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  1. Cultivating political and public identity: Why plumage matters
    Autor*in: Barker, Rodney
    Erschienen: 2017
    Verlag:  Manchester University Press

    "Throughout the twentieth century, everyone from Marxists to economic individualists assumed that social and political activity was driven by the rational pursuit of material gain. Today, the fundamental importance of the cultivation and preservation... mehr

     

    "Throughout the twentieth century, everyone from Marxists to economic individualists assumed that social and political activity was driven by the rational pursuit of material gain. Today, the fundamental importance of the cultivation and preservation of identity is finally re-emerging. In this book, Rodney Barker explores the rich fabric of speech, dress, diet and the built environment from which human identity is made. The colour of a scarf or the accent of a conversation can unite people or divide them, and the smallest detail can play its part in signalling who are allies and who are enemies. Identity simultaneously generates equality and inequality – it is both the engine of public life and the cause of its confusion and conflict – and a better understanding of its subtleties is crucial if we are to confront the tensions that it produces in society.

     

    Synthesising methods and ideas from numerous disciplines – including history, political science, anthropology, law and sociology – Barker presents a picture of human life as more than just a collection of material interests. His ultimate aim is to show that no human activity is trivial or meaningless, that everything counts and plumage matters."

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schlagworte: Social & cultural history; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography; Political science & theory
    Weitere Schlagworte: citizenship; speech; community; politics; identity politics; dress; religion; food; identity; social cohesion
    Umfang: 1 electronic resource (272 p.)
  2. Aid and social cohesion
    Autor*in: Danquah, Michael; Ouattara, Bazoumana
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    A plethora of work has been done on the effectiveness of foreign aid. However, virtually none of the previous studies has investigated the impact of aid on social cohesion. Yet, in order to promote the achievement of the targets in SDG 16, donors and... mehr

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    A plethora of work has been done on the effectiveness of foreign aid. However, virtually none of the previous studies has investigated the impact of aid on social cohesion. Yet, in order to promote the achievement of the targets in SDG 16, donors and global partners of developing countries have put emphasis on social cohesion in recent decades. As a result, large amounts of development aid have been channelled into many developing countries to support the building of peaceful, just, and inclusive societies. The question is, however, can aid bolster cooperation and respect among different identity-based groups in a country? We contribute to the literature by exploring the effect of development aid on social cohesion for a relatively large panel of aidrecipient countries. Our empirical results suggest that aid produces a strong, positive, and significant effect in improving social cohesion. Moreover, the results reveal that the effect of aid is positive and significant in countries characterized by low social cohesion but becomes insignificant in more cohesive societies. The main results are robust to various specifications, estimation procedures, and measures of aid used.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789292671082
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/248382
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 168
    Schlagworte: social cohesion; foreign aid; panel data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The preserving effect of social protection on social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic
    evidence from Kenya
    Autor*in: Strupat, Christoph
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH, Bonn

    This paper examines empirically whether social protection in the form of adapted social assistance programmes are affecting social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using unique primary data from nationally representative,... mehr

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    German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bibliothek
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    This paper examines empirically whether social protection in the form of adapted social assistance programmes are affecting social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using unique primary data from nationally representative, in-person surveys from Kenya allows for the exploration of the effect of social protection on attributes of social cohesion (trust, cooperation and identity). The analysis employs a difference-in-differences approachthat compares households with and without social assistance coverage before and after the first wave of the pandemic. The findings suggest that social assistance programmes have a preserving effect on social cohesion. Attributes of social cohesion remain stable for beneficiaries, while they decline for non-beneficiaries due to the pandemic. This result is pronounced in regions that faced larger restrictions due to government lockdown policies. Overall, the results suggest that existing national social assistance programmes and their adaptation in times of large covariate shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can be beneficial for social cohesion.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    hdl: 10419/247793
    Auflage/Ausgabe: [1st edition]
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / German Development Institute ; 2021, 33
    Schlagworte: Soziale Sicherheit; Soziale Integration; social protection; social assistance; social cohesion; COVID-19; Kenya
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
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  4. Cooperative movement and prosperity across Italian regions
    Autor*in: Costa, Michele; Delbono, Flavio; Linguiti, Francesco
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics, Bologna, Italy

    Our main objective is exploring the association between widespread prosperity and the presence of the cooperative movement at the regional level in Italy between 2010 and 2019. We summarize the widespread prosperity through an index originally... mehr

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    Our main objective is exploring the association between widespread prosperity and the presence of the cooperative movement at the regional level in Italy between 2010 and 2019. We summarize the widespread prosperity through an index originally proposed by Sen (1976) and we then perform a panel regression showing that there is a positive and significant association between such an index and the presence of the cooperative movement as captured by the relative size of cooperative employees. We also detect that the cooperative movement contributes to the regional prosperity more through its employment than in terms of the added value it generates. Moreover, the size of the cooperative presence significantly concurs to explain some large differentials among Italian regions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245902
    Schriftenreihe: Quaderni - working paper DSE / Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics ; no 1161
    Schlagworte: social cohesion; regional well-being; income inequality; resilience
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Urbanisation and rural development in developing countries
    a review of pathways and impacts
    Autor*in: Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH, Bonn

    This paper reviews the current state of literature on the impacts of urbanisation on rural development in developing countries, with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Assessments of these effects diverge greatly. While some authors see... mehr

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    This paper reviews the current state of literature on the impacts of urbanisation on rural development in developing countries, with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Assessments of these effects diverge greatly. While some authors see urbanisation as strongly benefitting rural areas, for instance, through increased demand for agricultural goods and services, others highlight negative effects, for example, through the loss of livelihoods emanating from displacements and the conversion of agricultural land. Given this complexity, a review that thoroughly analyses the causal relationships between urbanisation and rural development is warranted. To do this, this Discussion Paper identifies seven channels through which urbanisation affects rural development: i) production and consumption linkages; ii) employment linkages; iii) financial linkages; iv) land market linkages; v) information and public service linkages; vi) social interactions linkages; and vii) environmental externalities. As to the first channel, production and consumption linkages, the review suggests that urbanisation has increased demand for agricultural products and services; natural resources; commercialisation and modernisation of agricultural technologies; and smallholders’ participation in modern agricultural value chains. The employment channel suggests that rapid urbanisation is enabling the diversification of rural livelihoods by bringing new eco­nomic opportunities to rural areas, but the effects have not been uniform across countries and communities. With regard to financial linkages, flows from cities have increased in many developing countries, benefitting rural areas; yet some studies point to no or to negative effects due to reduced agricultural productivity from the loss of labour and technology, and the crowding out of investment. Land market effects are particularly heterogeneous. While urbanisation tends to drive land value up and encourages investments, there are also negative developments in terms of crowding out and speculation. As to information and public service linkages, the review suggests that urbanisation has fostered information and knowledge flows from urban areas to rural areas which have improved income, innovation, and employment. Social interactions among urban and rural citizens more generally may bridge cultural gaps, improve the flow of information, knowledge, and resources pertinent for rural economic transformation, and thereby enhance social cohesion; yet little empirical evidence exists so far in terms of effects and causalities. Finally, urbanisation affects rural development through the environmental externalities it generates: waste disposal, environ­mental degradation, and loss of biodiversity. If appropriate technologies are put in place, urbanisation can also improve waste management and soil fertility, thus reducing the cost of agricultural production. To this end, the review has identified research gaps that have important policy implications. First, although effective rural-urban planning, monitoring and evaluation of rural-urban devel­opment policies require better data, there is lack of data collection systems or their quality is poor. In this respect, investing in emerging data sources such as satellites data can help countries improve their data collection systems and measures. Second, research is needed to revise and re­formulate better theoretical frameworks that take into account the uniqueness of African urban cities. Third, empirical evidence which documents to what extent and how rural-urban linkages provide an important arena for improving social interactions among neighbours, societies, and communities is needed. Finally, as many African countries continue to experience rapid urbani­sation (mostly urban sprawl), a thorough study of the impacts of urban externalities on agri­cultural productivity, food security, biodiversity, and the health of rural communities is necessary.

     
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    hdl: 10419/253366
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / German Development Institute ; 2022, 5
    Schlagworte: Ländlicher Raum; Ländliche Entwicklung; Verstädterung; Stadt; Agrarproduktion; Rural development; urbanisation; rural-urban linkages; social cohesion; Sub-Saharan Africa; rapid review
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Birds of a feather flock together?
    diversity and the spread of COVID-19 cases in India
    Autor*in: Rathore, Udayan; Das, Upasak; Sarkhel, Prasenjit
    Erschienen: April 2021
    Verlag:  The University of Manchester Global Development Institute, Manchester

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    ISBN: 9781912607112
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Global Development Institute ; 053 (2020)
    Schlagworte: Caste; Covid-19; diversity; unlock; social cohesion; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Navigating through a pandemic amid inflation and instability
    an assessment of the socio-economic impact of Covid-19 on migrants in Eastern Sudan
    Autor*in: Jourdain, Joris; Griesmer, Elizabeth; Bertini, Raffaele
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1553 (June 2022)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; migrants; health; education; livelihoods and economic security; social cohesion; mobility; Sudan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Social contacts, neighborhoods and individual unemployment risk
    Autor*in: Poggi, Ambra
    Erschienen: May, 2022
    Verlag:  Laboratorio R. Revelli, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Torino, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Labor, Laboratorio Riccardo Revelli ; no. 180
    Schlagworte: unemployment; social contacts; neighborhoods; social cohesion; state dependence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Social cohesion and firms' access to finance in Africa
    Autor*in: Walle, Yabibal
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Social cohesion has recently gained increasing attention in academic and policy circles. Apart from being a necessary feature of stable societies per se, social cohesion is also a key factor for sustainable economic development. One potential means... mehr

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    Social cohesion has recently gained increasing attention in academic and policy circles. Apart from being a necessary feature of stable societies per se, social cohesion is also a key factor for sustainable economic development. One potential means through which social cohesion could foster economic development is by enhancing financial development. In this paper, we examine whether social cohesion is significantly associated with firms' access to finance in Africa. To this end, we use a recently constructed dataset on social cohesion in Africa, which is based on the Afrobarometer survey and the Varieties of Democracy database. The dataset contains indices for the three pillars of social cohesion - trust, inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good. Combining this dataset with that of the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we build a sample which covers more than 12,500 firms and 27 African countries. Our results show that all three components of social cohesion are positively associated with at least one measure of firms' access to external finance. In particular, trust - but not inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good - is significantly associated with the likelihood that firms have a checking or savings account, or are financially constrained. When we measure access to finance with respect to having a line of credit or a loan from a financial institution, all the three pillars of social cohesion, including inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good, are related to access to finance. The results are robust to addressing endogeneity concerns using a heteroskedasticity-based identification strategy. Overall, our results suggest that improving social cohesion (e.g. through social protection, education, strengthening civil society organisations) could do more than hold society together; it could also promote access to finance, growth of firms, and thus economic development and job creation.

     
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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263265
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2022, 9
    Schlagworte: Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Gemeinwohl; Zugang; Dienstleistung; Finanzdienstleistung; Sozioökonomischer Wandel; Access to finance; social cohesion; trust; cooperation for the common good; identity; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. A chance for optimism
    engineering the break away from the downward spiral in trust and social cohesion or keeping the fish from disappearing
    Autor*in: Ritzen, Jozef M. M.; Nillesen, Eleonora
    Erschienen: 15 August 2022
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2022, 026
    Schlagworte: social cohesion; trust; democracy; institutions; values; social media; human rights; populism; political polarization; globalization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Online versus offline
    which networks spur protests?
    Autor*in: Potrafke, Niklas; Rösel, Felix
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Does social media or offline social cohesion overcome collective action problems more effectively when both types of networks are prevalent? We investigate non-violent protests against a place-based economic reform in Austria - a country where one in... mehr

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    Does social media or offline social cohesion overcome collective action problems more effectively when both types of networks are prevalent? We investigate non-violent protests against a place-based economic reform in Austria - a country where one in two citizens uses Facebook but also one in two citizens is a member of a local club or civic organization. Our results show that protests spread more in places with strong offline networks as measured by real-life networks like village, folklore, or dialect clubs. We do not find that social media penetration intensifies local protests, a finding corroborated by microdata.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266004
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9969 (2022)
    Schlagworte: online and offline networks; social media; social cohesion; civic organizations; social capital; protest; economic reform; populism
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Strengthening social cohesion in conflict-affected societies
    potential, patterns and pitfalls
    Autor*in: Cox, Fletcher D.; Fiedler, Charlotte; Mross, Karina
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) gGmbH, Bonn

    Bilateral and multilateral donors are increasingly focusing on strengthening social cohesion in efforts to build and sustain peace in conflict-affected societies. What does promoting social cohesion mean with respect to inter­national engagement?... mehr

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    Bilateral and multilateral donors are increasingly focusing on strengthening social cohesion in efforts to build and sustain peace in conflict-affected societies. What does promoting social cohesion mean with respect to inter­national engagement? This policy brief provides an overview of the “social cohesion” approach, explains how it applies to conflict-affected and fragile contexts, and intro­duces a typology of common interventions. It discusses the added value of taking a social cohesion approach to development and peacebuilding practice, as well as challenges policymakers and practitioners may encounter when using it. Social cohesion can be understood as positive relations among individuals and groups (the horizontal dimension) and between society and the state (the vertical dimension). While fostering, rebuilding or sustaining cohesion are challenges for any society, they are particularly difficult in conflict settings where divisions fuel violence and violence reinforces divisions. We argue that taking a social cohesion approach in divided, conflict-affected societies offers several advantages. First, it has the potential to focus intervention on less tangible aspects of conflict - drawing attention to overlooked grievances and bringing tensions between groups and the state into focus. Second, it helps integrate a peacebuilding lens in a broad variety of policy spaces. Third, it helps policymakers to integrate citizen perspectives into develop­ment strategies and to focus on the provision of quality peace for all citizens. Taking a social cohesion approach, however, also brings challenges. It may be sensitive for external actors to address social grievances, identity-based divisions and power relations. Dominant groups may feel threatened in their position of power and push back against these attempts, or tensions among historically marginalised groups may cause friction. Donors may experience backlash against programmes that directly address sensitive topics. At the same time, if the intent is to take a transformative approach to building social cohesion, it may be difficult for donors to maintain a neutral stance. Social cohesion programmes may risk increasing tension in the short term, but to restore inter-group trust and state legitimacy over the long term, it might be necessary to confront and accept tension. Reflecting on the potentials and pitfalls of strengthening social cohesion in fragile and conflict-affected contexts, we suggest that policymakers and practitioners should: Think politically. Fostering social cohesion may initially appear less political or less contentious than peace­building, but it inevitably involves engaging politics, as well as identity and power dynamics. Securing donor support for “apolitical” social cohesion programming may at first appear to be advantageous, but this perception risks overlooking power relationships, politicised grievances, hierarchies and other salient dimensions of social structure (e.g., class dynamics). Expect pushback. The social cohesion approach has the potential to interrupt powerful political and economic structures that link social and political identities (e.g., ethnicity, class and gender) to power, status and public goods. Donors should expect overt and covert pushback and contention and be prepared to encounter the stickiness of informal institutions. Work across multiple dividing lines. Strengthening in-group trust and cooperation may negatively affect out-group relationships and overall social cohesion. Fostering social cohesion in the wake of violent conflict requires networks to address multiple social divisions. Large coalitions that cut across race, ethnicity, gender, class and generation are notoriously difficult to form and sustain, yet essential for building sustainable peace.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271156
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS policy brief ; 2023, 3
    Schlagworte: Friedensforschung; Konfliktforschung; Entwicklungshilfe; Kreditgeber; Weltwirtschaft; Konfliktregelung; Friedenssicherung; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; social cohesion; peacebuilding; conflict affected
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 8 Seiten)
  13. Policy responses to COVID-19
    why social cohesion and social protection matter in Africa
    Autor*in: Leininger, Julia; Schiller, Armin von; Strupat, Christoph; Malerba, Daniele
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    This empirical analysis investigates whether and to what extent social cohesion and the coverage of social protection schemes influence governments' decisions about the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies during the first and second waves in... mehr

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    This empirical analysis investigates whether and to what extent social cohesion and the coverage of social protection schemes influence governments' decisions about the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies during the first and second waves in 2020 in Africa. Our results indicate that societal and social factors influenced the stringency of containment policies. Social cohesion has a negative effect on the stringency of containment policies in response to COVID-19 over time. Social protection coverage has a positive effect on the stringency of containment policies in response to COVID-19 over time. States implemented more stringent containment policies in less cohesive societies if they already had social protection schemes in place before the pandemic. Contextual factors mediated these effects. While stringency of containment policies softened over time where levels of democracy, poverty, and inequality were higher, social protection made a mediating difference only in autocratic states and societies with higher poverty. Three contributions of the empirical analysis stand out. First, the conceptual integration of societal and social factors ("societal triangle") provides a novel basis from which to analyse policy responses during external shocks like a global pandemic. Second, to overcome the limitations of current measurements of social cohesion, we use a novel measurement to determine pre-pandemic levels of social cohesion. Third, this is the first cross-national study that addresses a world region, Africa, which has gained little attention in the study of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2022, 20
    Schlagworte: Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Soziale Integration; COVID-19; Viruskrankheit; Soziale Sicherheit; Gesundheitspolitik; Gesundheitsvorsorge; social cohesion; lockdowns; social protection; containment policy; COVID-19 pandemic
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 27 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  14. Identity conflict, ethnocentrism and social cohesion
    Autor*in: Sestito, Matteo
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  [Aix-Marseille School of Economics], [Aix-en-Provence

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / AMSE, Aix-Marseille School of Economics ; WP 2023, nr 04
    Schlagworte: Ethnic conflict; social cohesion; identity; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. How does globalisation affect social cohesion?
    Autor*in: Vrolijk, Kasper
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    This paper explores the effects of globalisation on social cohesion outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. A framework for reviewing the literature is offered, in which labour earnings, household expenditures and firm productivity are identified as... mehr

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    This paper explores the effects of globalisation on social cohesion outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. A framework for reviewing the literature is offered, in which labour earnings, household expenditures and firm productivity are identified as the main channels through which economic globalisation affects cohesion, trust and pro-social behaviour. Evidence points towards substantial losses in cohesion following negative globalisation changes, altering cohesion through absolute and relative changes in employment and expenditure (and people’s perception thereof). However, evidence is thin and inconsistent; studies are limited to effects of trade (and not foreign direct investment), cover some dimensions of cohesion but not others, and often evaluate the effect of negative trade events on cohesion (while trade and foreign direct investment may offer gains to workers, households and firms, which boosts cohesion). From the available evidence, it is determined that when setting policy, it is important to address relative losses from globalisation (between groups), incorporate economic costs of social repercussions, and take on market distortions and underlying cyclical or secular trends that may amplify the effects of globalisation on cohesion.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2023, 5
    Schlagworte: Globalisierung; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Globalisation; social cohesion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The legacy of Mexico's Drug War on youth political attitudes
    Autor*in: García-Ponce, Omar; Laterzo, Isabel
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We investigate the impact of childhood exposure to organized criminal violence on sociopolitical attitudes in Mexico, where an entire generation of youths has been raised amid the country's most violent conflict over the past century. We fielded an... mehr

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    We investigate the impact of childhood exposure to organized criminal violence on sociopolitical attitudes in Mexico, where an entire generation of youths has been raised amid the country's most violent conflict over the past century. We fielded an in-person survey to nearly 3,000 urban youths, measuring various sociopolitical attitudes such as trust in institutions, interpersonal trust, and vote choice. To assess the impact of violence exposure on these attitudes, we construct measures of childhood exposure for each individual by matching them with historical trends in homicide rates and military confrontations from the municipality where they grew up. Our findings indicate that exposure to both types of violence during the first ten years of life is associated with up to a 20 per cent decrease in reported interpersonal and political trust. We also find evidence of negative impacts on support for the political parties that ruled the country during that period. These results have significant implications for the consolidation of Mexico's young democracy. Understanding the long-term effects of exposure to violence during childhood is critical for designing effective policies to promote social and political stability, democratic norms, and social cohesion among the younger generation.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292674045
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    hdl: 10419/283792
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 96
    Schlagworte: organized crime; sociopolitical attitudes; Mexico; violence; trust; democracy; social cohesion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. How does globalisation affect social cohesion?
    Autor*in: Vrolijk, Kasper
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    This paper explores the effects of globalisation on social cohesion outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. A framework for reviewing the literature is offered, in which labour earnings, household expenditures and firm productivity are identified as... mehr

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    This paper explores the effects of globalisation on social cohesion outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. A framework for reviewing the literature is offered, in which labour earnings, household expenditures and firm productivity are identified as the main channels through which economic globalisation affects cohesion, trust and pro-social behaviour. Evidence points towards substantial losses in cohesion following negative globalisation changes, altering cohesion through absolute and relative changes in employment and expenditure (and people’s perception thereof). However, evidence is thin and inconsistent; studies are limited to effects of trade (and not foreign direct investment), cover some dimensions of cohesion but not others, and often evaluate the effect of negative trade events on cohesion (while trade and foreign direct investment may offer gains to workers, households and firms, which boosts cohesion). From the available evidence, it is determined that when setting policy, it is important to address relative losses from globalisation (between groups), incorporate economic costs of social repercussions, and take on market distortions and underlying cyclical or secular trends that may amplify the effects of globalisation on cohesion.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2023, 5
    Schlagworte: Globalisierung; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Globalisation; social cohesion
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Urbanisation and social cohesion
    theory and empirical evidence from Africa
    Autor*in: Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Africa is currently undergoing the most rapid urbanisation process globally, and this trend is forecast to persist in the coming decades. Many believe that this ongoing rapid urbanisation process is changing the social fabric and reshaping social... mehr

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    Africa is currently undergoing the most rapid urbanisation process globally, and this trend is forecast to persist in the coming decades. Many believe that this ongoing rapid urbanisation process is changing the social fabric and reshaping social cohesion. This study explores the theoretical channels through which urbanisation affects social cohesion and provides empirical evidence of their interrelationship. Specifically, the study asks: given the vast social, economic, cultural, political and environmental transformation associated with urbanisation, is there a link between urbanisation and social cohesion? Combining a novel national panel data set on social cohesion from Afrobarometer with urbanisation and other socioeconomic data from world development indicators, the study shows that urbanisation is negatively correlated with the three attributes of social cohesion, namely trust, inclusive identity, and cooperation for the common good. These associations persist even after controlling for country socioeconomic conditions and year fixed effects. Moreover, the magnitude of this association varies across attributes, with trust and inclusive identity showing a higher correlation than cooperation for the common good. Urbanisation-induced change in economic and environmental structure, such as employment, infrastructure, and pollution, are the main channels affecting social cohesion. Overall, the findings underscore the need for inclusive urban development and policies focused on ameliorating social fragmentation resulting from rapid urbanisation unfolding across Africa.

     
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    hdl: 10419/282980
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2023, 16
    Schlagworte: Gesellschaft; Verstädterung; Landflucht; Bedeutung; Rolle; Wirtschaftsindikator; Sozialer Indikator; Einflussgröße; Politik; Kultur; Umweltfaktor; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Entwicklung; Soziale Integration; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Gemeinwohl; Urbanisation; social cohesion; trust; inclusive identity; cooperation for the common good; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 36 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  19. Information integrity and information pollution
    vulnerabilities and impact on social cohesion and democracy in Mexico
    Autor*in: Breuer, Anita
    Erschienen: 2024
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Equal access to reliable information is essential for democracy and social cohesion. The rise of information pollution, particularly in digital spaces, poses significant challenges to democratic societies worldwide. While extensive research has... mehr

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    Equal access to reliable information is essential for democracy and social cohesion. The rise of information pollution, particularly in digital spaces, poses significant challenges to democratic societies worldwide. While extensive research has focused on its impact in developed, English-speaking democracies, there is a gap in understanding its effects in younger democracies, conflict zones, and less developed contexts. This study fills that gap by analysing Mexico as a case study. Based on interviews with Mexican media professionals, public sector officials, academics and human rights defenders, the study provides insights on the root causes of the problem and and strategies to combat information pollution, safeguard democracy, and promote social cohesion, underscoring the urgency of proactive measures both within Mexico and on a global scale in Mexico, information pollution significantly threatens the country's social cohesion and democratic principles. Structural conditions like poverty, inequality, violence, corruption, and media landscape issues enable societal vulnerability to digital information pollution. Factors directly driving information pollution include the exploitation of digital spaces by drug cartels, divisive narratives against marginalised groups, an increasingly media-hostile environment as well as the incumbent government’s post-factual approach to reality and politics. Information pollution has fostered a polarised discours, contributed to eroding trust in traditional media and amplified identity-based societal cleavages. It weakens the deliberative, participatory and liberal dimensions of democracy dimensions by decreasing the quality of public debate, damaging civil society watchdog roles, and reducing government transparency and accountability. Recommendations for Mexico encompass enhancing public resilience to information through civic education and targeted communication campaigns, empowering media capacity, and fortifying an open data culture in the Mexican public sector. Internationally, efforts should address elite-driven information pollution by reinforcing independent accountability institutions and leveraging diplomatic and economic incentives against leaders attacking these institutions.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283129
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2024, 2
    Schlagworte: Politisches System; Gesellschaftsordnung; Information; Zugang; Social Media; Populismus; Polarisierung; Wirkung; Auswirkung; Demokratie; Wert; Soziale Gerechtigkeit; Resilienz; Transparenz; Politischer Prozess; Politische Bildung; Verantwortlichkeit; Mexico; access to information; transparency; digitalisation; democracy; social cohesion; social media; disinformation; polarisation; information pollution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 47 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  20. Social cohesion and firms' access to finance in Africa
    Autor*in: Walle, Yabibal
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    Social cohesion has recently gained increasing attention in academic and policy circles. Apart from being a necessary feature of stable societies per se, social cohesion is also a key factor for sustainable economic development. One potential means... mehr

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    Social cohesion has recently gained increasing attention in academic and policy circles. Apart from being a necessary feature of stable societies per se, social cohesion is also a key factor for sustainable economic development. One potential means through which social cohesion could foster economic development is by enhancing financial development. In this paper, we examine whether social cohesion is significantly associated with firms' access to finance in Africa. To this end, we use a recently constructed dataset on social cohesion in Africa, which is based on the Afrobarometer survey and the Varieties of Democracy database. The dataset contains indices for the three pillars of social cohesion - trust, inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good. Combining this dataset with that of the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we build a sample which covers more than 12,500 firms and 27 African countries. Our results show that all three components of social cohesion are positively associated with at least one measure of firms' access to external finance. In particular, trust - but not inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good - is significantly associated with the likelihood that firms have a checking or savings account, or are financially constrained. When we measure access to finance with respect to having a line of credit or a loan from a financial institution, all the three pillars of social cohesion, including inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good, are related to access to finance. The results are robust to addressing endogeneity concerns using a heteroskedasticity-based identification strategy. Overall, our results suggest that improving social cohesion (e.g. through social protection, education, strengthening civil society organisations) could do more than hold society together; it could also promote access to finance, growth of firms, and thus economic development and job creation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263265
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2022, 9
    Schlagworte: Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Gemeinwohl; Zugang; Dienstleistung; Finanzdienstleistung; Sozioökonomischer Wandel; Access to finance; social cohesion; trust; cooperation for the common good; identity; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Urbanisation and rural development in developing countries
    a review of pathways and impacts
    Autor*in: Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH, Bonn

    This paper reviews the current state of literature on the impacts of urbanisation on rural development in developing countries, with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Assessments of these effects diverge greatly. While some authors see... mehr

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    This paper reviews the current state of literature on the impacts of urbanisation on rural development in developing countries, with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Assessments of these effects diverge greatly. While some authors see urbanisation as strongly benefitting rural areas, for instance, through increased demand for agricultural goods and services, others highlight negative effects, for example, through the loss of livelihoods emanating from displacements and the conversion of agricultural land. Given this complexity, a review that thoroughly analyses the causal relationships between urbanisation and rural development is warranted. To do this, this Discussion Paper identifies seven channels through which urbanisation affects rural development: i) production and consumption linkages; ii) employment linkages; iii) financial linkages; iv) land market linkages; v) information and public service linkages; vi) social interactions linkages; and vii) environmental externalities. As to the first channel, production and consumption linkages, the review suggests that urbanisation has increased demand for agricultural products and services; natural resources; commercialisation and modernisation of agricultural technologies; and smallholders’ participation in modern agricultural value chains. The employment channel suggests that rapid urbanisation is enabling the diversification of rural livelihoods by bringing new eco­nomic opportunities to rural areas, but the effects have not been uniform across countries and communities. With regard to financial linkages, flows from cities have increased in many developing countries, benefitting rural areas; yet some studies point to no or to negative effects due to reduced agricultural productivity from the loss of labour and technology, and the crowding out of investment. Land market effects are particularly heterogeneous. While urbanisation tends to drive land value up and encourages investments, there are also negative developments in terms of crowding out and speculation. As to information and public service linkages, the review suggests that urbanisation has fostered information and knowledge flows from urban areas to rural areas which have improved income, innovation, and employment. Social interactions among urban and rural citizens more generally may bridge cultural gaps, improve the flow of information, knowledge, and resources pertinent for rural economic transformation, and thereby enhance social cohesion; yet little empirical evidence exists so far in terms of effects and causalities. Finally, urbanisation affects rural development through the environmental externalities it generates: waste disposal, environ­mental degradation, and loss of biodiversity. If appropriate technologies are put in place, urbanisation can also improve waste management and soil fertility, thus reducing the cost of agricultural production. To this end, the review has identified research gaps that have important policy implications. First, although effective rural-urban planning, monitoring and evaluation of rural-urban devel­opment policies require better data, there is lack of data collection systems or their quality is poor. In this respect, investing in emerging data sources such as satellites data can help countries improve their data collection systems and measures. Second, research is needed to revise and re­formulate better theoretical frameworks that take into account the uniqueness of African urban cities. Third, empirical evidence which documents to what extent and how rural-urban linkages provide an important arena for improving social interactions among neighbours, societies, and communities is needed. Finally, as many African countries continue to experience rapid urbani­sation (mostly urban sprawl), a thorough study of the impacts of urban externalities on agri­cultural productivity, food security, biodiversity, and the health of rural communities is necessary.

     
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    hdl: 10419/253366
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / German Development Institute ; 2022, 5
    Schlagworte: Ländlicher Raum; Ländliche Entwicklung; Verstädterung; Stadt; Agrarproduktion; Rural development; urbanisation; rural-urban linkages; social cohesion; Sub-Saharan Africa; rapid review
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The preserving effect of social protection on social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic
    evidence from Kenya
    Autor*in: Strupat, Christoph
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH, Bonn

    This paper examines empirically whether social protection in the form of adapted social assistance programmes are affecting social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using unique primary data from nationally representative,... mehr

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    This paper examines empirically whether social protection in the form of adapted social assistance programmes are affecting social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using unique primary data from nationally representative, in-person surveys from Kenya allows for the exploration of the effect of social protection on attributes of social cohesion (trust, cooperation and identity). The analysis employs a difference-in-differences approachthat compares households with and without social assistance coverage before and after the first wave of the pandemic. The findings suggest that social assistance programmes have a preserving effect on social cohesion. Attributes of social cohesion remain stable for beneficiaries, while they decline for non-beneficiaries due to the pandemic. This result is pronounced in regions that faced larger restrictions due to government lockdown policies. Overall, the results suggest that existing national social assistance programmes and their adaptation in times of large covariate shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can be beneficial for social cohesion.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247793
    Auflage/Ausgabe: [1st edition]
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / German Development Institute ; 2021, 33
    Schlagworte: Soziale Sicherheit; Soziale Integration; social protection; social assistance; social cohesion; COVID-19; Kenya
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
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  23. Policy responses to COVID-19
    why social cohesion and social protection matter in Africa
    Autor*in: Leininger, Julia; Schiller, Armin von; Strupat, Christoph; Malerba, Daniele
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn

    This empirical analysis investigates whether and to what extent social cohesion and the coverage of social protection schemes influence governments' decisions about the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies during the first and second waves in... mehr

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    This empirical analysis investigates whether and to what extent social cohesion and the coverage of social protection schemes influence governments' decisions about the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies during the first and second waves in 2020 in Africa. Our results indicate that societal and social factors influenced the stringency of containment policies. Social cohesion has a negative effect on the stringency of containment policies in response to COVID-19 over time. Social protection coverage has a positive effect on the stringency of containment policies in response to COVID-19 over time. States implemented more stringent containment policies in less cohesive societies if they already had social protection schemes in place before the pandemic. Contextual factors mediated these effects. While stringency of containment policies softened over time where levels of democracy, poverty, and inequality were higher, social protection made a mediating difference only in autocratic states and societies with higher poverty. Three contributions of the empirical analysis stand out. First, the conceptual integration of societal and social factors ("societal triangle") provides a novel basis from which to analyse policy responses during external shocks like a global pandemic. Second, to overcome the limitations of current measurements of social cohesion, we use a novel measurement to determine pre-pandemic levels of social cohesion. Third, this is the first cross-national study that addresses a world region, Africa, which has gained little attention in the study of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267729
    Schriftenreihe: IDOS discussion paper ; 2022, 20
    Schlagworte: Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Soziale Integration; COVID-19; Viruskrankheit; Soziale Sicherheit; Gesundheitspolitik; Gesundheitsvorsorge; social cohesion; lockdowns; social protection; containment policy; COVID-19 pandemic
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 27 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
  24. Social cohesion after armed conflict
    a literature review
    Autor*in: Fiedler, Charlotte; Rohles, Christopher
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik gGmbH, Bonn

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    Format: Druck
    ISBN: 9783960211440; 3960211449
    Weitere Identifier:
    9783960211440
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ; 2021, 7
    Schlagworte: Soziale Sicherheit; Stabilität; Politischer Konflikt; Bürgerkrieg; Bibliometrie
    Weitere Schlagworte: (stw)Soziale Stabilität; (stw)Politischer Konflikt; (stw)Bürgerkrieg; (stw)Bibliometrie; (Produktform)Book; (Zielgruppe)Fachpublikum/ Wissenschaft; (Produktform (spezifisch))Card cover; armed conflict; social cohesion; literature review; (VLB-WN)1972: Hardcover, Softcover / Sachbücher/Politik, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft/Politik; Peacebuilding; Peacebuilding; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: 40 Seiten, 30 cm
  25. Can integrated social protection programmes affect social cohesion?
    mixed-methods evidence from Malawi
    Autor*in: Burchi, Francesco; Roscioli, Federico
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Bonn

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