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  1. Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles vinckei are candidate vectors of ape Plasmodium parasites, including Plasmodium praefalciparum in Gabon
    Autor*in: Paupy, Christophe; Makanga, Boris; Ollomo, Benjamin; Rahola, Nil; Patrick, Durand; Magnus, Julie; Willaume, Eric; Renaud, François; Fontenille, Didier; Prugnolle, Franck
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  HAL CCSD ; Public Library of Science

    International audience ; During the last four years, knowledge about the diversity of Plasmodium species in African great apes has considerably increased. Several new species were described in chimpanzees and gorillas, and some species that were... mehr

     

    International audience ; During the last four years, knowledge about the diversity of Plasmodium species in African great apes has considerably increased. Several new species were described in chimpanzees and gorillas, and some species that were previously considered as strictly of human interest were found to be infecting African apes. The description in gorillas of P. praefalciparum, the closest relative of P. falciparum which is the main malignant agent of human malaria, definitively changed the way we understand the evolution and origin of P. falciparum. This parasite is now considered to have appeared recently, following a cross-species transfer from gorillas to humans. However, the Plasmodium vector mosquito species that have served as bridge between these two host species remain unknown. In order to identify the vectors that ensure ape Plasmodium transmission and evaluate the risk of transfer of these parasites to humans, we carried out a field study in Gabon to capture Anopheles in areas where wild and semi-wild ape populations live.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt AVL
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    Übergeordneter Titel: ISSN: 1932-6203 ; EISSN: 1932-6203 ; PLoS ONE ; https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02065040 ; PLoS ONE, 2013, 8 (2), pp.e57294. ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0057294⟩
    Schlagworte: [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology; [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics; Phylogenetics and taxonomy; [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health; [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Symbiosis
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    info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
  2. Retaliation in Response to Castration Promotes a Low Level of Virulence in an Ant–Plant Mutualism
    Autor*in: Malé, Pierre-Jean; Ferdy, Jean-Baptiste; Leroy, Celine; Roux, Olivier; Lauth, Jérémie; Avilez, Arthur; Dejean, Alain; Quilichini, Angélique; Orivel, Jérôme
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  HAL CCSD ; Springer

    International audience ; The diversion of a host’s energy by a symbiont for its own benefit is a major source of instability in horizontally-transmitted mutualisms. This instability can be counter-balanced by the host’s retaliation against... mehr

     

    International audience ; The diversion of a host’s energy by a symbiont for its own benefit is a major source of instability in horizontally-transmitted mutualisms. This instability can be counter-balanced by the host’s retaliation against exploiters. Such responses are crucial to the maintenance of the relationship. We focus on this issue in an obligate ant–plant mutualism in which the ants are known to partially castrate their host plant. We studied plant responses to various levels of castration in terms of (1) global vegetative investment and (2) investment in myrmecophytic traits. Castration led to a higher plant growth rate, signalling a novel case of gigantism induced by parasitic castration. On the other hand, completely castrated plants produced smaller nesting and food resources (i.e. leaf pouches and extra floral nectaries). Since the number of worker larvae is correlated to the volume of the leaf pouches, such a decrease in the investment in myrmecophytic traits demonstrates for the first time the existence of inducible retaliation mechanisms against too virulent castrating ants. Over time, this mechanism promotes an intermediate level of castration and enhances the stability of the mutualistic relationship by providing the ants with more living space while allowing the plant to reproduce

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt AVL
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    Übergeordneter Titel: ISSN: 0071-3260 ; EISSN: 1934-2845 ; Evolutionary Biology ; https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02069364 ; Evolutionary Biology, 2014, 41 (1), pp.22-28. ⟨10.1007/s11692-013-9242-7⟩
    Schlagworte: Evolutionary conflict; Cheater; Overexploitation; Mutualism breakdown; Allomerus decemarticulatus; Hirtella physophora; [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Symbiosis; [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics
    Lizenz:

    info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
  3. Epithelial stratification shapes infection dynamics
    Autor*in: Murall, Carmen Lia; Jackson, Robert; Zehbe, Ingeborg; Boulle, Nathalie; Segondy, Michel; Alizon, Samuel
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  HAL CCSD ; Public Library of Science

    International audience ; Infections of stratified epithelia contribute to a large group of common diseases, such as dermatological conditions and sexually transmitted diseases. To investigate how epithelial structure affects infection dynamics, we... mehr

     

    International audience ; Infections of stratified epithelia contribute to a large group of common diseases, such as dermatological conditions and sexually transmitted diseases. To investigate how epithelial structure affects infection dynamics, we develop a general ecology-inspired model for stratified epithelia. Our model allows us to simulate infections, explore new hypotheses and estimate parameters that are difficult to measure with tissue cell cultures. We focus on two contrasting pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Human papillomaviruses (HPV). Using cervicovaginal parameter estimates, we find that key infection symptoms can be explained by differential interactions with the layers, while clearance and pathogen burden appear to be bottom-up processes. Cell protective responses to infections (e.g. mucus trapping) generally lowered pathogen load but there were specific effects based on infection strategies. Our modeling approach opens new perspectives for 3D tissue culture experimental systems of infections and, more generally, for developing and testing hypotheses related to infections of stratified epithelia. Author summary Many epithelia are stratified in layers of cells and their infection can result in many pathologies, from rashes to cancer. It is important to understand to what extent the epi-thelial structure determines infection dynamics and outcomes. To aid experimental and clinical studies, we develop a mathematical model that recreates epithelial and infection dynamics. By applying it to a virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), and a bacteria, chla-mydia, we show that considering stratification improves our general understanding of disease patterns. For instance, the duration of infection can be driven by the rate at which the stem cells of the epithelium divide. Having a general model also allows us to investigate and compare hypotheses. This ecological framework can be modified to study specific pathogens or to estimate parameters from data generated in 3D skin cell culture experiments. PLOS ...

     
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  4. First Detection of an Enterovirus C99 in a Captive Chimpanzee with Acute Flaccid Paralysis, from the Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center, Republic of Congo
    Autor*in: Mombo, Illich Manfred; Berthet, Nicolas; Lukashev, Alexander,; Bleicker, Tobias; Brünink, Sebastian; Léger, Lucas; Atencia, Rebeca; Cox, Debby; Bouchier, Christiane; Patrick, Durand; Arnathau, Céline; Brazier, Lionel; Fair, Joseph; Schneider, Bradley; Drexler, Jan Felix; Prugnolle, Franck; Drosten, Christian; Renaud, François; M'Baïri, Djébé; Rougeron, Virginie
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  HAL CCSD ; Public Library of Science

    International audience ; Enteroviruses, members of the Picornaviridae family, are ubiquitous viruses responsible for mild to severe infections in human populations around the world. In 2010 Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo recorded an outbreak of... mehr

     

    International audience ; Enteroviruses, members of the Picornaviridae family, are ubiquitous viruses responsible for mild to severe infections in human populations around the world. In 2010 Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo recorded an outbreak of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in the humans, caused by wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1). One month later, in the Tchimpounga sanctuary near Pointe-Noire, a chimpanzee developed signs similar to AFP, with paralysis of the lower limbs. In the present work, we sought to identify the pathogen, including viral and bacterial agents, responsible for this illness. In order to identify the causative agent, we evaluated a fecal specimen by PCR and sequencing. A Human enterovirus C, specifically of the EV-C99 type was potentially responsible for the illness in this chimpanzee. To rule out other possible causative agents, we also investigated the bacteriome and the virome using next generation sequencing. The majority of bacterial reads obtained belonged to commensal bacteria (95%), and the mammalian virus reads matched mainly with viruses of the Picorna-viridae family (99%), in which enteroviruses were the most abundant (99.6%). This study thus reports the first identification of a chimpanzee presenting AFP most likely caused by an enterovirus and demonstrates once again the cross-species transmission of a human pathogen to an ape.

     
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  5. Avian malaria alters the dynamics of blood feeding in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
    Autor*in: Cornet, Stéphane; Nicot, Antoine; Rivero, Ana,; Gandon, Sylvain
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  HAL CCSD ; BioMed Central

    International audience ; Background: Some Plasmodium species have the ability to modify the behaviour of their mosquito vectors. This is thought to be an adaptive strategy that maximizes the parasite's transmission.Methods: The effect of Plasmodium... mehr

     

    International audience ; Background: Some Plasmodium species have the ability to modify the behaviour of their mosquito vectors. This is thought to be an adaptive strategy that maximizes the parasite's transmission.Methods: The effect of Plasmodium relictum infections on the blood feeding behaviour of Culex pipiens quinquefas-ciatus mosquitoes was monitored.Results: Plasmodium infections did not alter the proportion of blood fed mosquitoes but they did affect the dynamics and the size of the blood meal. Sporozoite-infected mosquitoes completed their blood meal 1.3 times later than uninfected mosquitoes and ended up with smaller blood meals.Conclusion: The potential adaptive nature of this manipulation of mosquito behaviour is discussed in the light of previous studies on other malaria models.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Übergeordneter Titel: ISSN: 1475-2875 ; Malaria Journal ; https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02082598 ; Malaria Journal, 2019, 18, pp.82. ⟨10.1186/s12936-019-2690-5⟩
    Schlagworte: Blood feeding; Culex pipiens; Plasmodium relictum; Malaria; Vector behaviour; [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology; [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Symbiosis; [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology; [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
    Lizenz:

    info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess