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  1. A study of cross-border profit shifting channels
    Autor*in: Tran, Alfred V.; Xu, Wanmeng
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: TTPI - working papers ; 2021, 18 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS); transfer pricing; debt financing; Australian countermeasures; propensity score matching; coarsened exact matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Toward cleaner production
    can mobile phone technology help reduce inorganic fertilizer application? : evidence using a national level dataset
    Autor*in: Khan, Nawab; Ray, Ram L.; Kassem, Hazem S.; Ihtisham, Muhammad; Shahzad, Abdullah; Asongu, Simplice; Ansah, Stephen; Zhang, Shemei
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and... mehr

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    Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and agricultural sustainability goals. The main objectives of this study were to assess MPU, mobile phone promotion policy, and whether the mediation role of human capital can help reduce IF use. This study used baseline regression analysis and propensity score matching, difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) to assess the impact of MPU on IF usage. However, the two-stage instrumental variables method (IVM) was used to study the effects of mobile phone promotion policy on IF usage. This study used a national dataset from 7,987 rural households in Afghanistan to investigate the impacts of MPU and associated promotion policies on IF application. The baseline regression outcomes showed that the MPU significantly reduced IF usage. The evaluation mechanism revealed that mobile phones help reduce IF application by improving the human capital of farmers. Besides, evidence from the DID technique showed that mobile phone promotion policies lowered IF application. These results remained robust after applying the PSM-DID method and two-stage IVM to control endogenous decisions of rural households. This study results imply that enhancing the accessibility of wideband in remote areas, promoting MPU, and increasing investment in information communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure can help decrease the IF application in agriculture. Thus, the government should invest in remote areas to facilitate access to ICTs, such as having a telephone and access to a cellular and internet network to provide an environment and facility to apply IF effectively. Further, particular policy support must focus on how vulnerable populations access the internet and mobile phone technologies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/249076
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/21, 066
    Schlagworte: mobile phone usage; propensity score matching; difference-in-difference; inorganic fertilizer usage; human capital; sustainable development; Afghanistan
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. How does disability affect income?
    an empirical study on older European workers
    Autor*in: Bondoux, Justine; Barnay, Thomas; Renaud, Thomas; Jusot, Florence
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Érudite laboratoire d'économie Paris-Est, [Marne-la-Vallée]

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    Schriftenreihe: Series of ERUDITE working papers ; no 2021, 05
    Schlagworte: Disability; older workers; personal income; compensation incomes; wages; difference-in-differences; propensity score matching; panel data model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Dilemma and global financial cycle
    evidence from capital account liberalisation episodes
    Autor*in: Li, Xiang
    Erschienen: [08. Dezember 2021]
    Verlag:  Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) - Member of the Leibniz Association, Halle (Saale), Germany

    By focusing on the episodes of substantial capital account liberalisation and adopting a new methodology, this paper provides new evidence on the dilemma and global financial cycle theory. I first identify the capital account liberalisation episodes... mehr

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    By focusing on the episodes of substantial capital account liberalisation and adopting a new methodology, this paper provides new evidence on the dilemma and global financial cycle theory. I first identify the capital account liberalisation episodes for 95 countries from 1970 to 2016, and then employ an augmented inverse propensity score weighted (AIPW) estimator to calculate the average treatment effect (ATE) of opening capital account on the interest rate comovements with the core country. Results show that opening capital account causes a country to lose its monetary policy independence, and a floating exchange rate regime cannot shield this effect. Moreover, the impact is stronger when liberalising outward and banking flows.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/247688
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: October 2021
    Schriftenreihe: IWH discussion papers ; 2021, no. 13 (December 2021)
    Schlagworte: average treatment effect; capital control; global financial cycle; monetary policy autonomy; propensity score matching; trilemma
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 40 Seiten, A21, 2,85 MB), Diagramme
  5. Female managers and firm performance
    evidence from the Caribbean countries
    Autor*in: Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada; Lo Bue, Maria C.
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper investigates whether firm performance differs significantly when comparing firms with female and male top managers in the Caribbean region. We use survey data with detailed information on gender for firms in 13 Caribbean countries. Our... mehr

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    This paper investigates whether firm performance differs significantly when comparing firms with female and male top managers in the Caribbean region. We use survey data with detailed information on gender for firms in 13 Caribbean countries. Our methodology is based on Blinder- Oaxaca decomposition and propensity score matching econometric techniques. These allow us to ascertain whether there is a gender gap in labour productivity in these countries and the extent to which the characteristics of the management team, the firm, and/or environmental constraints hamper the normal development of production or service activities. The results from the regression analysis indicate that female-managed firms are, on average, 16 per cent less productive than male-managed firms. This difference is reduced to 8 per cent when using propensity score matching and when comparing firms and management teams with similar characteristics. Moreover, having some gender diversity in the management team contributes to increasing labour productivity.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670320
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243418
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 92
    Schlagworte: Caribbean region; firm performance; gender gap; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Who benefits? Heterogeneous effects of international student mobility on occupational attainment
    Autor*in: Waibel, Stine; Rüger, Heiko; Ette, Andreas
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  WiSo-Forschungslabor, Hamburg

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260464
    Schriftenreihe: WiSo-HH working paper series ; no. 61 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Familienunternehmen; Unternehmensnachfolge; Simulation; Führungskräfte; Qualifikation; Befragung; Personalberatung; Deutschland; Study abroad; student mobility; occupational success; effect heterogeneity; social selectivity; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The dynamic effects of informal caregiving on caregivers’ health
    Autor*in: Stöckel, Jannis; Bom, Judith
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Netspar, Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement, [Tilburg]

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2020, 011 (02)
    Schlagworte: Informal care; mental health; physical health; propensity score matching; family effect
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The impact of national home grown school feeding programme (NHGSFP) on rural communities in Nigeria
    Autor*in: Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Uduji, Joseph I.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the national home grown school feeding programme (NHGSFP) in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of NHGSFP on rural communities in Nigeria. This paper adopts a survey research... mehr

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    The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the national home grown school feeding programme (NHGSFP) in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of NHGSFP on rural communities in Nigeria. This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 2400 households were sampled across the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria. The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that NHGSFP makes significant contributions to improving the health and educational status of rural school children, stimulate job creation and boost rural economy. This implies that a well-designed and integrated home grown school feeding programme can make significant contributions to improving food security at the household level, spurring job creation and boosting agricultural markets. This suggests the need for a purposeful engagement and support from all stakeholders to ensure the success of home grown school feeding programmes. This research adds to the literature on school feeding in low-income countries. It concludes that school feeding programmes have been shown to directly increase the educational and nutritional status of recipient children, and indirectly impact the economic and social lives of themselves and their family.

     
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    hdl: 10419/262081
    Schriftenreihe: AGDI working paper ; WP/22, 018
    Schlagworte: School feeding programme; propensity score matching; logit model; rural communities; sub Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Avalição de impacto da Lei de Informática utilizando os métodos Propensity Score Matching e diferenças em diferenças
    Autor*in: Filho, Antonio Sergio Malaquias Queroz de; Araújo, Bruno César Pino Oliveira de; Nogueira, Mauro Oddo
    Erschienen: março de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This article assesses the impact of the Informatics Law on the technological efforts of firms, measured by the hiring of personnel in technical-scientific occupations (PoTec). Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) combined with... mehr

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    This article assesses the impact of the Informatics Law on the technological efforts of firms, measured by the hiring of personnel in technical-scientific occupations (PoTec). Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) combined with differences-in-differences between 2006 and 2017, we cannot conclude that technological efforts beneficiary firms of the Informatics Law are significantly superior to the control group. Secondarily, the Information Technology Law had a positive effect on the market share of total wages within the beneficiary sector. These results are in line with other studies that apply counterfactual techniques, with negligible impacts on technological development and some impact on production, even though directed at assembly activities of lesser technological intensity.

     
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    Sprache: Portugiesisch
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    hdl: 10419/265276
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2757
    Schlagworte: Informatics Law; RD&I; PoTec; propensity score matching; diff-in-diff
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. International student mobility and academic performance
    does timing matter?
    Autor*in: Granja, Cintia Denise; Visentin, Fabiana
    Erschienen: 14 December 2021
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2021, 049
    Schlagworte: Tertiary education; international student mobility; academic performance; grades; student achievement; propensity score matching; difference in differences
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Nursing homes and mortality in Europe
    uncertain causality
    Autor*in: Flawinne, Xavier; Lefebvre, Mathieu; Perelman, Sergio; Pestieau, Pierre; Schoenmaeckers, Jerome
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CORE, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2078.1/258579
    Schriftenreihe: LIDAM discussion paper CORE ; 2022, 06
    Schlagworte: Nursing homes; mortality; propensity score matching; SHARE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Does the adoption of peer-to-government mobile payments improve tax revenue mobilization in developing countries?
    Autor*in: Wandaogo, Abdoul-Akim; Sawadogo, Fayçal; Lastunen, Jesse
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Developing countries need to raise sufficient tax revenue to finance development. Revenue mobilization is often hampered by limited tax compliance, weak institutions, and technical problems with tax collection. One solution to these challenges is... mehr

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    Developing countries need to raise sufficient tax revenue to finance development. Revenue mobilization is often hampered by limited tax compliance, weak institutions, and technical problems with tax collection. One solution to these challenges is person-to-government (P2G) mobile phone payments, adopted in a number of developing countries since the early 2000s. This study assesses the causal effect of P2G adoption on tax revenue using propensity score matching. According to the matching estimates, countries that adopt P2G services experience a 1.2-1.3 percentage point boost in direct tax revenue as a share of GDP. P2G adoption increases revenue from both corporate and personal income taxes, with larger effects on the latter. The results remain robust to matching quality tests and alternative estimation methods, including function control, two-stage least squares, and system generalized method of moments. The average treatment effects are largest among lower-middle-income countries and countries characterized by limited tax compliance and corruption control, and by low levels of urbanization and domestic credit to the private sector. The findings suggest that developing countries, particularly those with poor institutions and low levels of financial inclusion, should promote the adoption and use of mobile money services for tax transactions.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292671495
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    hdl: 10419/259374
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2022, 18
    Schlagworte: mobile money; P2G; direct tax revenue; propensity score matching; developing countries
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Nursing homes and mortality in Europe
    uncertain causality
    Autor*in: Flawinne, Xavier; Lefebvre, Mathieu; Perelman, Sergio; Pestieau, Pierre; Schoenmaeckers, Jerome
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The current health crisis has particularly affected the elderly population. Nursing homes have unfortunately experienced a relatively large number of deaths. On the basis of this observation and working with European data (from SHARE), we want to... mehr

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    The current health crisis has particularly affected the elderly population. Nursing homes have unfortunately experienced a relatively large number of deaths. On the basis of this observation and working with European data (from SHARE), we want to check whether nursing homes were lending themselves to excess mortality even before the pandemic. Controlling for a number of important characteristics of the elderly population in and outside nursing homes, we conjecture that the difference in mortality between those two samples is to be attributed to the way nursing homes are designed and organised. Using matching methods, we observe excess mortality in Belgium, France, Germany Luxembourg, Switzerland, Estonia and Czech Republic but no statistically significant excess mortality in Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Italy or Spain. This raises the question of the organisation and management of these nursing homes, but also of their design and financing.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252089
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9572 (2022)
    Schlagworte: nursing homes; mortality; propensity score matching; SHARE
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. On the effectiveness of restricted tenders as a form of policy intervention on agricultural land markets
    Autor*in: Hobe, Cord-Friedrich von; Mußhoff, Oliver
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  GEWISOLA, [Braunschweig]

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    Schlagworte: Agricultural land markets; restricted tenders; policy intervention; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 7 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Displaced or depressed?
    the effect of working in automatable jobs on mental health
    Autor*in: Blasco, Sylvie; Julie Rochut, Julie; Rouland, Bénédicte
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Automation may destroy jobs and change the labour demand structure, thereby potentially impacting workers' health and well-being. Using French individual survey data, we estimate the effects of working in automatable jobs on mental health.... mehr

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    Automation may destroy jobs and change the labour demand structure, thereby potentially impacting workers' health and well-being. Using French individual survey data, we estimate the effects of working in automatable jobs on mental health. Implementing propensity score matching to solve the issue of endogenous exposure to automation risk, we find that workers whose job is at risk of automation in the future are about 4 pp more likely to suffer at present from severe mental disorders. Fear of job loss within the year and fear of qualification or occupational changes seem relevant channels to explain our findings.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263650
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15434
    Schlagworte: mental health; automation; job insecurity; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Impact of TLTRO III on bank lending: the Slovak experience
    Autor*in: Falatha, Juraj; Kiššováb, Alena; Lojschová, Adriana
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  National Bank of Slovakia, Bratislava

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    Schriftenreihe: NSB Working paper / National Bank of Slovakia ; 2023,2
    Schlagworte: monetary policy; targeted longer-term refinancing operations; credit supply; carry trade; difference-in-difference; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. A note on evaluating formal education for adults
    Autor*in: Stenberg, Anders
    Erschienen: June 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Evaluations of adults in formal education (AE) are typically based on earnings measured 5-10 years after program enrollment. This paper estimates returns up to 24 years after enrollment, and explore results for 15 cohorts of first-time registered in... mehr

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    Evaluations of adults in formal education (AE) are typically based on earnings measured 5-10 years after program enrollment. This paper estimates returns up to 24 years after enrollment, and explore results for 15 cohorts of first-time registered in AE in Sweden 1994-2008 with at least a 10-year follow-up period. The results indicate substantially higher payoffs in absolute terms after the maximum length of follow-up compared with after 10 years. There is also weak support that multiplier effects increase the percentage returns to AE over time, regardless of gender or whether the level of AE is college or high school.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263595
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15379
    Schlagworte: Erwachsenenbildung; Evaluation; adult education; self-selection; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Getting stuck in the status quo ante: evidence from the Egyptian economy
    Autor*in: Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal; Pastore, Francesco
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In this study, for the first time, to our knowledge, we use the propensity score matching algorithm to estimate the probability to remain 'stuck in the status-quo ante' across generations in Egypt. We use repeated cross-sectional data relative to a... mehr

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    In this study, for the first time, to our knowledge, we use the propensity score matching algorithm to estimate the probability to remain 'stuck in the status-quo ante' across generations in Egypt. We use repeated cross-sectional data relative to a 20-year period from 1998 to 2018 to build transition matrices of intergenerational occupational mobility. The findings of the econometric analysis hint at a low degree of occupational mobility, with children of fathers in the agricultural sector or holding a blue- or white-collar job remaining linked to the profession of their fathers in most cases and experiencing only rarely upward mobility from agricultural to blue- and white-collar jobs.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250664
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15003
    Schlagworte: intergenerational occupational mobility; status quo bias; propensity score matching; Egypt
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The impact evaluation of Vietnam's Escuela Nueva (New School) program on students' cognitive and non-cognitive skills
    Autor*in: Dang, Hai-Anh; Glewwe, Paul; Lee, Jongwook; Khoa Vu
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper evaluates how Vietnam's Escuela Nueva (VNEN) program, an educational reform for primary schools supported by the World Bank, affected the cognitive (mathematics and Vietnamese) and non-cognitive (socioemotional) skills of students in that... mehr

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    This paper evaluates how Vietnam's Escuela Nueva (VNEN) program, an educational reform for primary schools supported by the World Bank, affected the cognitive (mathematics and Vietnamese) and non-cognitive (socioemotional) skills of students in that country. We use propensity score matching to estimate both short-term (1-3 years) and long-term (5-7 years) average treatment effects on the treated (ATT). We find that the impacts of VNEN on students' cognitive skills are relatively small in the short-term, and that they are larger for boys, ethnic minorities, and students in Northern Vietnam. The VNEN program modestly increased primary school students' non-cognitive skills in the short-term; these impacts on non-cognitive skills are sizable and significant for ethnic minority students, although there seems to be little gender difference. The long-term impacts are less precisely estimated, but they appear to fade away, showing little or no impact of the VNEN program on cognitive skills. There is little variation of long-term impacts by gender or geographical region, although the imprecision of the estimates for ethnic minority students does not allow us to rule out large long-term impacts on cognitive skills for those students. The program's impacts on non-cognitive skills also seem to have dissipated in the long-term.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250666
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15005
    Schlagworte: VNEN; Vietnam Escuela Nueva; education; cognitive skills; non-cognitive skills; impact evaluation; propensity score matching; IV
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Disability and labor market performance
    Autor*in: Collischon, Matthias; Hiesinger, Karolin; Pohlan, Laura
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: newly disabled individuals' probability of becoming nonemployed increases by 10 percentage points after one year and by 15 percentage points after five years relative to that of the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older and low-skilled individuals.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16100
    Schlagworte: disability; labor market outcomes; propensity score matching; event study
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  21. Human capital investments in children
    a comparative analysis of the role of parent-child shared time in selected countries
    Autor*in: Österbacka, Eva; Merz, Joachim; Zick, Cathleen D.
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  FFB, Lüneburg

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  22. The effect of exporting on product compositional changes and a manufacturing plant's average product characteristics in Japan
    Autor*in: Itō, Keiko; Hahn, Chin Hee
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Schriftenreihe: RIETI discussion paper series ; 20-E, 038 (April 2020)
    Schlagworte: creative destruction; exporting; introduction of new products; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Swedish veterans after Bosnia
    the relationship between military deployment and labour market marginalisation
    Autor*in: Backström, Peter
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  [Department of Economics, Umeå University], [Umeå, Sweden]

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    Schriftenreihe: [Umeå economic studies] ; [no. 1011]
    Schlagworte: Peacekeeping; Bosnian war; military veterans; labour market marginalisation; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Is self-employment for migrants?
    evidence from Italy
    Autor*in: Brunetti, Marianna; Zaiceva, Anzelika
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion,... mehr

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    Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which is usually not observed, yet crucial for the self-employment decision. Unlike most of the existing empirical literature, we find that immigrants in Italy are less likely to be self-employed. The negative gap is confirmed when propensity score matching methodology is used. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the negative gap is larger for men, for economic migrants and those coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, while it is not significant for mixed immigrant-native couples, for highly skilled, and for migrants from Asia and Oceania. The largest gap is found for those working in the agricultural sector. Regarding additional channels, we explore the role of access to credit, including the informal one, and whether migrants are credit constrained, as well as the importance of migrant networks, easiness of doing business, and expenditures on services for migrants. Despite finding significant correlations between self-employment and some of these factors, none of them seem to decrease the magnitude of the negative gap.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279012
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16314
    Schlagworte: immigrants; self-employment; gender; intermarriage; propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Media influence on public attitudes toward Japan's value-added tax
    Autor*in: Hori, Masahiro
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan

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    Schriftenreihe: ESRI discussion paper series ; no. 377
    Schlagworte: Japanese economy; survey of economists; media information; value-added tax (VAT); propensity score matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen