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  1. Cultural Crowdfunding : Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization
    Beteiligt: Rouzé, Vincent (Hrsg.)
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  University of Westminster Press, London

    "This new book analyses the strategies, usages and wider implications of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding platforms in the culture and communication industries that are reshaping economic, organizational and social logics. Platforms are the object of... mehr

     

    "This new book analyses the strategies, usages and wider implications of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding platforms in the culture and communication industries that are reshaping economic, organizational and social logics. Platforms are the object of considerable hype with a growing global presence. Relying on individual contributions coordinated by social media to finance cultural production (and carry out promotional tasks) is a significant shift, especially when supported by morphing public policies, supposedly enhancing cultural diversity and accessibility.

    The aim of this book is to propose a critical analysis of these phenomena by questioning what follows from decisions to outsource modes of creation and funding to consumers. Drawing on research carried out within the ‘Collab’ programme backed by the French National Research Agency, the book considers how platforms are used to organize cultural labour and/or to control usages, following a logic of suggestion rather than overt injunction. Four key areas are considered: the history of crowdfunding as a system; whose interests crowdfunding may serve; the implications for digital labour and lastly crowdfunding’s interface with globalization and contemporary capitalism. The book concludes with an assessment of claims that crowdfunding can democratize culture."

     
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    Quelle: OAPEN
    Beteiligt: Rouzé, Vincent (Hrsg.)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781912656387; 9781912656400; 9781912656417
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schlagworte: The arts: general issues; Art: financial aspects; Cultural studies; Popular culture; Media studies; Sociology: work & labour
    Weitere Schlagworte: crowdsourcing; culture; crowdfunding; participation; platforms; arts
    Umfang: 1 electronic resource (128 p.)
  2. Estimating demand with multi-homing in two-sided markets
    Autor*in: Affeldt, Pauline Luise; Argentesi, Elena; Filistrucchi, Lapo
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    We empirically investigate the relevance of multi-homing in two-sided markets. First, we build a micro-founded structural econometric model that encompasses demand for differentiated products and allows for multi-homing on both sides of the market.... mehr

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    We empirically investigate the relevance of multi-homing in two-sided markets. First, we build a micro-founded structural econometric model that encompasses demand for differentiated products and allows for multi-homing on both sides of the market. We then use an original dataset on the Italian daily newspaper market that includes information on double-homing by readers to estimate readers’ and advertisers’ demand. The results show that an econometric model that does not allow for multihoming is likely to produce biased estimates of demand on both sides of the market. In particular, on the reader side, accounting for multi-homing helps to recognize complementarity between products; on the advertising side, it allows to measure to what extent advertising demand depends on the shares of exclusive and overlapping readers.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/243194
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1965
    Schlagworte: two-sided markets; platforms; multi-homing; media; advertising
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Race and media
    critical approaches
    Beteiligt: Lopez, Lori Kido (Hrsg.)
    Erschienen: [2020]; © 2020
    Verlag:  New York University Press, New York

    A foundational collection of essays that demonstrate how to study race and mediaFrom graphic footage of migrant children in cages to #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite, portrayals and discussions of race dominate the media landscape. Race and Media... mehr

    Standort:
    Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    Filmuniversität Babelsberg KONRAD WOLF, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
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    A foundational collection of essays that demonstrate how to study race and mediaFrom graphic footage of migrant children in cages to #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite, portrayals and discussions of race dominate the media landscape. Race and Media adopts a wide range of methods to make sense of specific occurrences, from the corporate portrayal of mixed-race identity by 23andMe to the cosmopolitan fetishization of Marie Kondo. As a whole, this collection demonstrates that all forms of media-from the sitcoms we stream to the Twitter feeds we follow-confirm racism and reinforce its ideological frameworks, while simultaneously giving space for new modes of resistance and understanding. In each chapter, a leading media scholar elucidates a set of foundational concepts in the study of race and media-such as the burden of representation, discourses of racialization, multiculturalism, hybridity, and the visuality of race. In doing so, they offer tools for media literacy that include rigorous analysis of texts, ideologies, institutions and structures, audiences and users, and technologies. The authors then apply these concepts to a wide range of media and the diverse communities that engage with them in order to uncover new theoretical frameworks and methodologies. From advertising and music to film festivals, video games, telenovelas, and social media, these essays engage and employ contemporary dialogues and struggles for social justice by racialized communities to push media forward

     
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    Quelle: Philologische Bibliothek, FU Berlin
    Beteiligt: Lopez, Lori Kido (Hrsg.)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781479823222
    Weitere Identifier:
    RVK Klassifikation: AP 14000 ; LB 31960
    Schriftenreihe: Critical cultural communication
    Schlagworte: #BlackLivesMatter; Arab Americans; Audiences; Indigenous activism; Japaneseness; Latinx; Marie Kondo; South Asian; allies; blogs; celebrity; cosmopolitanism; diaspora; digital ethnography; documentary; ethnicity;racism;people of color;media studies;popular culture;systemic oppression;mainstream media industries;image analysis;representation;semiotics;television Westerns;Latinos/as;mixed race;racial genetics;advertising;visuality;sonic color line;vocal bodies;televised trials;anti-blackness;racial violence;audio;sports media;celebrities;activism;branding;black athletes;sitcoms;authorship;burden of representation;Asian American;television;Indigenous media;indie video games;sovereignty;Latina/o Critical Communication Theory;Afro-Latinos;Spanish-language media;film festivals;media independence;trans;remediation;performance;Black trans;queer;internet television;distribution;intersectionality;web series;podcasting;technological affordances;social enclaves;sonic media;blackness;Black Twitter;semi-enclaves;cultural boundaries;linguistics;social media;YouTube;comedy; fan activism; fandom; heterogeneity; journalism; live-streaming; media studies methods; metalinguistics; online spaces; participatory culture; platforms; social justice; solidarity; tactics; video games; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Media Studies; Mass media and minorities; Mass media and race relations; Fremdbild; Nationale Minderheit; Ethnische Identität; Massenmedien; Ethnizität <Motiv>
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 326 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Race and media
    critical approaches
    Beteiligt: Lopez, Lori Kido (Hrsg.)
    Erschienen: [2020]; © 2020
    Verlag:  New York University Press, New York, NY

    A foundational collection of essays that demonstrate how to study race and mediaFrom graphic footage of migrant children in cages to #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite, portrayals and discussions of race dominate the media landscape. Race and Media... mehr

    Standort:
    Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden / Hochschulbibliothek Amberg
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    TH-AB - Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg, Hochschulbibliothek
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Hochschule Augsburg
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg
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    Standort:
    Hochschule Coburg, Zentralbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hauptbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Hochschule Kempten, Hochschulbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    Hochschule Landshut, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Bibliothek
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Passau
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    A foundational collection of essays that demonstrate how to study race and mediaFrom graphic footage of migrant children in cages to #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite, portrayals and discussions of race dominate the media landscape. Race and Media adopts a wide range of methods to make sense of specific occurrences, from the corporate portrayal of mixed-race identity by 23andMe to the cosmopolitan fetishization of Marie Kondo. As a whole, this collection demonstrates that all forms of media-from the sitcoms we stream to the Twitter feeds we follow-confirm racism and reinforce its ideological frameworks, while simultaneously giving space for new modes of resistance and understanding. In each chapter, a leading media scholar elucidates a set of foundational concepts in the study of race and media-such as the burden of representation, discourses of racialization, multiculturalism, hybridity, and the visuality of race. In doing so, they offer tools for media literacy that include rigorous analysis of texts, ideologies, institutions and structures, audiences and users, and technologies. The authors then apply these concepts to a wide range of media and the diverse communities that engage with them in order to uncover new theoretical frameworks and methodologies. From advertising and music to film festivals, video games, telenovelas, and social media, these essays engage and employ contemporary dialogues and struggles for social justice by racialized communities to push media forward

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Lopez, Lori Kido (Hrsg.)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781479823222
    Weitere Identifier:
    RVK Klassifikation: AP 14000 ; LB 31960
    Schriftenreihe: Critical cultural communication
    Schlagworte: #BlackLivesMatter; Arab Americans; Audiences; Indigenous activism; Japaneseness; Latinx; Marie Kondo; South Asian; allies; blogs; celebrity; cosmopolitanism; diaspora; digital ethnography; documentary; ethnicity;racism;people of color;media studies;popular culture;systemic oppression;mainstream media industries;image analysis;representation;semiotics;television Westerns;Latinos/as;mixed race;racial genetics;advertising;visuality;sonic color line;vocal bodies;televised trials;anti-blackness;racial violence;audio;sports media;celebrities;activism;branding;black athletes;sitcoms;authorship;burden of representation;Asian American;television;Indigenous media;indie video games;sovereignty;Latina/o Critical Communication Theory;Afro-Latinos;Spanish-language media;film festivals;media independence;trans;remediation;performance;Black trans;queer;internet television;distribution;intersectionality;web series;podcasting;technological affordances;social enclaves;sonic media;blackness;Black Twitter;semi-enclaves;cultural boundaries;linguistics;social media;YouTube;comedy; fan activism; fandom; heterogeneity; journalism; live-streaming; media studies methods; metalinguistics; online spaces; participatory culture; platforms; social justice; solidarity; tactics; video games; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Media Studies; Mass media and minorities; Mass media and race relations; Nationale Minderheit; Massenmedien; Ethnische Identität; Fremdbild; Ethnizität <Motiv>
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (326 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Das Crowdinvesting-Modell für Startups
    keine Assetklasse für schwache Nerven
    Autor*in: Petry, Markus; Ulutaş, Soner
    Erschienen: 8. März 2021
    Verlag:  wifin, Wiesbaden Institute of Finance and Insurance, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, [Wiesbaden]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266228
    Schriftenreihe: WIFIN working paper ; 08 (2021)
    Schlagworte: Crowdinvesting; platforms; default rate; rate of return
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Estimating demand with multi-homing in two-sided markets
    Autor*in: Affeldt, Pauline Luise; Argentesi, Elena; Filistrucchi, Lapo
    Erschienen: 15 September 2021
    Verlag:  CentER, Center for Economic Research, Tilburg

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / CentER, Center for Economic Research ; no. 2021, 025
    Schlagworte: two-sided markets; platforms; multi-homing; media; advertising
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Platform-based business models and financial inclusion
    Autor*in: Croxson, Karen; Frost, Jon; Gambacorta, Leonardo; Valletti, Tommaso M.
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, [Basel]

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: BIS working papers ; no 986 (January 2022)
    Schlagworte: financial inclusion; fintech; big tech; platforms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Price competition online
    platforms vs. branded websites
    Autor*in: Loginova, Oksana
    Erschienen: March 21, 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Department of Economics, University of Missour ; 2109
    Schlagworte: pricing; competition; platforms; online marketplace; Amazon; brand equity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Estimating demand with multi-homing in two-sided markets
    Autor*in: Affeldt, Pauline Luise; Argentesi, Elena; Filistrucchi, Lapo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics, Bologna, Italy

    We empirically investigate the relevance of multi-homing in two-sided markets. First, we build a micro-founded structural econometric model that encompasses demand for differentiated products and allows for multi-homing on both sides of the market.... mehr

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    We empirically investigate the relevance of multi-homing in two-sided markets. First, we build a micro-founded structural econometric model that encompasses demand for differentiated products and allows for multi-homing on both sides of the market. We then use an original dataset on the Italian daily newspaper market that includes information on double-homing by readers to estimate readers' and advertisers' demand. The results show that an econometric model that does not allow for multihoming is likely to produce biased estimates of demand on both sides of the market. In particular, on the reader side, accounting for multi-homing helps to recognize complementarity between products; on the advertising side, it allows to measure to what extent advertising demand depends on the shares of exclusive and overlapping readers.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265166
    Schriftenreihe: Quaderni - working paper DSE / Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics ; no 1165
    Schlagworte: two-sided markets; platforms; multi-homing; media; advertising
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Network effects
    betwixt and between
    Autor*in: Mardan, Mohammed; Tremblay, Mark J.
    Erschienen: November 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We challenge the dichotomy of network effects and highlight that they are not an exogenous characteristic of networks, but endogenous to the decisions of network users. When users choose which activities to perform in a network, multi-activity users... mehr

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    We challenge the dichotomy of network effects and highlight that they are not an exogenous characteristic of networks, but endogenous to the decisions of network users. When users choose which activities to perform in a network, multi-activity users transform indirect into direct network effects and a network effectively becomes one-sided if merely multi-activity users frequent it. Our work contributes to theory by determining the underlying micro-foundations that produce what the literature calls a two-sided market and by highlighting how the standard two-sided pricing results arises only under very specific conditions. We also contribute to estimation by illustrating how the presence of multi-active users can challenge identification in network industries.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/267314
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10082 (2022)
    Schlagworte: platforms; one-sided markets; two-sided markets; multi-siding users
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)
  11. Common typology of virtual communities and multi-sided platforms
    analysis of business models using qualitative system dynamics
    Autor*in: Doligalski, Tymoteusz
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, [Warsaw]

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 20.500.12182/1137
    Schriftenreihe: Collegium of Economic Analysis working paper series ; number: 079 (2022)
    Schlagworte: platforms; communities; business models; typology
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The economics of influencers and social media stardom
    Autor*in: Gänßle, Sophia; Budzinski, Oliver
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, Ilmenau ; Universitätsbibliothek

    This chapter provides an overview of the economics of influencers and social media stardom. It provides the state-of-research regarding success factors, revenue and payment models, social media platforms and ecosystems, and welfare effects. It... mehr

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    Standort:
    Evangelische Hochschule Freiburg, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau
    Signatur:
    WIR 2023
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    Standort:
    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    This chapter provides an overview of the economics of influencers and social media stardom. It provides the state-of-research regarding success factors, revenue and payment models, social media platforms and ecosystems, and welfare effects. It describes the role of social media content providers within the media industries and explores the differences and similarities of this new innovative element in media markets compared to its more traditional counterparts (traditional stars and traditional media industries).

     
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    hdl: 10419/273060
    RVK Klassifikation: AP 15965 ; QC 000 ; QQ 000
    Schriftenreihe: Ilmenau economics discussion papers ; vol. 28, no. 178
    Schlagworte: social media; superstars; influencer; platforms; stardom; content producers; YouTube; Instagram; TikTok; gatekeepers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Superstar exclusivity in two-sided markets
    Autor*in: Carroni, Elias; Madio, Leonardo; Shekhar, Shiva
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics and Management "Marco Fanno", University of Padova, Padova

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    Schriftenreihe: Marco Fanno working papers ; 296 (January 2023)
    Schlagworte: exclusivity; platforms; two-sided markets; vertical integration; network externalities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    "An earlier version of this paper circulated under the title "Superstars in two-sided markets: exclusives or not?"" - Seite 1, Fußnote
  14. Platform price parity clauses and consumer obfuscation
    Autor*in: Heresi, José Ignacio
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  CEA, Centro de Economía Aplicada, [Santiago, Chile]

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; no 350
    Schlagworte: platforms; obfuscation; consumer search; price parity clauses
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  15. Optimal Distinctiveness across Revenue Models
    Performance Effects of Differentiation of Paid and Free Products in a Mobile App Market
    Autor*in: Angeren, Joey van; Vroom, Govert; McCann, Brian T.; Podoynitsyna, Ksenia; Langerak, Fred
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  SSRN, [S.l.]

    The optimal distinctiveness literature highlights a fundamental trade-off in product positioning within market categories: products should be distinct to minimize competition, but similar to build legitimacy. Most recently, this research has focused... mehr

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    The optimal distinctiveness literature highlights a fundamental trade-off in product positioning within market categories: products should be distinct to minimize competition, but similar to build legitimacy. Most recently, this research has focused on understanding sources of variance in the distinctiveness-performance relationship. We extend this literature with an examination of digital products and argue that the relationship depends on products’ revenue models: we theorize the relationship is inverted U-shaped for paid products but U-shaped for free products, owing to heightened privacy concerns of free product customers. We further argue that this latter relationship becomes flatter for free products that provide greater monetization transparency by publishing a privacy statement or adopting a freemium revenue approach. Hypotheses are tested using a sample of 250,000-plus Apple App Store apps

     
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    Schriftenreihe: IESE Business School Working Paper
    Schlagworte: differentiation; legitimacy; machine learning; optimal distinctiveness; platforms; revenue models
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 21, 2022 erstellt
  16. Searching for results
    optimal platform design in a network setting
    Autor*in: Guo, Bowei; Newbery, David M. G.
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Schriftenreihe: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2118
    EPRG working paper ; 2102
    Schlagworte: networks; platforms; industrial organisation; network design; games on networks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Gendered implications of the waves of COVID-19 and economic upgrading trajectories in digital value chains
    insights from Kenyan agricultural platforms
    Autor*in: Krishnan, Aarti; Nganga, Monica; Foster, Timothy
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Women play a critical yet under-researched role in global digital agri-food value chains, especially in smallholder production, which affects how they are able to economically upgrade (improve crop yields and product quality, and increase product... mehr

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    Women play a critical yet under-researched role in global digital agri-food value chains, especially in smallholder production, which affects how they are able to economically upgrade (improve crop yields and product quality, and increase product diversification). Research suggests that women's participation in agricultural platform-driven value chains facilitates the overcoming of barriers such as access to productive resources and engenders upgrading. However, studies have shown mixed evidence of the benefits of ag-platforms, and there are very limited data on female farmers' contribution. Their economic upgrading possibilities are further compounded by the onset of shocks such as COVID-19. Predominantly only anecdotal evidence exists of how such shocks impact women in agriculture generally, let alone those using digital platforms. This paper seeks to answer the question: To what extent has the intensity of COVID-19 affected economic upgrading possibilities for women in platform-driven ag-value chains? The paper attempts to unpack economic upgrading through the different regimes of COVID-19, illustrating the dynamic effects experienced by women living through the shock. The paper uses a mixed methods approach, combining daily transaction data for over 3,000 farmers from 2019 to 2021 with 40 interviews of various value chain actors. The results show that women have been able to upgrade through the shock in terms of crop productivity and product quality more successfully than men, although there are differences across the different regimes of COVID-19; however, women have downgraded in terms of product diversification. The results are robust using pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and seemingly unrelated regressions. The paper highlights a critical need to unpack shocks as a succession of regimes, rather than treating them as homogeneous entities, in order to provide a more holistic understanding of how women cope.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292673710
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    hdl: 10419/283759
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 63
    Schlagworte: digital; platforms; agriculture; gender; upgrading; value chains
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Payments on digital platforms
    resiliency, interoperability and welfare
    Autor*in: Chiu, Jonathan; Wong, Tsz-Nga
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Richmond

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond ; WP 21, 04
    Schlagworte: Digital tokens; payments; platforms; money; regulation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Estimating demand with multi-homing in two-sided markets
    Autor*in: Affeldt, Pauline Luise; Argentesi, Elena; Filistrucchi, Lapo
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  DISEI, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze (Italia)

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 2021, n. 16
    Schlagworte: two-sided markets; platforms; multi-homing; media; advertising
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Regulating platform fees under price parity
    Autor*in: Gomes, Renato; Mantovani, Andrea
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: 19/01/2022
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1325
    Schlagworte: platforms; price parity; regulation; commission caps; extreme value theory
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. When "the" market loses its relevance: an empirical analysis of demand-side linkages in platform ecosystems
    Autor*in: Smichowski, Bruno Carballa; Duch-Brown, Néstor; Gomez-Losada, A.; Martens, Bertin
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    Recent literature has shown that the existence of supply and demand-side non-generic complementarities ("demand-side linkages") within ecosystems raises questions about the pertinence of defining a single relevant market comprising substitute... mehr

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    Recent literature has shown that the existence of supply and demand-side non-generic complementarities ("demand-side linkages") within ecosystems raises questions about the pertinence of defining a single relevant market comprising substitute products ("substitutability approach"). However, empirical methodologies to measure these linkages and asses the competitive dynamics underpinning them are lacking. Using recent data from internet traffic between the major 246 European digital platforms, we develop such a methodology and test some theoretical findings of the ecosystems literature with major implications for competition and regulatory analysis. We corroborate that demand-side linkages are a non-negligible phenomenon: 18% of these platforms show them. However, unlike what the ecosystems literature predicts, in roughly half of the cases they do not link complementors but platforms competing in at least one market. Finally, while, as expected, we observe demand-side linkages mostly within industry-defined ecosystems, we find evidence of industry-agnostic ecosystems. These could be instigated and orchestrated by platform users instead of by a firm. We conclude that the substitutability approach is not obsolete, but needs to be complemented with alternative approaches in order to i) take into account coopetition within the same relevant market and ii) analyze how the competitive process in one market can impact the welfare generated in another (industry's) market through non-generic complementarities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266524
    Schriftenreihe: JRC digital economy working paper ; 2021, 07
    JRC technical report
    Schlagworte: ecosystems; platforms; complementarities; relevant market
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  22. An economic perspective on data and platform market power
    Autor*in: Martens, Bertin
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    This paper starts with some basic economic characteristics of data that distinguish them from ordinary goods and services, including non-excludability and non-rivalry, economies of scope in data re-use and aggregation, the social value of data and... mehr

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    This paper starts with some basic economic characteristics of data that distinguish them from ordinary goods and services, including non-excludability and non-rivalry, economies of scope in data re-use and aggregation, the social value of data and their role in generating network effects. It explores how these characteristics contribute to the emergence of large digital platforms that generate a combination of positive and negative welfare effects for society, including data-driven network effects. It distinguishes between lexicographic and probabilistic data-driven matching in networks. Both may lead to market "tipping". It emphasizes the social value of data and the positive and negative social externalities that may come with this. Platforms are necessary intermediaries to generate the social welfare or network externalities from data. However, the economic role of data-driven platforms is ambivalent. On the one hand, platforms enable society to benefit from positive externalities in data collection via economies of scale and scope in data aggregation of transactions and interactions across users, both firms and consumers. That gives them a privileged market overview that none of the individual users has. Platforms can use this information asymmetry to facilitate interaction and increase welfare for users. These data externalities attract users to the platform. On the other hand, data-driven network effects may result in monopolistic market power of platforms which they can use for their own benefit, at the expense of users. Any policy intervention that seeks to address the market power of online platforms requires careful balancing between these two poles. Finally, the paper briefly disc usses ecosystems that leverage data to coordinate interactions between different platforms.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: JRC digital economy working paper ; 2020, 09
    JRC technical report
    Schlagworte: data; platforms; market power
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  23. Facebook shadow profiles
    Autor*in: Aguiar, Luis; Peukert, Christian; Schäfer, Maximilian; Ullrich, Hannes
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Data is often at the core of digital products and services, especially when related to online advertising. This has made data protection and privacy a major policy concern. When surfing the web, consumers leave digital traces that can be used to... mehr

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    Data is often at the core of digital products and services, especially when related to online advertising. This has made data protection and privacy a major policy concern. When surfing the web, consumers leave digital traces that can be used to build user profiles and infer preferences. We quantify the extent to which Facebook can track web behavior outside of their own platform. The network of engagement buttons, placed on third-party websites, lets Facebook follow users as they browse the web. Tracking users outside its core platform enables Facebook to build shadow profiles. For a representative sample of US internet users, 52 percent of websites visited, accounting for 40 percent of browsing time, employ Facebook's tracking technology. Small differences between Facebook users and non-users are largely explained by differing user activity. The extent of shadow profiling Facebook may engage in is similar on privacy-sensitive domains and across user demographics, documenting the possibility for indiscriminate tracking.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252088
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9571 (2022)
    Schlagworte: platforms; data; tracking; privacy; Facebook
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  24. The limits of marketplace fee discrimination
    Autor*in: Tremblay, Mark J.
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Platforms often use fee discrimination within their marketplace (e.g., Amazon, eBay, and Uber specify a variety of merchant fees). To better understand the impact of marketplace fee discrimination, we develop a model that allows us to determine... mehr

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    Platforms often use fee discrimination within their marketplace (e.g., Amazon, eBay, and Uber specify a variety of merchant fees). To better understand the impact of marketplace fee discrimination, we develop a model that allows us to determine equilibrium fee and category decisions that depend on the extent of fee discrimination available to the platform and we highlight how our fee discrimination strategies can be derived in practice using data from airbnb.com. In addition, we find that greater fee discrimination allows the platform to serve more markets in its marketplace but also increases fees in high surplus markets. However, if the platform enters into retail, then the platform reduces its fees and generates greater retail competition. These effects mitigate distortions from fee discrimination and improve welfare. In terms of policy, we show that (1) banning fee discrimination and platform entry is detrimental to welfare, (2) a vertical merger within a retail market mitigates fee distortions but is often worse than an equilibrium with platform entry into retail, and (3) taxing the platform in retail (not merchants) levels the retail playing field and can generate a Pareto improvement upon a policy that bans platform retail entry.

     
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    hdl: 10419/248985
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9440 (2021)
    Schlagworte: platforms; platform retail entry; price discrimination; vertical integration; intermediary
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  25. E-globalization and trade agreements
    Autor*in: McCalman, Phillip
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The global success of online search engines and social media is due to their free access and high level of quality. However, these features are supported by a business model that exploits personal user data to provide targeted advertising services to... mehr

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    The global success of online search engines and social media is due to their free access and high level of quality. However, these features are supported by a business model that exploits personal user data to provide targeted advertising services to third parties. Does this business model deliver socially desirable outcomes at the global and/or national level? To explore these questions, we characterize how a global monopoly platform chooses the level of privacy protection and service quality. When a platform operates a free service model it over-exploits personal information and underprovides quality compared to a global planner. Despite distortions along two dimensions, global welfare can be improved by a policy of enhanced privacy protection alone. In fact, it is likely that enhanced privacy protection will also induce higher platform quality. Furthermore, when privacy policies are set at the national level, large countries tend to align with the global interest, thanks to a "Brussels effect" where a global monopoly platform will improve privacy protection across all its markets in response to a policy change in one country. The alignment of unilateral and multilateral incentives reduces the need for a trade agreement to cover privacy protection. However, countries do have a beggar-thy-neighbor motivation to apply ad tech taxes, making these policies an area where international cooperation is needed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279296
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10546 (2023)
    Schlagworte: trade policy; trade agreements; WTO; platforms; two-sided markets
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