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  1. Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic: comparing alternative value frameworks
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The COVID-19 pandemic has forced countries to make difficult ethical choices, e.g., how to balance public health and socioeconomic activity and whom to prioritize in allocating vaccines or other scarce medical resources. We discuss the implications... mehr

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has forced countries to make difficult ethical choices, e.g., how to balance public health and socioeconomic activity and whom to prioritize in allocating vaccines or other scarce medical resources. We discuss the implications of benefit-cost analysis, utilitarianism, and prioritarianism in evaluating COVID-19-related policies. The relative regressivity of COVID-19 burdens and control policy costs determines whether increased sensitivity to distribution supports more or less aggressive control policies. Utilitarianism and prioritarianism, in that order, increasingly favor income redistribution mechanisms compared with benefit-cost analysis. The concern for the worse-off implies that prioritarianism is more likely than utilitarianism or benefit-cost analysis to target young and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals in the allocation of scarce vaccine doses.

     

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    hdl: 10419/236212
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14181
    Schlagworte: prioritarianism; benefit-cost analysis; utilitarianism; COVID-19; vaccine allocation; lockdown; control policies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Foundations of utilitarianism under risk and variable population
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne, Paris

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    Schriftenreihe: Documents de travail du Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ; 2021, 17
    Schlagworte: Social risk; population ethics; utilitarianism; expected critical-level generalized utilitarianism; prioritarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  3. The values of nature
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Institute for Multi-Level Governance & Development, Department of Socio-Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business, [Vienna]

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    Schriftenreihe: Social-ecological research in economics (SRE) discussion paper ; 2021, 03
    Schlagworte: environmental values; Nature; ethics; utilitarianism; rights; virtue; incommensurability; intrinsic value; economic valuation; moral considerability/standing; plural values
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  4. Foundations of utilitarianism under risk and variable population
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Utilitarianism is the most prominent family of social welfare functions. We present three new axiomatic characterizations of utilitarian (that is, additively separable) social welfare functions in a setting where there is risk over both population... mehr

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    Utilitarianism is the most prominent family of social welfare functions. We present three new axiomatic characterizations of utilitarian (that is, additively separable) social welfare functions in a setting where there is risk over both population size and the welfares of individuals. First, we show that, given uncontroversial basic axioms, Blackorby et al.'s (1998) Expected Critical-Level Generalized Utilitarianism (ECLGU) is equivalent to a new axiom holding that it is better to allocate higher utility-conditional-on-existence to possible people who have a higher probability of existence. The other two novel characterizations extend classic axiomatizations of utilitarianism from settings with either social risk or variable-population, considered alone. By considering both social risk and variable population together, we clarify the fundamental normative considerations underlying utilitarian policy evaluation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/245566
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14515
    Schlagworte: social risk; population ethics; utilitarianism; expected critical-level generalized utilitarianism; prioritarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Age and health related inheritance taxation
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper studies the design of an optimal non linear inheritance taxation when individuals differ in wage as well as in their risks of both mortality and old-age dependance. We assume that the government cannot distinguish between bequests motives,... mehr

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    This paper studies the design of an optimal non linear inheritance taxation when individuals differ in wage as well as in their risks of both mortality and old-age dependance. We assume that the government cannot distinguish between bequests motives, that is whether bequests result from precautionary reasons or from pure joy of giving reasons. Instead, we assume that it only observes whether bequests are made early in life or late in life, and in the latter case, whether the donor is autonomous or not. The main result is that, under asymmetric information, in addition to labour income taxation, early bequests of the low-productivity agent should be distorted downward, that is, they should be taxed so as to relax incentive constraints.

     

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    hdl: 10419/235374
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9004 (2021)
    Schlagworte: bequest taxation; long term care; utilitarianism; old-age dependency; non linear taxation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten)
  6. A soul's view of the optimal population problem
    Erschienen: March 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between... mehr

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    A long-standing challenge for welfare economics is to develop welfare criteria that can be applied to allocations with different population levels. Such a criterion is essential to resolve the optimal population problem, i.e., the tradeoff between population size and the welfare of each person alive. A welfare criterion that speaks to this issue inherently requires evaluating the welfare of nonexistent people, because some people exist only in some allocations but not in others. To make progress, we consider the population problem in an environment where population is variable, but there is a fixed supply of souls, who may experience multiple incarnations over time. Rather than pondering the value of nonexistence, from the souls' perspective comparing larger or smaller populations merely involves valuing shorter or longer waits until the next incarnation. We argue that such comparisons are possible on the basis of introspection and lead to intuitive welfare criteria with attractive properties. We emphasize that one does not have to believe in reincarnation to accept the resulting criteria - rather, reincarnation serves as a metaphor to facilitate the necessary utility comparisons.

     

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    hdl: 10419/236253
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14222
    Schlagworte: Wohlfahrtsökonomik; Soziale Wohlfahrtsfunktion; Ethik; Utilitarismus; Soziale Diskontrate; Bevölkerungsentwicklung; Theorie; population ethics; repugnant conclusion; endogenous discounting; utilitarianism; reincarnation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Behavioural utilitarianism and distributive justice
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Research in Economic Theory and its Applications, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research in Economic Theory and its Applications ; no: 67
    Schlagworte: utilitarianism; inequality; reference dependent preferences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  8. Infinite population utilitarian criteria
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We examine utilitarian criteria for evaluating profiles of wellbeing among infinitely many individuals. Motivated by the non-existence of a natural 1-to-1 correspondence between people when alternatives have different population structures, with a... mehr

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    We examine utilitarian criteria for evaluating profiles of wellbeing among infinitely many individuals. Motivated by the non-existence of a natural 1-to-1 correspondence between people when alternatives have different population structures, with a different number of people in each generation, we impose equal treatment in the form of Strong Anonymity. We show how a novel criterion, Strongly Anonymous Utilitarianism, can be characterized by combining Strong Anonymity with other regularity axioms (Monotonicity, Finite Completeness, and continuity axioms) as well as axioms of equity, sensitivity, separability, and population ethics. We relate it to other strongly anonymous utilitarian criteria and demonstrate its applicability by showing how it leads to an efficient and sustainable stream in the Ramsey model.

     

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    hdl: 10419/252093
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9576 (2022)
    Schlagworte: utilitarianism; intergenerational equity; population ethics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  9. Should we discount the welfare of future generations?
    Ramsey and Suppes versus Koopmans and Arrow
    Erschienen: August 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Research in Economic Theory and its Applications, Coventry, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Research in Economic Theory and its Applications ; no: 43
    Schlagworte: Discount rate; utilitarianism; consequentialization; Vickrey-Har-sanyi original position; Suppes criterion; optimal population; average versustotal utility; intergenerational equity; long-run discounting; sustainable preferences; extinction discounting rule
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten)
  10. The Consumer Ideology and the Truth about Man
    Erschienen: 2021

    The formation of the human conscience is a controverted question in both philosophical ethics and moral philosophy. Conscience refers to one’s conception and understanding of the moral good. An especially significant manifestation of the problem of... mehr

     

    The formation of the human conscience is a controverted question in both philosophical ethics and moral philosophy. Conscience refers to one’s conception and understanding of the moral good. An especially significant manifestation of the problem of conscience in the 20th and 21st centuries is the impact of ideology on the individual person’s moral sense. This article considers the impact of two 19th century philosophies―Mill’s utilitarianism and Marxism―on contemporary moral thought insofar as the interaction of these two produce a powerful materialist ideology to determine the modern European and American conscience. We then turn to the thought of Pope John Paul II (Karol Wojtyła), who in his encyclical Veritatis Splendor and in his earlier philosophical writings developed an account of moral truth by which the dangers of materialistic ideology can be overcome. It is argued, with John Paul II, that only in the context of truth can a coherent account of freedom of conscience under the moral law be developed.

     

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    Übergeordneter Titel: Enthalten in: Philosophy & canon law; Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2015; 7(2021), 2, Seite 1-21; Online-Ressource

    Schlagworte: John Paul II; John Stuart Mill; Karl Marx; Marxism; conscience; morality and moral law; utilitarianism
  11. The optimal design of assistedreproductive technologies policies
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CORE, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    hdl: 2078.1/262079
    Schriftenreihe: LIDAM discussion paper CORE ; 2022, 22
    Schlagworte: fertility; assisted reproductive technologies; non-linear taxation; utilitarianism; ex-post egalitarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  12. The optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies policies
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Département des Sciences Économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, (Québec), Canada

    This paper studies the optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies in an economy where individuals differ in their reproductive capacity (or fecundity) and in their wage. We find that the optimal ART policy varies with the... mehr

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    This paper studies the optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies in an economy where individuals differ in their reproductive capacity (or fecundity) and in their wage. We find that the optimal ART policy varies with the postulated social welfare criterion. Utilitarianism redistributes only between individuals with unequal fecundity and wages but not between parents and childless individuals. To the opposite, ex post egalitarianism (which gives absolute priority to the worst-off in realized terms) redistributes from individuals with children toward those without children, and from individuals with high fecundity toward those with low fecundity, so as to compensate for both the monetary cost of ART and for the disutility from involuntary childlessness resulting from unsuccessful ART investments. Under asymmetric information and in order to solve for the incentive problem, utilitarianism recommends also to either tax or subsidize ART investments of low-fecundity-lowproductivity individuals depending on the degree of complementarity between fecundity and ART in the fertility technology. On the opposite, ex post egalitarianism always recommends marginal taxation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/264157
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESG UQÀM, Département des sciences économiques, École des sciences de la gestion, Université du Québec à Montréal ; no. 2022, 05 (Juin 2022)
    Schlagworte: fertility; assisted reproductive technologies; non-linear taxation; utilitarianism; ex-post egalitarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  13. The optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies policies
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper studies the optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies in an economy where individuals differ in their reproductive capacity (or fecundity) and in their wage. We find that the optimal ART policy varies with the... mehr

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    This paper studies the optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies in an economy where individuals differ in their reproductive capacity (or fecundity) and in their wage. We find that the optimal ART policy varies with the postulated social welfare criterion. Utilitarianism redistributes only between individuals with unequal fecundity and wages but not between parents and childless individuals. To the opposite, ex post egalitarianism (which gives absolute priority to the worst-off in realized terms) redistributes from individuals with children toward those without children, and from individuals with high fecundity toward those with low fecundity, so as to compensate for both the monetary cost of ART and for the disutility from involuntary childlessness resulting from unsuccessful ART investments. Under asymmetric information and in order to solve for the incentive problem, utilitarianism recommends also to either tax or subsidize ART investments of low-fecundity-low-productivity individuals depending on the degree of complementarity between fecundity and ART in the fertility technology. On the opposite, ex post egalitarianism always recommends marginal taxation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/263733
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9803 (2022)
    Schlagworte: fertility; assisted reproductive technologies; non-linear taxation; utilitarianism; ex-post egalitarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  14. Are long-lived persons utility monsters?
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Nozick's "utility monster" - a being who is more efficient than other persons at transforming resources into well-being - is often regarded as deeply impossible, on the ground of the incapacity of a single person to have a life that is better than a... mehr

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    Nozick's "utility monster" - a being who is more efficient than other persons at transforming resources into well-being - is often regarded as deeply impossible, on the ground of the incapacity of a single person to have a life that is better than a large number of other lives. In this article, I defend a purely marginalist view of the "utility monster", that is, that the primary characteristic of a "utility monster" is a higher sensitivity, at the margin, of well-being to resources, rather than a larger total well-being. I propose three purely marginalist accounts of "utility monster" and I introduce the related concept of "collective utility monster", in order to account for the collective predation of (almost) all resources by a group of persons. I argue that, although a long-lived person, if taken separately, could hardly belong to the category of "utility monster", a large group of long-lived persons can, under some conditions, belong to the category of "collective utility monster". In the light of the increasingly large proportion of cohorts reaching very old ages nowadays, Nozick's objection against utilitarianism turns out, after a thorough review, to be most relevant for real-world aging societies.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265369
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1186
    Schlagworte: longevity; mortality; inequalities; utilitarianism; Nozick's utility monster
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies policies
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  Chaire de recherche sur les enjeux économiques intergénérationnels, [Montréal]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Chaire de recherche sur les enjeux économiques intergénérationnels ; 22, 04
    Schlagworte: fertility; assisted reproductive technologies; non-linear taxation; utilitarianism; ex-post egalitarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  16. The optimal design of assisted reproductive technologies policies
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CIRANO, [Montréal]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CIRANO ; 2022s, 19
    Schlagworte: fertility; assisted reproductive technologies; non-linear taxation; utilitarianism; ex-post egalitarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten)
  17. A Transcendental Argument against Utilitarianism
  18. Grenzen für den Utilitarismus
  19. Individual and Governmental Responsibility for Sustainability
    An Economic Analysis
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg

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    Beteiligt: Baumgärtner, Stefan (Akademischer Betreuer)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
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    Schlagworte: Nachhaltigkeit; Verantwortung; Utilitarismus; Einflussnahme; Verbraucherverhalten; Interessenpolitik; Umweltbewusstsein; Verantwortung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Utilitarismus ; Moralisches Handeln <Motiv>
    Weitere Schlagworte: Array
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    Lüneburg, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Diss., 2012

  20. Individual and governmental responsibility for sustainability
    an economic analysis

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch; Deutsch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Druck
    Schlagworte: Nachhaltigkeit; Verantwortung; Utilitarismus; Einflussnahme; Verbraucherverhalten; Interessenpolitik; Umweltbewusstsein; Verantwortung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Utilitarismus ; Moralisches Handeln <Motiv>
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    Umfang: 110 S., graph. Darst., 30 cm
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    Enth. 4 Sonderabdr. aus verschiedenen Zeitschr. - Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

    Lüneburg, Univ., Diss., 2012

  21. Grenzen für den Utilitarismus
    Ein transzendentales Gegenargument
    Erschienen: 2002
    Verlag:  Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, Berlin

    Wenn sich der Utilitarist nicht vorsieht, fällt seine moralische Theorie einem transzendentalen Gegenargument zum Opfer. Dieses Argument richtet sich gegen Handlungsutilitaristen, die ihre Theorie auf einer Ebene der idealen Normen ingangsetzen... mehr

    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Universitätsbibliothek, Jacob-und-Wilhelm-Grimm-Zentrum
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    Wenn sich der Utilitarist nicht vorsieht, fällt seine moralische Theorie einem transzendentalen Gegenargument zum Opfer. Dieses Argument richtet sich gegen Handlungsutilitaristen, die ihre Theorie auf einer Ebene der idealen Normen ingangsetzen wollen, indem sie sich bei der Theorieformulierung auf einen idealisierten Akteur stützen, der keinen kognitiven oder motivationalen Beschränkungen unterworfen ist. Das Argument besagt, dass ein solcher idealer Akteur unmöglich Utilitarist sein kann: Der ideale utilitaristische Akteur müsste sein gesamtes Verhalten an der utilitaristischen Maximierungsregel ausrichten – also auch sein gesamtes verbales Verhalten. Wer sich aber beim Sprechen immer konsequent am Utilitarismus orientiert (statt an den sprachlichen Regeln, die für die verschiedenen Sprechakttypen einschlägig sind), vollzieht in Wirklichkeit keine der uns bekannten Sprechakte, sondern eine völlig neue Sorte von Sprechakt (der den tröstenden Worten ähnelt, die wir nach einer Beerdigung den Hinterbliebenen spenden). Kurz, ideale utilitaristische Akteure können keine Behauptungen oder Meinungen äußern. Wenn sie nun keine Meinungen äußern können, dann können sie auch keine Meinungen haben (Privatsprachenargument). Aber Utilitaristen müssen Meinungen haben: Utilitaristen müssen deshalb tun, was sie tun, weil sie meinen, dass dies die besten Konsequenzen zeitigen wird. Damit führt die Annahme, es gäbe ideale utilitaristische Akteure, in einen Widerspruch. Das Argument ist ein transzendentales Argument: Durch konsequent utilitaristisches Redeverhalten entzieht sich der Utilitarist die sprachlichen Bedingungen der Möglichkeit, die dafür nötig sind, dass er überhaupt Utilitarist sein kann. Let us imagine an ideal ethical agent, i.e., an agent who (i) holds a certain ethical theory, (ii) has all factual knowledge needed for determining which action among those open to her is right and which is wrong, according to her theory, and who (iii) is ideally motivated to really do whatever her ethical theory demands her to do (even when she speaks). If we grant that the notions of omniscience and ideal motivation both make sense, we may ask: Could there possibly be an ideal utilitarian, that is, an ideal ethical agent whose ethical theory says that our only moral obligation consists in maximizing utility? I claim that an ideal agent cannot be utilitarian. An ideal utilitarian cannot entertain or communicate the beliefs necessary to being a utilitarian. For if every speech act from her mouth maximizes utility, she cannot be interpreted to utter assertions at all. Her very moral theory undermines the conditions necessary for entertaining it. Peer Reviewed

     

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    Beteiligt: Hogrebe, Wolfram (Hrsg.)
    Sprache: Deutsch
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    ISBN: 3-9806762-2-6
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    Übergeordneter Titel: Grenzen und Grenzüberschreitungen; Bonn : Sinclair Press; ,2002, Seiten 107-115
    Weitere Schlagworte: Utilitarismus; Idealnorm; Idealer Akteur; Radikale Übersetzung; Radikale Interpretation; Prinzip des Wohlwollens; Transzendentales Argument; Behauptung; Lüge; Willard Van Orman Quine; Donald Davidson; Dieter Birnbacher; utilitarianism; ideal level of ethical thought; ideal agent; radical translation; radical interpretation; principle of charity; transcendental argument; assertion; lying; Willard Van Orman Quine; Donald Davidson; Dieter Birnbacher; Philosophie
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dieser elektronische Text wird hier nicht in der Form wiedergegeben, in der er auf Papier erschienen ist. Zwar gibt es keine inhaltlichen Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Erscheinungsformen der Texte, wohl aber kleinere sprachliche Unterschiede. Das Original findet sich in Wolfram Hogrebe (ed): Grenzen und Grenzüberschreitungen. XIX. Deutscher Kongress für Philosophie - Sektionsbeiträge. (Bonn: Sinclair Press, 2002), pp. 107-115.

  22. A Transcendental Argument against Utilitarianism
    Erschienen: 1998
    Verlag:  Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, Berlin

    Der Handlungs-Utilitarismus lässt sich mithilfe eines neuen, transzendentalen Arguments widerlegen: Wer stets den Nutzen maximiert, auch beim Reden, der kann seine moralische Position (aus interpretationstheoretischen Gründen) weder formulieren noch... mehr

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    Der Handlungs-Utilitarismus lässt sich mithilfe eines neuen, transzendentalen Arguments widerlegen: Wer stets den Nutzen maximiert, auch beim Reden, der kann seine moralische Position (aus interpretationstheoretischen Gründen) weder formulieren noch haben – der Utilitarismus unterminiert die Bedingungen der Möglichkeit seiner eigenen Artikulation. In Abschnitt I charakterisiere ich die Form von Utilitarismus, um die es gehen wird – Handlungs-Utilitarismus auf der idealen Ebene des ethischen Denkens. In Abschnitt II werde ich einen älteren Widerlegungsversuch dieses idealen Akt-Utilitarismus vorstellen und entkräften. Er stammt von Hodgson und ähnelt meinem Argument. Wer Hodgsons Widerlegungsversuch entrinnen will, ist gut beraten, sich auf eine Sprachphilosophie à la Quine einzulassen. Im Abschnitt III tritt Quines Prinzip des Wohlwollens ("principle of charity") auf den Plan. Hier werde ich mithilfe dreier Gedankenexperimente die Beweistechniken vorführen, die meinem Argument zugrundeliegen. Das Argument selber formuliere ich in Abschnitt IV. Ich werde zeigen, dass handlungsutilitaristische Akteure weder Versprechen noch Behauptungen formulieren können. Diese These werde ich in Abschnitt V gegen sechs kleinere Einwände und in Abschnitt VI gegen einen gewichtigen Einwand verteidigen. Im Abschnitt VII werde ich das Argument vervollständigen. I want to explore a new way of refuting act-utilitarianism. My claim is that nobody maximizing utility can possibly be said to believe in act-utilitarianism. In section I, I shall circumscribe the sort of utilitarianism with which we'll be concerned: Act-utilitarianism on the ideal level of ethical thought. Section II is devoted to an earlier attempt of refuting act-utilitarianism, which resembles the argument from this paper. I shall try to show that the proposed refutation (due to Hodgson) is not convincing because it leaves out half of the story. In that section, I shall also motivate the theoretical (Quinean) background of my own argument. The main hero of section III will be Quine's principle of charity; we'll be concerned with three preliminary thought experiments so as to become familiar with the dialectical techniques that will be needed for refuting act-utilitarianism. The core of my paper can be found in section IV. I shall demonstrate that act-utilitarian agents can express neither promises nor assertions. After having defended the latter claim (as regards assertions) against six small objections (section V) and one big objection (section VI), I shall complete my argument in section VII. Peer Reviewed

     

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    ISSN: 0038-4283
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    Übergeordneter Titel: The Southern Journal of Philosophy; , 2003; 41,1998,2, Seiten 241-259
    Weitere Schlagworte: Utilitarismus; ideale Ebene des ethischen Denkens; Idealnorm; idealer Akteur; radikale Übersetzung; radikale Interpretation; Prinzip des Wohlwollens; Externalismus; transzendentales Argument; Möglichkeitsbedingung; Behauptung; Lüge; Versprechen; Gehirn im Tank; Skeptizismus; Hilary Putnam; W.V.O. Quine; Donald Davidson; Dieter Birnbacher; Richard Hare; D.H. Hodgson; David Lewis; Peter Singer; utilitarianism; ideal level of ethical thought; ideal agent; radical interpretation; principle of charity; externalism; transcendental argument; assertion; lying; promise; brain in a vat; skepticism; Hilary Putnam; W.V.O. Quine; Donald Davidson; Dieter Birnbacher; Richard Hare; D.H. Hodgson; David Lewis; Peter Singer; Philosophie
    Bemerkung(en):

    This is a modified version of a paper originally presented on September 16th at the "Fifth Karlovy Vary Symposion on Analytic Philosophy (Swimming in XYZ, Supervised by Hilary Putnam, September 14th-18th, 1998)." A shortened version appeared in The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 41 No. 2 (June 2003), pp. 241-259.

  23. Utilitarianism is implied by social and individual dominance
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The expectation of a sum of utilities is a core criterion for evaluating policies and social welfare under variable population and social risk. Our contribution is to show that a previously unrecognized combination of weak assumptions yields general... mehr

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    The expectation of a sum of utilities is a core criterion for evaluating policies and social welfare under variable population and social risk. Our contribution is to show that a previously unrecognized combination of weak assumptions yields general versions of this criterion, both in fixed-population and in variable-population settings. We show that two dimensions of weak dominance (over risk and individuals) characterize a social welfare function with two dimensions of additive separability. So social expected utility emerges merely from social statewise dominance (given other axioms). Moreover, additive utilitarianism, in the variable-population setting, arises from a new, weak form of individual stochastic dominance with two attractive properties: It only applies to lives certain to exist (so it does not compare life against non-existence), and it avoids prominent egalitarian objections to utilitarianism by only applying if certain correlations are preserved. Our result provides a foundation for evaluating climate change, growth, and depopulation.

     

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    hdl: 10419/282688
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16561
    Schlagworte: social risk; variable population; utilitarianism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten)
  24. The animal-welfare levy
    Erschienen: January 2024
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1503
    Schlagworte: Animal welfare; meat; Pigouvian taxation; utilitarianism; life worth living; quality-adjusted life years; population ethics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. A utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  Univ., Inst. für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Lüneburg

    We develop and formalize a utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability which is inspired by Singer‟s (1972) principle and the Brundtland Commission‟s notion of sustainability (WCED 1987). We relate this notion of responsibility to... mehr

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    We develop and formalize a utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability which is inspired by Singer‟s (1972) principle and the Brundtland Commission‟s notion of sustainability (WCED 1987). We relate this notion of responsibility to established criteria for the assessment of intertemporal societal choice, namely Pareto-efficiency, (discounted) utilitarian welfare maximization, and Brundtland-sustainability. Using a two-generationsresource- model, we find the following. Sustainability and responsibility for sustainability are equivalent if and only if sustainability is feasible. If it is not, there still exists a responsible allocation which is also Pareto-efficient. Further, the utilitarian welfare maximum without discounting always fulfills the criterion of responsibility. Discounting may be responsible to a certain extent if sustainability is feasible. If sustainability is not feasible, discounting is not responsible. We develop and formalize a utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability which is inspired by Singer's (1972) principle and the Brundtland Commission's notion ofsustainability (WCED 1987). We relate this notion of responsibility to established criteria forthe assessment of intertemporal societal choice, namely Pareto-efficiency, (discounted) utilitarian welfare maximization, and Brundtland-sustainability. Using a two-generationsresource-model, we find the following. Sustainability and responsibility for sustainability are equivalent if and only if sustainability is feasible. If it is not, there still exists a responsible allocation which is also Pareto-efficient. Further, the utilitarian welfare maximum without discounting always fulfills the criterion of responsibility. Discounting may be responsible to a certain extent if sustainability is feasible. If sustainability is not feasible, discounting is not responsible. -- basic needs ; Brundtland ; discounting ; ethics ; natural resources ; Pareto efficiency ; responsibility ; Singer ; sustainability ; utilitarianism

     

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    hdl: 10419/57167
    Schriftenreihe: University of Lüneburg Working Paper Series in Economics ; 234
    Schlagworte: Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Verantwortung; Utilitarismus; Grundbedürfnisse; Diskontierung; Pareto-Optimum; Theorie; Sustainability Science; basic needs; Brundtland; discounting; ethics; natural resources; Pareto efficiency; responsibility; Singer; sustainability; utilitarianism; Economics
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 18 S., 508,01 KB), graph. Darst.