268050
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 306 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: Risk sharing; COVID-19 crisis; EMU reform
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The term structure of interest rates in a heterogeneous Monetary Union
    Autor*in: Costain, James; Nuño, Galo; Thomas, Carlos
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2223
    Schlagworte: sovereign default; quantitative easing; yield curve; affine model; COVID-19 crisis; ECB; pandemic emergency purchase programme
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Investigating the determinants of corporate bond credit spreads in the euro area
    Autor*in: Letta, Simone; Mirante, Pasquale
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Banca d'Italia, Rome, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Markets, infrastructures, payment systems ; number 36 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: Corporate credit spread; COVID-19 crisis; ESG
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Enhancing private and public risk sharing
    lessons from the literature and reflections on the COVID-19 crisis
    Autor*in: Cimadomo, Jacopo; Gordo, Esther; Palazzo, Alessandra Anna
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This article surveys the literature on consumption risk sharing, focusing on the findings for the euro area and for the United States, but also presenting evidence for other countries. The literature examined found that risk sharing is higher in more... mehr

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    This article surveys the literature on consumption risk sharing, focusing on the findings for the euro area and for the United States, but also presenting evidence for other countries. The literature examined found that risk sharing is higher in more mature federations, such as the United States, than in the euro area. The papers surveyed suggest that state/country-specific output shocks are primarily smoothed out through the capital and credit channel, whereas the fiscal channel as a minor role, especially in the euro area. Overall, about 70% of shocks is smoothed in the United States while just 40% in the euro area. At the same time, our analysis of the response to the COVID-19 crisis indicates that risk sharing in the euro area has been more resilient than it was during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. Overall, our results point to the need for further improvements to the private and public risksharing channels in the euro area to ensure more effective cushioning against asymmetric shocks and to boost progress towards the completion of European Monetary Union (EMU).

     
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    hdl: 10419/268050
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 306 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: Risk sharing; COVID-19 crisis; EMU reform
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. How does the Repo market behave under stress?
    evidence from the COVID-19 crisis
    Autor*in: Hüser, Anne-Caroline; Lepore, Caterina; Veraart, Luitgard A. M.
    Erschienen: Nov 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We examine how the repo market operates during liquidity stress by applying network analysis to novel transaction-level data of the overnight gilt repo market including the COVID-19 crisis. During this crisis, the repo network becomes more connected,... mehr

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    We examine how the repo market operates during liquidity stress by applying network analysis to novel transaction-level data of the overnight gilt repo market including the COVID-19 crisis. During this crisis, the repo network becomes more connected, with most institutions relying on existing trade relationships to transact. There are however significant changes in the repo volumes and spreads during the stress relative to normal times. We find a significant increase in volumes traded in the cleared segment of the market. This reflects a preference for dealers and banks to transact in the cleared rather than the bilateral segment. Funding decreases towards non-banks, only increasing for hedge funds. Further, spreads are higher when dealers and banks lend to rather than borrow from non-banks. Our results can inform the policy debate around the behaviour of banks and non-banks in recent liquidity stress and on widening participation in CCPs by nonbanks

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/21, 267
    Schlagworte: Repo market; liquidity risk; financial networks; market microstructure; COVID-19 crisis; Banks; Depository Institutions; Financial Crises; Foreign Exchange; Micro Finance Institutions; Network Formation and Analysis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Labour market integration of refugees during the Covid-19 crisis in Austria
    evaluation of the FIMAS refugee panel
    Autor*in: Landesmann, Michael; Leitner, Sandra M.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), Vienna

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    Schlagworte: Refugees; COVID-19 crisis; occupational trajectories; atypical employment; labour markets; job-market integration
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen