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  1. Teaching and testing by phone in a pandemic
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 591 (September 2021)
    Schlagworte: Education; COVID; distance learning; teachers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The reasury market in spring 2020 and the response of the federal reserve
    Erschienen: 30 July 2021
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16410
    Schlagworte: Treasury markets; COVID; Quantitative easing; Federal Reserve
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The socioeconomic patterns of COVID outside advanced economies: the case of Bogotá
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Schriftenreihe: Documento CEDE ; 2020, 45 (noviembre de 2020)
    Schlagworte: COVID; Inequality; Socioeconomic Impact; Psychological Biases; LatinAmerica; Colombia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The direct employment impact of public investment
    Autor*in: Moszoro, Marian
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We evaluate the direct employment effect of the public investment in key infrastructure-electricity, roads, schools and hospitals, and water and sanitation. Using rich firm-level panel data from 41 countries over 19 years, we estimate that USD 1... mehr

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    We evaluate the direct employment effect of the public investment in key infrastructure-electricity, roads, schools and hospitals, and water and sanitation. Using rich firm-level panel data from 41 countries over 19 years, we estimate that USD 1 million of public spending in infrastructure create 3-7 jobs in advanced economies, 10-17 jobs in emerging market economies, and 16-30 jobs in low-income developing countries. As a comparison, USD 1 million public spending on R and D yields 5-11 jobs in R and D in OECD countries. Green investment and investment with a larger R and D component deliver higher employment effect. Overall, we estimate that one percent of global GDP in public investment can create more than seven million jobs worldwide through its direct employment effects alone

     

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    ISBN: 9781513573793
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    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 131
    Schlagworte: Crisis; Public Investment; Infrastructure; Stimulus; Employment; COVID; Recovery; Foreign Exchange; Informal Economy; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock; Underground Econom
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Fragmentation in the European Monetary Union
    is it really over?
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  City University of Hong Kong, College of Business, Department of Economics & Finance, Hong Kong

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    Schriftenreihe: Global Research Unit working paper ; # 2021, 016
    Schlagworte: Euro Area; Sovereign bond; Fragmentation; COVID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The economics of walking about and predicting unemployment
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries - Austria; Belgium;... mehr

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    Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries - Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Turkey and the UK - over 439 months between January 1985 and July 2021 in an unbalanced country*month panel of just over 10000 observations, we predict changes in the unemployment rate 12 months in advance based on individuals' fears of unemployment, their perceptions of the economic situation and their own household financial situation. Fear of unemployment predicts subsequent changes in unemployment 12 months later in the presence of country fixed effects and lagged unemployment. Individuals' perceptions of the economic situation in the country and their own household finances also predict unemployment 12 months later. Business sentiment (industry fear of unemployment) is also predictive of unemployment 12 months later. The findings underscore the importance of the "economics of walking about". The implication is that these social survey data are informative in predicting economic downturns and should be used more extensively in forecasting. We also generate a 29 country-level annual panel on life satisfaction from 1985-2020 from the World Database of Happiness and show that the consumer level fear of unemployment variable lowers wellbeing over and above the negative impact of the unemployment rate itself. Qualitative survey metrics were able to predict the Great Recession and the economic slowdown in Europe just prior to the COVID pandemic.

     

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    hdl: 10419/238742
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 922
    Schlagworte: unemployment; fear; sentiment; social attitudes; life satisfaction; recession; COVID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Has COVID changed consumer payment behavior?
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  [Federal Reserve Bank of Boston], [Boston]

    The COVID-19 pandemic has caused large changes in consumer spending, including how people make their payments. We use data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. consumers collected before COVID in 2018 and 2019 and during COVID in 2020 to... mehr

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has caused large changes in consumer spending, including how people make their payments. We use data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. consumers collected before COVID in 2018 and 2019 and during COVID in 2020 to analyze changes in consumer payment behavior during the pandemic. We find that compared with their payment behavior in 2019, consumers had shifted some of their purchases from in person to online by fall 2020, significantly lowered their use of cash for purchases, and shifted their personto-person (P2P) payments away from paper (cash and checks). Those changes are consistent with what we might expect, as many people were less able or willing to shop in person. The adoption of electronic P2P increased, especially the use of payment apps such as PayPal, Venmo, and Zelle. Consumers who worked exclusively from home during COVID made significantly higher shares of their payments online or through mobile devices and were less likely to use cash at all compared with those who worked at least partly in person, even after we control for income and education levels. In contrast, payment-behavior changes that took place from 2018 to 2019 were smaller in magnitude and largely insignificant, suggesting that COVID likely accelerated any longer-term trends. Although it is too soon to determine whether these changes will persist for the longer term, we observed them several months after the onset of the pandemic, so they certainly were not just temporary shifts.

     

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    hdl: 10419/250729
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: October 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; no. 21, 12
    Schlagworte: consumer payments; consumer surveys; payment behavior; COVID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Firms and households during the pandemic: what do we learn from their electricity consumption?
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Schriftenreihe: Documentos ocasionales / Banco de España ; no. 2031
    Schlagworte: electricity demand; economic activity; COVID; lockdowns
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Obesity and its impact on COVID occurrence
    evidence from India
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

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    Schriftenreihe: IEG working paper ; no. 430
    Schlagworte: COVID; overweight; obesity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Behavior and the transmission of COVID-19
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN

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    Schriftenreihe: Staff report / Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis ; no. 618 (February 2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID; Behavior; Epidemics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. A parsimonious behavioral SEIR model of the 2020 COVID epidemic in the United States and the United Kingdom
    Autor*in: Atkeson, Andrew
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN

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    Schriftenreihe: Staff report / Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis ; no. 619 (February 2021)
    Schlagworte: COVID; Behavior; Epidemics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Severe but plausible - or not?
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  MIT Sloan School of Management, [Cambridge, MA]

    In light of the COVID 19 crisis, the Federal Reserve has carried out stress tests to assess if major banks have sufficient capital to ensure their viability should a new and perhaps unprecedented crisis emerge. The Fed argues that the scenarios... mehr

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    In light of the COVID 19 crisis, the Federal Reserve has carried out stress tests to assess if major banks have sufficient capital to ensure their viability should a new and perhaps unprecedented crisis emerge. The Fed argues that the scenarios underpinning these stress tests are severe but plausible, yet they have not offered any evidence or framework for measuring the plausibility of their scenarios. If the scenarios are indeed plausible, it makes sense for banks to retain enough capital to withstand their occurrence. If, however, the scenarios are not reasonably plausible, banks will have deployed capital less productively than they otherwise could have, thereby impairing credit expansion and economic growth. The authors apply a measure of statistical unusualness, called the Mahalanobis distance, to assess the plausibility of the Fed’s stress scenarios. A first pass of their analysis, based on conventional statistical assumptions, reveals that the Fed’s scenarios are not even remotely plausible. However, the authors offer two modifications to their initial analysis that increase the scenarios’ plausibility. First, they show how the Fed can minimally modify their scenarios to render them marginally plausible in a Gaussian world. And second, they show how to evaluate the plausibility of the Fed’s scenarios by replacing the theoretical world of normality with a distribution that is empirically grounded

     

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: January 9, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: MIT Sloan School working paper ; 6246 (21)
    Schlagworte: Alternative composite scenario; Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review Program; COVID; Kurtosis; Mahalanobis distance; Severe but plausible; Skewness; Stress scenario; Stress test; Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  13. Inequalities in the times of a pandemic
    Erschienen: 04 January 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16856
    Schlagworte: COVID; policy; Inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The treasury market in spring 2020 and the response of the Federal Reserve
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, [Basel]

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Revised July 28, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: BIS working papers ; no 966 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: Treasury bonds; COVID; Federal Reserve; quantitative easing
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Green bonds as hedging assets before and after COVID
    a comparative study between the US and China
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

    The COVID pandemic reveals the fragility of the global financial market during rare disasters. Conventional safe-haven assets like gold can be used to hedge against ordinary risks, but tail dependence can substantially reduce the hedging... mehr

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    The COVID pandemic reveals the fragility of the global financial market during rare disasters. Conventional safe-haven assets like gold can be used to hedge against ordinary risks, but tail dependence can substantially reduce the hedging effectiveness. In contrast, green bonds focus on long-term, sustainable investments, so they become an important hedging tool against climate risks, financial risks, as well as rare disasters like COVID. The copula approach based on the TGARCH model is applied to estimate the joint distributions between green bonds and selected financial assets in both US and China. The quantile-based approach is also performed to offer a robustness check on tail dependence. The results show that all assets in the two countries have thick tails and tail dependence with time-varying features. The hedging effectiveness does decline during the COVID pandemic, but it is the hedging effectiveness against tail risks rather than against normal risks. It is argued that green bonds play a significant role in hedging against rare disasters especially in forex markets. It is also found that green bonds in the US and China converge in many aspects, suggesting a smaller cross-country difference than cross-asset difference.

     

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    hdl: 10419/261221
    Schriftenreihe: Cardiff economics working papers ; no. E2021, 28
    Schlagworte: green bonds; hedging effectiveness; COVID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Fiscal policy in the COVID-19 era
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2022, 4 (April 2022)
    Schlagworte: fiscal policy; COVID; econometric modelling; macroeconomic outlook; Job Keeper
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Working Paper ebenfalls in der Reihe CAMA working paper series no. 27/2022 erschienen

  17. Occupational mobility in the ALife data
    how reliable are occupational patterns from administrative Australian tax records?
    Beteiligt: Hathorne, Clara (HerausgeberIn); Breunig, Robert (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Beteiligt: Hathorne, Clara (HerausgeberIn); Breunig, Robert (HerausgeberIn)
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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2022, 5 (April 2022)
    Schlagworte: fiscal policy; COVID; econometric modelling; macroeconomic outlook; JobKeeper
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Fiscal Policy in the COVID-19 era
    Autor*in: Murphy, Chris
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: CAMA working paper ; 2022, 27 (March 2022)
    Schlagworte: fiscal policy; COVID; econometric modelling; macroeconomic outlook; JobKeeper
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Working Paper ebenfalls in der Reihe TTPI - Working Paper no.4/2022 erschienen

  19. Information exposure and corporate citizenship
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL

    We explore how information exposure, specifically information transmission within organizations, facilitates companies' roles as corporate citizens. We study whether US firms' business networks with China and Italy become their information advantage,... mehr

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    We explore how information exposure, specifically information transmission within organizations, facilitates companies' roles as corporate citizens. We study whether US firms' business networks with China and Italy become their information advantage, and examine whether firms use relevant information to mitigate the negative shocks of COVID-19. We start by validating our measurement of information exposure. Next, we find that a higher number of work-from-home ("WFH") policies, as evidenced by a higher stay-at-home ratio, are implemented in areas with more information-exposure companies, even before local governments impose a lockdown. To further demonstrate corporate citizenship, we document firms' positive social impact-lower COVID-19 growth and an influence on other firms' WFH policies-and show suggestive evidence on firms' social motives.

     

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    hdl: 10419/262714
    Schriftenreihe: New working paper series / Chicago Booth, Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State ; no. #312 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: Information exposure; information transmission; business networks; COVID; corporate citizenship
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Preferences matter! political responses to the COVID-19 and population's preferences
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Center for Research in Economics and Management, University of Rennes 1, University of Caen Normandie, [Rennes]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Research in Economics and Management ; WP 2022, 01 (Février 2022)
    Schlagworte: COVID; Political Responses; Economic Preferences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Personality traits, remote work and productivity
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The future of teleworking ultimately depends on its impact on workers' productivity and wellbeing, yet the effect of remote working on productivity is not well understood. This paper investigates the link between personality traits and workers'... mehr

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    The future of teleworking ultimately depends on its impact on workers' productivity and wellbeing, yet the effect of remote working on productivity is not well understood. This paper investigates the link between personality traits and workers' productivity when working from home. We exploit a survey providing measures of the "Big Five" personality traits for more than 1700 recent teleworkers. We document strong links between personality, productivity, and willingness to work from home post-pandemic. Ceteris paribus, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience are positively associated with a higher productivity from home, especially for females. On the other hand, the link between Extraversion and preference for teleworking is negative. These results suggest that a one-size-fits-all policy is unlikely to maximize neither firms' productivity nor workers' satisfaction.

     

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    hdl: 10419/262736
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: 01/08/2022
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1145
    Schlagworte: Personality traits; teleworking; work from home; productivity; COVID
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. "Missing" workers and "missing" jobs since the pandemic
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, [Chicago, Illinois]

    Since the start of the pandemic the U.S. labor market has been characterized as being plagued by missing jobs, i.e. payroll employment has fallen more than five million jobs short of its pre-pandemic trend, and missing workers, i.e. the participation... mehr

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    Since the start of the pandemic the U.S. labor market has been characterized as being plagued by missing jobs, i.e. payroll employment has fallen more than five million jobs short of its pre-pandemic trend, and missing workers, i.e. the participation rate has declined by 1.2 percentage points: A pandemic-induced shortage of workers has restrained job creation and, as a result, been a substantial drag on post-pandemic job growth. In this paper, we show that this is a misinterpretation of the data for two reasons. The first is that the number of missing jobs is inflated because it is based on the unrealistic assumption that the pre-pandemic tailwinds for job growth from the decline in the unemployment rate and cyclical upward pressures on participation would have continued in 2020 and beyond if the pandemic would not have occurred. Second, the number of workers missing due to COVID is overstated because the bulk of the 1.2 percentage-point decline in the participation rate since the start of the pandemic reflects a continuation of its long-run downward trend that was already part of projections before the pandemic broke out. Instead, our payroll jobs accounting yields an 810 thousand cyclical shortfall in payroll jobs in October 2022 compared to right before the pandemic. At the recent pace of job growth, even without monetary and fiscal tightening, we expect a substantial deceleration of payroll growth in the coming months.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/272814
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Draft: November 21, 2022
    Schriftenreihe: [Working paper] / Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago ; WP 2022, 54 (November 21, 2022)
    Schlagworte: COVID; job growth; participation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Pandemics and violence against women and children
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 528 (April 2020)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Pandemie; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Gewalt; Frau; Kind; Kausalität; Potenzial; Forschung; Gender and Equality; Global Health; Coronavirus Preparedness & Response; COVID; Social and Economic Consequences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Literaturverzeichnis Seite 27-41, Literaturhinweise

  24. The hegemonic politics of 'strategic autonomy' and 'resilience'
    COVID-19 and the dislocation of EU trade policy

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    Übergeordneter Titel: Enthalten in: Journal of common market studies; Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1962; 61(2023), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 3-19; Online-Ressource

    Schlagworte: Außenhandel; Änderung; Politik; Autonomie; Resilienz; Politischer Prozess; Diskurstheorie; COVID; poststructuralism; discourse; EU trade policy; Laclau
  25. The effect of compulsory schooling on vaccination against COVID and Influenza
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza in Germany and Europe. Our identification strategy makes use of changes in compulsory schooling laws and allows to estimate local average treatment effects for individuals... mehr

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    We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza in Germany and Europe. Our identification strategy makes use of changes in compulsory schooling laws and allows to estimate local average treatment effects for individuals between 59 and 91 years of age. We find no significant effect of an additional year of schooling on vaccination status in Germany. Pooling data from Europe, we conclude that schooling increases the likelihood to vaccinate against COVID by an economically negligible effect of one percentage point (zero for influenza). However, we find indications that additional schooling increases fear of side effects from COVID vaccination. Wir untersuchen die Auswirkungen von Bildung auf die Impfung gegen COVID und Influenza in Deutschland und Europa. Unsere Identifikationsstrategie nutzt Änderungen in Pflichtschulzeiten aus und ermöglicht die Schätzung lokaler Treatmenteffekte für Personen im Alter zwischen 59 und 91 Jahren. Wir finden keinen signifikanten Effekt eines zusätzlichen Jahres an Schulbildung auf den Impfstatus in Deutschland. Für die europäischen Daten, kommen wird zu dem Schluss, dass die Schulbildung die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, sich gegen COVID zu impfen, allerdings nur um einen vernachlässigbaren Effekt von einem Prozentpunkt (Null für Grippe). Wir finden jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass zusätzliche Schulbildung die Angst vor Nebenwirkungen der COVID-Impfung erhöht.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783969731772
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/270931
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #1011
    Schlagworte: COVID; influenza; vaccination; education; compulsory schooling
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen