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  1. Wage effects of educational mismatch according to workers' origin: the role of demographics and firm characteristics
    Autor*in: Jacobs, Valentine; Rycx, François; Volral, Mélanie
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the influence of educational mismatch on wages according to workers' region of birth, taking advantage of our access to rich matched employer-employee data for the Belgian private sector for the period 1999-2010. Using a... mehr

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    This paper examines the influence of educational mismatch on wages according to workers' region of birth, taking advantage of our access to rich matched employer-employee data for the Belgian private sector for the period 1999-2010. Using a fine-grained approach to measuring educational mismatch and controlling for a large set of covariates, we first find that workers born in developed countries benefit from positive wage returns to their years of attained-, required and over-education, and that these returns are significantly higher for them than for their peers born in developing countries. Second, our results show that the wage return to a year of over-education is positive but lower than that to a year of required education. This suggests that over-educated workers suffer a wage penalty compared to their well-matched former classmates (i.e. workers with the same level of education in jobs that match their education). However, the magnitude of this wage penalty is found to vary considerably depending on the origin of the workers. Indeed, all else being equal, our estimates show that it is much greater for workers from developing countries - especially for those born in Africa and the Middle and Near East – than for those from developed countries. Regardless of workers' origin, our estimates further indicate that the wage penalty associated with over-education is higher for workers who: i) have attained tertiary education, ii) are male, iii) have more seniority in employment, iv) are employed in smaller firms, and v) are covered by a collective agreement at the firm level. Yet, whatever the moderating variable under consideration, the estimates also show that the wage penalty associated with over-education remains higher for workers born in developing countries.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250474
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14813
    Schlagworte: mmigrants; educational mismatch; wage gap; linked employer-employee data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  2. Wage inequality, selection and the evolution of the gender earnings gap in Sweden
    Autor*in: Ahrsjö, Ulrika; Niknami, Susan; Palme, Mårten
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Stockholm University, Department of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: August 25, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Research papers in economics / Stockholm University, Department of Economics ; no. 2021, 3
    Schlagworte: Gender pay gap; wage gap; gender inequality; selective samples
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Wage effects of educational mismatch according toworkers' origin
    the role of demographics and firm characteristics
    Autor*in: Jacobs, Valentine; Rycx, François; Volral, Mélanie
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper analyses the wage effects of educational mismatch by workers' origin using a sizeable, detailed matched employer-employee dataset for Belgium. Relying on a fine-grained approach to measuring educational mismatch, the results show that... mehr

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    This paper analyses the wage effects of educational mismatch by workers' origin using a sizeable, detailed matched employer-employee dataset for Belgium. Relying on a fine-grained approach to measuring educational mismatch, the results show that over-educated workers, regardless of their origin, suffer a wage penalty compared to their well-matched former classmates. However, the magnitude of this wage penalty is found to vary considerably depending on workers' origin. In addition, the estimates show that origin-based differences in over-education wage penalties significantly depend on both demographics (workers' region of birth, education, and gender) and employer characteristics (firm size and collective bargaining).

     
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    hdl: 10419/243525
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 966
    Schlagworte: Immigrants; educational mismatch; wage gap; linked employer-employee data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)
  4. The more the gloomier
    development of informal employment and its effect on wages in Turkey
    Autor*in: Duman, Anil; Duman, Alper
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Various studies found wage gaps between formal and informal sector workers even after controlling for a number of individual and firm level characteristics. It has also been shown that earnings differentials across these sectors are quite stable over... mehr

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    Various studies found wage gaps between formal and informal sector workers even after controlling for a number of individual and firm level characteristics. It has also been shown that earnings differentials across these sectors are quite stable over the years. While there is limited amount of research considering the same issues focusing on Turkish labor market, the development of wage gap between formal and informal employment has not been examined. In our paper, we carry this analysis for Turkey and estimate the wage gap between formal and informal sector workers by utilizing the Household Labor Force Survey (LFS) for the period of 2005 and 2019. There are three main findings; first, decline in informal employment is not uniform and especially after 2012 there is a slight increase in the share of informal jobs at the lower end of wage distribution. Second, we demonstrate that returns to informality vary significantly across quantiles even after a matching technique through inverse probability treatment weights are considered. While at the upper end of the distribution, the penalty is extremely small and stable over the years, at the bottom end, the informal sector considerably reduces wages, and the effect becomes larger over time. The negative and increasing penalty is observable well before the refugee inflows. The last part of our analysis looks at the occupational composition within formal and informal sectors over time and points out that the rise of white collar low skilled service (WCLS) jobs among informal employment is mainly responsible for the increasing wage gap for the workers at the bottom end.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235035
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 870
    Schlagworte: wage gap; quantile regression; informal sector; compensation; skills; occupation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Gender gaps in employment, wages, and work hours
    assessment of COVID-19 implications
    Autor*in: Tverdostup, Maryna
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    The COVID-19 pandemic has highly asymmetric effects on labour market outcomes of men and women. In this paper, we empirically investigate the dynamics and drivers of gender gaps in employment rates, wages and workhours during the pandemic. Relying on... mehr

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has highly asymmetric effects on labour market outcomes of men and women. In this paper, we empirically investigate the dynamics and drivers of gender gaps in employment rates, wages and workhours during the pandemic. Relying on Estonian Labour Force Survey data, we document that the pandemic has, if anything, reduced gender inequality in all three domains. Our results suggest that, while the evolution of inequalities mirrored the infection rate development - rising as infections mounted and declining as the first wave flattened - overall, the pandemic did not exacerbate gender gaps in 2020. The cyclical increases in gender disparities were largely driven by parenthood, as child-rearing women experienced a major decline in their employment rate and workhours, as well as gender segregation in the most affected industries. The higher propensity to work from home and better educational attainments of women deterred gender wage gap expansion, as wage returns to telework and education rose during the pandemic. Our results suggest no systematic expansion of gender gaps, but rather short-term fluctuations. However, labour market penalties for women with young children and women employed in those industries most affected by COVID-19 may last longer than the pandemic, threatening to widen gender inequality in the long run.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240645
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 202
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; employment; gender; inequalities; wage gap
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Gender wage gaps in Ghana
    a comparison across different selection models
    Autor*in: Boahen, Emmanuel Adu; Opoku, Kwadwo
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The wage of an individual is observed only when he/she is employed. However, getting employment requires two decisions. First, an individual has to decide to participate in the labour market, and second, an employer must decide to hire that... mehr

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    The wage of an individual is observed only when he/she is employed. However, getting employment requires two decisions. First, an individual has to decide to participate in the labour market, and second, an employer must decide to hire that individual. Since female labour market participation often differs from that of men, and employers' decisions to hire may also be influenced by gender, it is appropriate to account for this double selection process. This study uses the latest household survey in Ghana to estimate gender wage gaps by correcting for this double selection process. We find that the average total gender wage gap is positive and significant irrespective of the sample selection correction method used. Our results indicate that women on average receive lower wages than men. Irrespective of the type of selection method used, our findings suggest that almost all the wage gap is a result of differences in returns, with only a small part coming from differences in observables. We find that the gender wage gap is smaller among formal wage employees and the gap decreases as education level increases. Although our findings indicate a similar trend in the wage gap across all specifications, the magnitude of the gap is sensitive to the choice of the model. This points to the need to be cautious about the choice of sample selection correction used to analyse gender wage gaps.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292569440
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229411
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 10
    Schlagworte: gender; Ghana; labour market; sample selection; wage gap
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Gender equality and inclusive growth
    Autor*in: Fernández, Raquel; Isakova, Asel; Luna, Francesco; Rambousek, Barbara
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes... mehr

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    This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics

     
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    ISBN: 9781513571164
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 59
    Schlagworte: gender gap; inequality; wage gap; wage segregation; gender discrimination; activelabor market policies; gender budgeting; GGGI: Global Gender Gap Index; inclusive growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. An evaluation of the gender wage gap using linked survey and administrative data
    Autor*in: Foster, Thomas B.; Murray-Close, Marta; Landivar, Liana Christin; DeWolf, Mark
    Erschienen: November, 2020
    Verlag:  U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau ; 20, 34 (November, 2020)
    Schlagworte: gender; earnings gap; wage gap; women's employment; occupations; administrative records
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 156 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Wage effects of educational mismatch according to workers' origin
    the role of demographics and firm characteristics
    Autor*in: Jacobs, Valentine; Rycx, François; Volral, Mélanie
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Institut de recherche économiques et sociales, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2078.1/253034
    Schriftenreihe: LIDAM discussion paper IRES ; 2021, 25
    Schlagworte: Immigrants; educational mismatch; wage gap; linked employer-employee data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  10. The gender wage gap in Myanmar
    adding insult to injury?
    Autor*in: Hansen, Henrik; Rand, John; Ngu Wah Win
    Erschienen: November 2020
    Verlag:  University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, [Copenhagen]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Development Economics Research Group ; 05 (2020)
    Schlagworte: discrimination; gender; labour market; Mincer earnings function; Myanmar; wage gap
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Australian age, period, cohort effects in the gender wage gap
    2001 to 2018
    Autor*in: Kamal, Mustafa; Blacklow, Paul
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Tasmania, [Hobart, Tasmania]

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    ISBN: 9781922352965
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania ; N 2021, 02
    Schlagworte: gender; wage gap; age; period; cohort; Australia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Gender Inequality
    Explained through feminist theories with the focus on Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sweden
    Autor*in: Delic, Lejla
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  AV Akademikerverlag, Saarbrücken

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    ISBN: 9786202218191; 6202218193
    Weitere Identifier:
    9786202218191
    Auflage/Ausgabe: 1. Auflage
    Weitere Schlagworte: (Produktform)Electronic book text; Gender inequality; Gender Equality; Gender Pay Gap; wage gap; stereotyping; cognitive bias; Feminist Theory; liberal feminism; radical feminism; Employment; education; (VLB-WN)1726: Soziologie/Frauenforschung, Geschlechterforschung
    Umfang: Online-Ressource, 112 Seiten
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  13. Native speakerism
    discriminatory employment practices in Polish language schools
    Autor*in: Paciorkowski, Tomasz
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Peter Lang, Berlin

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    ISBN: 9783631874646; 3631874642
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    9783631874646
    Schriftenreihe: Studies in linguistics, anglophone literatures and cultures ; volume 33
    Schlagworte: Englischunterricht; Erwachsenenbildung; Englischlehrer; Native speaker; Non-native speaker
    Weitere Schlagworte: (Produktform)Hardback; (BISAC Subject Heading)LAN000000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / General; native speaker; non-native speaker; discrimination; ideology; wage gap; teachers; (VLB-WN)1560: Hardcover, Softcover / Sprachwissenschaft, Literaturwissenschaft; native speaker;non-native speaker;discrimination;ideology;wage gap;teachers
    Umfang: 293 Seiten, Illustrationen, 22 cm, 454 g
  14. Native Speakerism
    Discriminatory Employment Practices in Polish Language Schools
    Autor*in: Paciorkowski, Tomasz
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Peter Lang Verlag, Berlin

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  15. Gender equality and inclusive growth
    Autor*in: Fernández, Raquel; Isakova, Asel; Luna, Francesco; Rambousek, Barbara
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes... mehr

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    This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics

     
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    ISBN: 9781513571164
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: IMF working paper ; WP/21, 59
    Schlagworte: gender gap; inequality; wage gap; wage segregation; gender discrimination; activelabor market policies; gender budgeting; GGGI: Global Gender Gap Index; inclusive growth
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Economic transition and wage gap between communist party members and nonmembers in China
    Autor*in: Ma, Xinxin
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Schriftenreihe: RIETI discussion paper series ; 22-E, 032 (April 2022)
    Schlagworte: membership of CPC; wage premium; wage gap; decomposition method; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The hukou system and wage gap between urban and rural migrant workers in China
    a meta-analysis
    Autor*in: Ma, Xinxin; Li, Yalan; Iwasaki, Ichirō
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10086/81444
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no. 751
    Schlagworte: household registration (hukou) system; wage gap; rural migrant worker; synthesis; meta-regression analysis; publication selection bias; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen