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  1. Sustainable finance and fintech: can technology contribute to achieving environmental goals?
    a preliminary assessment of "Green Fintech"
    Autor*in: Macchiavello, Eugenia; Siri, Michele
    Erschienen: 13/08/2020
    Verlag:  European Banking Institute e.V., Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    The Fintech Action Plan (see now also Digital Finance Strategy) and the Sustainable Finance Strategy both represent important pillars of the current EU policy agenda. Nonetheless, the two areas have been treated as separate for a long time, while... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    The Fintech Action Plan (see now also Digital Finance Strategy) and the Sustainable Finance Strategy both represent important pillars of the current EU policy agenda. Nonetheless, the two areas have been treated as separate for a long time, while they present certain common features and great potential when combined. In particular, Fintech appears able to respond to some shortcomings in the current sustainable finance framework (e.g. access to retail financing, ESG disclosure, verification and ratings, etc.). The relevance of the link between sustainability, finance and technology has also been evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, which has urged all countries to re-think the models traditionally deployed and rely more on technology and sustainability. However, Fintech still raises per se relevant legal issues that need to be addressed to fulfil its promises and potential in the sustainable finance sector. The present paper aims at starting a debate about “Green Fintech” in order to effectively connect the two worlds and spur the research in such a new and promising area

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
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    Schriftenreihe: EBI working paper series ; no. 71 (2020)
    European Banking Institute Working Paper Series 2020 – ; no. 71
    Schlagworte: Fintech; Sustainable finance; EcoLabel; blockchain; DLT; artificial intelligence; algorithms; big data; ESG factors; sustainability rating; sustainable development goals; transparency; non-financial disclosure; fiduciary duties; crowdfunding
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  2. Local governance quality and law compliance
    the case of Mozambican firms
    Autor*in: Berkel, Hanna; Estmann, Christian; Rand, John
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Using panel data of manufacturing enterprises in Mozambique between 2012 and 2017, we investigate how changes in perceived quality of governance are related to firms' law compliance. Controlling for firm-level unobserved heterogeneity, we look at... mehr

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Using panel data of manufacturing enterprises in Mozambique between 2012 and 2017, we investigate how changes in perceived quality of governance are related to firms' law compliance. Controlling for firm-level unobserved heterogeneity, we look at three aspects of governance and their components: transparency, security, and infrastructure. We examine which of these have the potential to alter firm compliance behaviour. We find that enterprises' perceptions of transparency are key to law abidance. In particular, higher predictability of changes in the law, better access to legal documents, and regular meetings with state officials improve firm compliance rates. Thus, we confirm results showing that more political participation and government openness increase compliance with regulations, even in a non-democratic context. Additionally, we test whether political legitimacy acts as a mediator or a moderator in this governance-compliance relationship, but find no clear evidence of this being the case. However, we do confirm that legitimacy has an independent effect on firms' compliance with regulations in the context of Mozambique.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789292670672
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248341
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 127
    Schlagworte: governance; transparency; law compliance; firms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Building regulatory policy systems in OECD countries
    Autor*in: Arndt-Bascle, Christiane; Hermanutz, Sarah; Kauffmann, Céline; Schultz, Rebecca
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This paper exploits the rich dataset collected in the context of the 2014 Regulatory Indicators Survey to analyse how countries put in place the building blocks of their regulatory policy systems. It complements the 2015 OECD Regulatory Policy... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    This paper exploits the rich dataset collected in the context of the 2014 Regulatory Indicators Survey to analyse how countries put in place the building blocks of their regulatory policy systems. It complements the 2015 OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook by systematically examining country practices in the areas of regulatory impact assessment, stakeholder consultation and ex post evaluation of regulations. In particular, it seeks to inform discussions about the sequencing of measures in implementing policy in these three areas, through the adoption of legal requirements, the development of appropriate methodology, the establishment of transparency mechanisms and of oversight and quality control. In order to provide concrete illustration and lay the ground for practical reform advice, the paper identifies groupings of countries around the emphasis they put on each of these tools.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD regulatory policy working papers ; no. 5
    Schlagworte: evidence-based decision making; regulatory impact assessment; ex post evaluation; stakeholder engagement; transparency; open government; Governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Clear, consistent and engaging
    ECB monetary policy communication in a changing world
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    This paper examines the importance of central bank communication in ensuring the effectiveness of monetary policy and in underpinning the credibility, accountability and legitimacy of independent central banks. It documents how communication has... mehr

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    This paper examines the importance of central bank communication in ensuring the effectiveness of monetary policy and in underpinning the credibility, accountability and legitimacy of independent central banks. It documents how communication has become a monetary policy tool in itself; one example of this being forward guidance, given its impact on inflation expectations, economic behaviour and inflation. The paper explains why and how consistent, clear and effective communication to expert and non-expert audiences is essential in an environment of an ever-increasing need by central banks to reach these audiences. Central banks must also meet the demand for more understandable information about policies and tools, while at the same time overcoming the challenge posed by the wider public’s rational inattention. Since the European Central Bank was established, the communications landscape has changed dramatically and continues to evolve. This paper outlines how better communication, including greater engagement with the wider public, could help boost people’s understanding of and trust in the Eurosystem.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289948289
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246205
    Schriftenreihe: Occasional paper series / European Central Bank ; no 274 (September 2021)
    ECB strategy review
    Schlagworte: central bank; forward guidance; transparency; accountability; trust
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (86 Seiten), Diagramme
  5. Information integrity and information pollution
    vulnerabilities and impact on social cohesion and democracy in Mexico
    Autor*in: Breuer, Anita
    Erschienen: 2024
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Equal access to reliable information is essential for democracy and social cohesion. The rise of information pollution, particularly in digital spaces, poses significant challenges to democratic societies worldwide. While extensive research has... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Equal access to reliable information is essential for democracy and social cohesion. The rise of information pollution, particularly in digital spaces, poses significant challenges to democratic societies worldwide. While extensive research has focused on its impact in developed, English-speaking democracies, there is a gap in understanding its effects in younger democracies, conflict zones, and less developed contexts. This study fills that gap by analysing Mexico as a case study. Based on interviews with Mexican media professionals, public sector officials, academics and human rights defenders, the study provides insights on the root causes of the problem and and strategies to combat information pollution, safeguard democracy, and promote social cohesion, underscoring the urgency of proactive measures both within Mexico and on a global scale in Mexico, information pollution significantly threatens the country's social cohesion and democratic principles. Structural conditions like poverty, inequality, violence, corruption, and media landscape issues enable societal vulnerability to digital information pollution. Factors directly driving information pollution include the exploitation of digital spaces by drug cartels, divisive narratives against marginalised groups, an increasingly media-hostile environment as well as the incumbent government’s post-factual approach to reality and politics. Information pollution has fostered a polarised discours, contributed to eroding trust in traditional media and amplified identity-based societal cleavages. It weakens the deliberative, participatory and liberal dimensions of democracy dimensions by decreasing the quality of public debate, damaging civil society watchdog roles, and reducing government transparency and accountability. Recommendations for Mexico encompass enhancing public resilience to information through civic education and targeted communication campaigns, empowering media capacity, and fortifying an open data culture in the Mexican public sector. Internationally, efforts should address elite-driven information pollution by reinforcing independent accountability institutions and leveraging diplomatic and economic incentives against leaders attacking these institutions.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283129
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2024, 2
    Schlagworte: Politisches System; Gesellschaftsordnung; Information; Zugang; Social Media; Populismus; Polarisierung; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Demokratie; Wert; Soziale Gerechtigkeit; Resilienz; Transparenz; Politischer Prozess; Politische Bildung; Verantwortlichkeit; Mexico; access to information; transparency; digitalisation; democracy; social cohesion; social media; disinformation; polarisation; information pollution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 47 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  6. 2015 indicators of regulatory policy and governance
    design, methodology and key results
    Autor*in: Arndt-Bascle, Christiane; Baker, Antonia Custance; Querbach, Tobias; Schultz, Rebecca
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This paper presents the methodology, key results and statistical analysis of the 2015 Indicators for Regulatory Policy Governance (iREG) to complement the OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2015. Three composite indicators were constructed corresponding... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Standort:
    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper presents the methodology, key results and statistical analysis of the 2015 Indicators for Regulatory Policy Governance (iREG) to complement the OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2015. Three composite indicators were constructed corresponding to three key principles of the 2012 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance: Regulatory Impact Assessment; stakeholder engagement; and ex post evaluation. This paper explains the process by which the indicators were developed, presents main results, and outcomes of different sensitivity analyses that were performed to test the robustness of the methodology, including principal components analysis, Monte Carlo analysis and weight-sensitivity analysis.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD regulatory policy working papers ; no. 1
    Schlagworte: evaluation; consultation; composite indicators; regulatory impact assessment; transparency; oversight; Governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Treacherous transparencies
    thoughts and observations triggered by a visit to Farnsworth House
    Autor*in: Herzog, Jacques; Taut, Bruno
    Erschienen: [2016]
    Verlag:  IITAC, Chicago, IL

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Meuron, Pierre <<de>>
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    ISBN: 9781945150111; 1945150114
    Weitere Identifier:
    9781945150111
    RVK Klassifikation: ZH 3150 ; ZH 4740
    DDC Klassifikation: Architektur (720)
    Schlagworte: Architektur; Transparenz; ; Haus Farnsworth <Plano, Ill.>; Transparenz; Kunst; Architektur; Ästhetik; Architekturtheorie;
    Weitere Schlagworte: Bruno Taut; Gerhard Richter; Marcel Duchamp; Mies van der Rohe; artistic strategy; glass; mirror; transparency
    Umfang: 95 Seiten, Illustrationen, 20 cm x 14 cm, 233 g
  8. A toolkit to strengthen government budget surveillance
    Autor*in: Pedregal, Diego J.; Pérez, Javier J.; Sánchez-Fuentes, A. Jesús
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Banco de España, Madrid

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 1416
    Schlagworte: government accountability; transparency; fiscal Forecasting
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Zusammenfassung in spanischer Sprache
  9. Public versus secret voting in committees
    Autor*in: Mattozzi, Andrea; Nakaguma, Marcos Yamada
    Erschienen: 29 May 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP17336
    Schlagworte: Committees; voting; Career-Concern; transparency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Donor action for empowerment and accountability in Nigeria
    Autor*in: Aremu, Fatai A.
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, United Kingdom

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781781189627
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.12413/17240
    Schriftenreihe: IDS working paper ; volume 2022, number 565
    Schlagworte: Donor-funded programmes; transparency; accountability; citizen engagement; public resources; budget planning; Jigawa; Kaduna
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Accountability and responsiveness in managing Covid-19 in Bangladesh
    Autor*in: Chowdhury, Shuvra; Hossain, Naomi
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, United Kingdom

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    ISBN: 9781781189856
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.12413/17373
    Schriftenreihe: IDS working paper ; volume 2022, number 568
    Schlagworte: Accountability; Bangladesh; Covid-19; governance; responsiveness; transparency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Opacity in bargaining over public good provision
    Autor*in: Lamprecht, Julian; Thum, Marcel
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We consider ultimatum bargaining over the provision of a public good. Offer-maker and responder can delegate their decisions to agents, whose actual decision rules are opaque. We show that the responder will benefit from strategic opacity, even with... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We consider ultimatum bargaining over the provision of a public good. Offer-maker and responder can delegate their decisions to agents, whose actual decision rules are opaque. We show that the responder will benefit from strategic opacity, even with bilateral delegation. The incomplete information created by strategic opacity choices does not lead to inefficient negotiation failure in equilibrium. Inefficiencies arise from an inefficient provision level. While an agreement will always be reached, the public good provision will, however, fall short of the socially desirable level. Compared to unilateral delegation, bilateral delegation is never worse from a welfare perspective.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263801
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9871 (2022)
    Schlagworte: public good provision; transparency; opacity; bargaining; incomplete information; delegation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Transparenz bei ÖPP im Infrastrukturbereich
    eine institutionenökonomische Analyse
    Autor*in: Ryndin, Andrej
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Fachhochschule Erfurt, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Universität Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover
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    Bibliothek im Kurt-Schwitters-Forum
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Hochschule Osnabrück, Bibliothek Campus Westerberg
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Standort Stendal, Bibliothek
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    UB Weimar
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    Beteiligt: Beckers, Thorsten (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Hirschhausen, Christian R. von (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Rodi, Michael (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11303/12796
    Schlagworte: Transparenz; IFG; ÖPP; Infrastruktur; Projektdokumente; transparency; German FoIA; PPP; infrastructure; project documents
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 374 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin, 2020
  14. Structured additive regression and tree boosting
    Autor*in: Mayer, Michael; Bourassa, Steven C.; Hoesli, Martin; Scognamiglio, Donato
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Swiss Finance Institute, Geneva

    Structured additive regression (STAR) models are a rich class of regression models that include the generalized linear model (GLM) and the generalized additive model (GAM). STAR models can be fitted by Bayesian approaches, component-wise gradient... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Structured additive regression (STAR) models are a rich class of regression models that include the generalized linear model (GLM) and the generalized additive model (GAM). STAR models can be fitted by Bayesian approaches, component-wise gradient boosting, penalized least-squares, and deep learning. Using feature interaction constraints, we show that such models can be implemented also by the gradient boosting powerhouses XGBoost and LightGBM, thereby benefiting from their excellent predictive capabilities. Furthermore, we show how STAR models can be used for supervised dimension reduction and explain under what circumstances covariate effects of such models can be described in a transparent way. We illustrate the methodology with case studies pertaining to house price modeling, with very encouraging results regarding both interpretability and predictive performance

     
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Version of September 17, 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper series / Swiss Finance Institute ; no 21, 83
    Schlagworte: machine learning; structured additive regression; gradient boosting; interpretability; transparency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Aversion to hiring algorithms
    transparency, gender profiling, and self-confidence
    Autor*in: Dargnies, Marie-Pierre; Hakimov, Rustamdjan; Kübler, Dorothea
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are either in the role of workers or of managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2.... mehr

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    We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are either in the role of workers or of managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2. They choose whether the hiring decision between themselves and another worker is made either by a participant in the role of a manager or by an algorithm. In a second set of experiments, managers choose whether they want to delegate their hiring decisions to the algorithm. In the baseline treatments, we observe that workers choose the manager more often than the algorithm, and managers also prefer to make the hiring decisions themselves rather than delegate them to the algorithm. When the algorithm does not use workers' gender to predict their job task performance and workers know this, they choose the algorithm more often. Providing details on how the algorithm works does not increase the preference for the algorithm, neither for workers nor for managers. Providing feedback to managers about their performance in hiring the best workers increases their preference for the algorithm, as managers are, on average, overconfident.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9968 (2022)
    Schlagworte: lgorithm aversion; experiment; hiring discrimination; transparency
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  16. Looking ahead to COP27 - from climate pledges to action
    the Global Methane Pledge - opportunities and risks
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The global energy transition is happening, but too slowly to limit climate change to acceptable levels, for diverse reasons. Carbon emissions policies and measures focus too little on absolute emission targets and too much on relative measures such... mehr

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    The global energy transition is happening, but too slowly to limit climate change to acceptable levels, for diverse reasons. Carbon emissions policies and measures focus too little on absolute emission targets and too much on relative measures such as carbon intensity. Focus is needed on early emission reduction actions, while current efforts aim to for carbon neutrality at a distant date. High-profile listed companies disposing of high-carbon-emitting assets to unlisted organizations ('hand-me-down assets') is reducing transparency on emissions and emissionsreducing investments. Measuring emissions using satellite remote-sensing technologies can reduce reliance on self-reporting and should thus be a public good not subject to corporate confidentiality or other commercial restrictions. More integration of existing assets in decarbonization efforts is needed; the largest positive impact on climate and health now would come from having such assets emit less. More recognition is needed that measures suited to developed high-income countries/regions may not work as well in developing low- and middle-income countries. Cutting methane emissions is the most immediate way to slow the rate of global warming, even as progress is made on decarbonizing energy systems. Any reprieve over the next decade from reaching a global temperature rise-and potential tipping point-of 1.5 °C is vital while morechallenging policy commitments are implemented. Reducing wasteful natural gas flaring would be an immediate way to cut methane emissions. It requires urgent co-ordinated action by oil- and gasproducing countries, donors, multilateral development banks, and countries hosting satellite data companies, with the International Monetary Fund taking a leadership role through its surveillance and capacity development work. Tackling methane emissions is especially significant since it contributes to meeting other development priorities, such as generating government revenue (by penalties and gas sales), improving health (by reducing air pollution), and helping to deliver greater energy access (by using rather than wasting the gas).

     
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    ISBN: 9789292672645
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 131
    Schlagworte: natural gas; methane; emissions; health; air pollution; technologies; transparency
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  17. Disclosing dissent in monetary policy committees
    Autor*in: Filáček, Jan; Kokešová Matějková, Lucie
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  Czech National Bank, Economic Research Division, Praha

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    Schriftenreihe: Research and policy notes / Czech National Bank ; 2022,2
    Schlagworte: Central bank communication; dissent; minutes; monetary policy committees; transparency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten)
  18. The end of Londongrad?
    the impact of beneficial ownership transparency on offshore investment in UK property
    Autor*in: Collin, Matthew; Hollenbach, Florian M.; Szakonyi, David
    Erschienen: January 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    The United Kingdom's (UK) property markets are thought to be a common destination for corrupt and criminal assets and money laundering, with investment often through offshore shell companies. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, we... mehr

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    The United Kingdom's (UK) property markets are thought to be a common destination for corrupt and criminal assets and money laundering, with investment often through offshore shell companies. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, we study the impact of the introduction of a policy in the UK intended to increase transparency and eliminate the anonymous ownership of property by requiring offshore companies to file their ultimate beneficial owners on a public register. We find that new purchases by companies based in tax havens fell substantially following government announcements that the policy would be introduced that year, and further declined following the establishment of a register of ownership. While the policy has effectively led the offshore market to stall, £44-76 billion worth of UK real estate is still owned by companies based in tax havens, most of which have yet to comply with their reporting obligations. We do not find strong evidence of price effects nor substitution into ownership through suspicious domestic companies, although larger movements may manifest as firms react to the finalization of the policy in early 2023.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 11
    Schlagworte: money laundering; real estate; beneficial ownership; transparency; invasion of Ukraine
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Does combating corruption reduce clientelism?
    Autor*in: Bobonis, Gustavo J.; Gertler, Paul J.; González-Navarro, Marco; Nichter, Simeon
    Erschienen: May 17, 2023
    Verlag:  University of Toronto, Department of Economics, [Toronto]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / University of Toronto, Department of Economics ; 752
    Schlagworte: Wahlkampf; Korruption; Anti-Korruption; Patronage; Governance-Ansatz; Brasilien; political clientelism; audits; transparency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Transparent app design reduces excessive usage time and increases willingness to pay compared to common behavioral design - a framed field experiment
    Autor*in: Timko, Christina; Adena, Maja
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

    Smartphone app designers often use behavioral design to influence users, increase sales, and boost advertising revenue. Behavioral design relies on elements ranging from app appearance to black-box algorithms and personalization. It commonly exploits... mehr

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    Smartphone app designers often use behavioral design to influence users, increase sales, and boost advertising revenue. Behavioral design relies on elements ranging from app appearance to black-box algorithms and personalization. It commonly exploits behavioral biases, such as the lack of self-control. Consumers are seldom aware of such design and usually have no control over it. Aiming to protect consumers, the recently enacted European Digital Services Act requires app design to be more transparent and adjustable. In a framed field experiment, we document that behavioral design increases app usage time, especially in the case of vulnerable users. An app version that adds transparency and offers protection features helps to overcome temptation. The higher willingness to pay for the transparent version shows that the positive effects of app transparency and increased consumer protection might not only materialize on the demand side but may also challenge current practices on the supply side.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / WZB, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Research Area: Markets and Choice, Research Unit: Economics of Change ; SP II 2023, 302 (June 2023)
    Schlagworte: smartphone app; filtering algorithm; transparency; consumer protection; field experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten)
  21. Trade facilitation and global value chains in a post-pandemic world
    Autor*in: Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the effects of the implementation of trade facilitation (TF) measures on international trade flows and on participation in global value chains (GVCs). Second, it provides policy... mehr

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    The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the effects of the implementation of trade facilitation (TF) measures on international trade flows and on participation in global value chains (GVCs). Second, it provides policy recommendations for developing Asia and the Pacific derived from model estimations. The main focus is to disentangle the effectiveness of a wide range of TF actions taken at a country level and see whether these have paved the way toward more sustainable trade flows. The data used are from the UN Global Surveys on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, covering 144 countries worldwide for the years 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021. The empirical estimations obtained from a gravity model of trade indicate that TF measures related to transparency, institutions, and formalities are of utmost importance, whereas sustainable TF actions are still in their infancy, and more data are needed for a proper evaluation of their effectiveness. Moreover, the implementation of TF is related to reductions in the time and cost to export and import as well as to improvements in logistic performance. There are several policy recommendations and implications for developing Asia and the Pacific concerning TF, trade, and GVCs: first, transparency policies will increase trade in manufactured goods more than proportionally, especially in low-income countries in Asia (such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Nepal, and Timor-Leste); second, improving the quality of TF-related institutions will foster participation in global value chains; and finally, for small islands in the Pacific (Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu), public investments directed at improving their logistics performance would be of special relevance.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1378 (May 2023)
    Schlagworte: trade facilitation agreement; paperless trade; transparency; customs; exports; gravity model; GVCs
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  22. Indicators of illicit activities in gold supply chains
    insights from Peru and Kenya
    Autor*in: Smith, Nicole M.; Seguin, Kady; Saka, U. Mete; Duzgun, Sebnem; Soud, David; White, Jenna
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Illicit gold flows constitute a major development challenge for governments and a social responsibility challenge for the jewellery industry, which accounts for the majority of global gold demand. This paper highlights aspects of gold supply chains... mehr

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    Illicit gold flows constitute a major development challenge for governments and a social responsibility challenge for the jewellery industry, which accounts for the majority of global gold demand. This paper highlights aspects of gold supply chains that lack transparency and may indicate junctures where illicit activities are taking place, resulting in a loss of tax and customs revenues. Using Peru and Kenya as case study countries, we draw from United Nations Comtrade data and qualitative data from field research to examine the magnitude of the gold trade, the forms in which gold is traded, and key trade partners for each country. We suggest that midstream portions of gold supply chains should be given more attention, certain types of gold exports and imports present greater traceability challenges than others, and some countries play a much more significant role in the global jewellery trade. We propose areas where further investigations may be warranted to ensure more transparent and responsible gold supply chains.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292673765
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    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 68
    Schlagworte: gold supply chains; Peru; Kenya; trade discrepancies; transparency; responsibility
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  23. Strategic investment tax incentives in africa
    the case of tax holidays in uganda
    Autor*in: Waiswa, Ronald; Rukundo, Solomon
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  The International Centre for Tax and Development at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK

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    ISBN: 9781804701065
    Schriftenreihe: ICTD working paper ; 161
    Schlagworte: Africa; Uganda; taxation; exemptions; investment; transparency; good governance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  24. Corruption, government efficiency and tax compliance
    evidence from an experimental survey using facebook in Chile
    Autor*in: Pierri, Gastón; Jarquín, María José; De Michele, Roberto; Dassen, Nicolás
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  IDB, Inter-American Development Bank, [Washington, DC]

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IDB, Inter-American Development Bank ; no IDB-DP-951
    Schlagworte: social networks; tax behavior; perception of corruption; corruption; perception of government effectiveness; transparency; tax evasion
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  25. Nudging: an experiment on transparency, controlling for reactance and decision time
    Autor*in: Schütze, Tobias; Spitzer, Carsten; Wichardt, Philipp C.
    Erschienen: August 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Is being informed about nudging detrimental to the effect of the nudge? This paper reports results from an experimental study (n = 623) testing the effects of transparency on the effectiveness of a default nudge while controlling for reactance and... mehr

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    Is being informed about nudging detrimental to the effect of the nudge? This paper reports results from an experimental study (n = 623) testing the effects of transparency on the effectiveness of a default nudge while controlling for reactance and decision time. Overall, the data show that more people follow the default if the nudge is made transparent. More importantly, though, effects of transparency differ depending on whether people are fast or slow in their decision making. In particular, (only) slow decision makers react more positively (keeping the default) if nudging is made transparent. Moreover, the data also show an interaction of reactance and decision time in that more reactant subjects making slower decisions respond more negatively (i.e. leave the default more often). Thus, a positive effect of transparency as well as a negative impact of reactance can be established in the data if decision time is accounted for.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10599 (2023)
    Schlagworte: nudging; transparency; reactance; decision time
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