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  1. Parental investment and the intergenerational transmission of economic preferences and attitudes
    Autor*in: Zumbuehl, Maria; Dohmen, Thomas; Pfann, Gerard A.
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin

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  2. Entitled to property: inheritance laws, female bargaining power, and child health in India
    Autor*in: Hossain, Md Shahadath; Nikolov, Plamen
    Erschienen: June 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Child height is a significant predictor of human capital and economic status throughout adulthood. Moreover, non-unitary household models of family behavior posit that an increase in women's bargaining power can influence child health. We study the... mehr

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    Child height is a significant predictor of human capital and economic status throughout adulthood. Moreover, non-unitary household models of family behavior posit that an increase in women's bargaining power can influence child health. We study the effects of an inheritance law change, the Hindu Succession Act Amendment (HSAA), which conferred enhanced inheritance rights to unmarried women in India, on child height. We find robust evidence that the HSAA improved the height and weight of children. In addition, we find evidence consistent with a channel that the policy improved the women's intrahousehold bargaining power within the household, leading to improved parental investments for children. These study findings are also compatible with the notion that children do better when their mothers control a more significant fraction of the family resources. Therefore, policies that empower women can have additional positive spillovers for children's human capital.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245549
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14498
    Schlagworte: human capital; height; bargaining; parental investments; developing countries; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Missing a nurse visit
    Autor*in: Hirani, Jonas Lau-Jensen; Sivertsen, Hans Henrik; Wüst, Miriam
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258923
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 20, 09
    Schlagworte: Early-life health; early interventions; nurse home visiting; parental investments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Parental responses to children's achievement test results
    Autor*in: Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Ho, Tiffany; Salamanca, Nicolás
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We use quasi-experimental variation in the timing of national standardized test-score reports to estimate the causal impact of giving parents objective information about children's academic achievement. Releasing test scores leads to more modest... mehr

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    We use quasi-experimental variation in the timing of national standardized test-score reports to estimate the causal impact of giving parents objective information about children's academic achievement. Releasing test scores leads to more modest perceptions of academic achievement and reduced school satisfaction. The use of private tutoring is increased, while extracurricular activities are reduced. Examining the underlying mechanisms, we show that is it public-school parents and parents of children receiving unexpectedly "bad" test scores who alter their perceptions. Learning that a child scores above the national average raises perceived academic achievement and time devoted to education, while reducing leisure time.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245714
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14663
    Schlagworte: parental investments; test-score information; parental perceptions; overconfidence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Effects of extending paid parental leave on children's socio-emotional skills and well-being in adolescence
    Autor*in: Houmark, Mikkel Aagaard; Jørgensen, Cecilie Marie Løchte; Kristiansen, Ida Lykke; Gensowski, Miriam
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study how children's socio-emotional skills and well-being in adolescence are affected by an increase in the duration of parental care during infancy. Exploiting a Danish reform that extended paid parental leave in 2002 and effectively delayed... mehr

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    We study how children's socio-emotional skills and well-being in adolescence are affected by an increase in the duration of parental care during infancy. Exploiting a Danish reform that extended paid parental leave in 2002 and effectively delayed children's entry into formal out-of-home care, we show that longer leave increases adolescent well-being, conscientiousness and emotional stability, and reduces school absenteeism. The effects are strongest for children of mothers who would have taken short leave in absence of the reform. This highlights how time spent with a parent is particularly productive during very early childhood.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263637
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15421
    Schlagworte: parental leave; early childhood; skill formation; parental investments; socio-emotional skills; personality; well-being; adolescence
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. A bit of salt a trace of life
    gender norms and the impact of a salt iodization program on human capital formation of school aged children
    Autor*in: Deng, Zichen; Lindeboom, Maarten
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation, we find a strong positive impact on cognition for girls and no effects for boys.... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of a massive salt iodization program on human capital formation of school-aged children in China. Exploiting province and time variation, we find a strong positive impact on cognition for girls and no effects for boys. For non-cognitive skills, we find the opposite. We show in a simple model of parental investment that gender preferences can explain our findings. Analyses exploiting within the province, village-level variation in gender attitudes confirm the importance of parental gender preferences. Consequently, large scale programs can have positive (and possibly) unintended effects on gender equality in societies with son preference.

     
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    hdl: 10419/229687
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Current version: Tuesday 8th September, 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2020, 067
    Schlagworte: Iodine; parental investments; gender attitudes; cognitive skills; non-cognitive skills
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The timing of early interventions and child and maternal health
    Autor*in: Hirani, Jonas Lau-Jensen; Sievertsen, Hans Henrik; Wüst, Miriam
    Erschienen: 30 March 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: Version: March 23, 2020
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [Department of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 720 (20)
    Schlagworte: Early-life health; early interventions; nurse home visiting; parental investments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Estimating inter-generational returns to medical care
    new evidence from at-risk newborns
    Autor*in: Clarke, Damian; Lillo Bustos, Nicolás; Tapia Schythe, Kathya
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Targeted treatments of newborns with delicate health stocks have been shown to have considerable returns in terms of survival and later life outcomes. We seek to determine to what degree such treatments are transmitted across generations. We follow... mehr

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    Targeted treatments of newborns with delicate health stocks have been shown to have considerable returns in terms of survival and later life outcomes. We seek to determine to what degree such treatments are transmitted across generations. We follow three generations of linked micro-data from Chile, and use a regression discontinuity design to study the impacts of targeted neonatal health policies based on birth weight assignment rules. While we observe well-known first generation impacts of intensive treatment targeted to very low birth weight newborns, we document the surprising fact that these policies have negative impacts on measures of well-being at birth for second-generation individuals born to mothers who were treated at birth. We show that the mechanism which explains this is a strong impact of early life medical treatment on the likelihood that marginal treated individuals go on to give birth later in life, with receipt in the first generation considerably reverting negative gradients in early life health and eventual fertility. These new stylised facts and results suggest the longterm implications of health policies within family lineages may be quite different to their short term implications, placing more weight on necessary reinforcing interventions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265814
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15593
    Schlagworte: early life interventions; intergenerational mobility; parental investments; fertility; health care provision
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Lowering barriers to remote education
    experimental impacts on parental responses and learning
    Autor*in: Beam, Emily A.; Mukherjee, Priya; Navarro-Sola, Laia
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We conduct a randomized controlled trial with households of secondary school students in Bangladesh to investigate how parents adjust their investments in response to three educational interventions: an informational campaign about an educational... mehr

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    We conduct a randomized controlled trial with households of secondary school students in Bangladesh to investigate how parents adjust their investments in response to three educational interventions: an informational campaign about an educational phone application, an internet data subsidy, and one-on-one phone learning support. We find that offering an educational service in a context where other barriers to take-up exist can still trigger parental educational investments by acting as a signal or nudge. These behavioral changes result in lasting learning gains concentrated among richer households, reflecting that the relevant behavior change - increased tutoring investment - is easier for them to implement. In contrast, when interventions do increase take-up, they have the potential to narrow the socioeconomic achievement gap. We observe that increased usage of the targeted educational service limits parental behavioral responses. This implies that learning gains in these cases are directly caused by the potential effectiveness of the services adopted. In our setting, remote one-to-one teacher support improves learning among students from poorer households, whereas receiving the free data package jointly with the app information has no impact on learning.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265817
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15596
    Schlagworte: human capital; parental investments; educational technology; educational inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Entitled to property
    how breaking the gender barrier improves child health in India
    Autor*in: Hossain, Shahadat Md.; Nikolov, Plamen
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Non-unitary household models suggest that enhancing women's bargaining power can influence child health, a crucial determinant of human capital and economic standing throughout adulthood. We examine the effects of a policy shift, the Hindu Succession... mehr

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    Non-unitary household models suggest that enhancing women's bargaining power can influence child health, a crucial determinant of human capital and economic standing throughout adulthood. We examine the effects of a policy shift, the Hindu Succession Act Amendment (HSAA), which granted inheritance rights to unmarried women in India, on child health. Our findings indicate that the HSAA improved children's height and weight. Furthermore, we uncover evidence supporting a mechanism whereby the policy bolstered women's intra-household bargaining power, resulting in downstream benefits through enhanced parental care for children and improved child health. These results emphasize that children fare better when mothers control a larger share of family resources. Policies empowering women can yield additional positive externalities for children's human capital.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278891
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16193
    Schlagworte: human capital; height; bargaining; parental investments; developing countries; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. What drives parental investments in early childhood?
    experimental evidence from a video intervention in Rwanda
    Autor*in: Justino, Patricia; Leone, Marinella; Rolla, Pierfrancesco; Abimpaye, Monique
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This paper investigates the causal impact of a randomized video intervention designed to study the determinants of parental time investments in early childhood among low-income parents. We designed and screened a video that provided information and... mehr

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    This paper investigates the causal impact of a randomized video intervention designed to study the determinants of parental time investments in early childhood among low-income parents. We designed and screened a video that provided information and conveyed persuasive messages about the importance of parental investments in early childhood. In a second video, we added a positive feedback message to parents about their accomplishments during their participation in an earlier parenting program. We find that this second treatment (information plus feedback) improves maternal time investment by 0.2 SD. The provision of information without positive feedback was not enough to shift parental behavior on average but generated important heterogeneous effects. Notably, the poorest, most disadvantaged households benefited the most from both treatment arms. We explore the potential sources of these changes and document a weak impact of the treatments on parental self-efficacy and knowledge beliefs, but a strong positive effect of the treatments on social support within the community. This result suggests a potentially important role for social networks in parenting interventions in low-income settings.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292673833
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283771
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2023, 75
    Schlagworte: early childhood development; parental investments; beliefs; technology; human capital; Rwanda
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Big sisters
    Autor*in: Jakiela, Pamela; Ozier, Owen; Fernald, Lia C. H.; Knauer, Heather
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 559 (October 2020)
    Schlagworte: sisters; girls; girl effect; girl power; Family Care Indicators; early childhood; human capital; household structure; parental investments; natural experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. On the quantity and quality of girls
    fertility, parental investments, and mortality
    Autor*in: Anukriti, S; Bhalotra, Sonia; Tam, Hiu
    Erschienen: January 2018
    Verlag:  Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

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    Schriftenreihe: Boston College working papers in economics ; 950
    Schlagworte: abortion; child mortality; fertility; gender; health; India; missing girls; parental investments; prenatal sex detection; sex-selection; ultrasound
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Integrating minorities in the classroom
    the role of students, parents, and teachers
    Autor*in: Gendre, Alexandra de; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Salamanca, Nicolás; Zenou, Yves
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich survey data... mehr

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    We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to minority peers decreases student effort, parental investments, and teacher engagement and it results in lower student test scores. Observables correlated with minority status explain less than a third of the reduced-form test score effect while over a third can be descriptively attributed to endogenous responses of the agents.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299897
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16969
    Schlagworte: minorities; indigenous students; peer effects; student effort; parental investments; teachers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Birth order in the very long-run
    estimating firstborn premiums between 1850 and 1940
    Autor*in: Cools, Angela; Grooms, Jared; Karbownik, Krzysztof; O'Keefe, Siobhan M.; Price, Joseph; Wray, Anthony
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we study how the... mehr

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    The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we study how the family's role in human capital production evolved over this period. We find firstborn premiums for occupational outcomes, marriage, and fertility that are similar across census waves. Our results indicate that the returns to investments in the family environment were stable over a long period.

     
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    hdl: 10419/300023
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11095 (2024)
    Schlagworte: birth order; parental investments; occupation outcomes; intergenerational mobility; marriage; fertility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  16. Culture of origin, parenting, and household labor supply
    Autor*in: Brilli, Ylenia; Moriconi, Simone
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper analyzes how culture affects the engagement of parents in child-rearing activities, and time allocations of parents inside the family. We use data from the World Value Survey to construct a country-specific measure of the value attached to... mehr

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    This paper analyzes how culture affects the engagement of parents in child-rearing activities, and time allocations of parents inside the family. We use data from the World Value Survey to construct a country-specific measure of the value attached to obedience as a child quality, which we associate with the actual parenting behavior and time investments of first-and second-generation migrant parents in Australia. We show that migrant parents from countries in which obedience is more valued as an important child quality, are more likely to be warm and to enact discipline in their parent-child interactions. We also show that a higher value of obedience in the country of origin is associated with a shift of parental time from general care to playing activities, and from the weekdays to the weekends. These results are robust to a large set of sensitivity analyses, which account for omitted variable bias and selection. Finally, we provide evidence that this cultural value may feature a more egalitarian allocation of parenting vs. labor supply tasks at the household level, by increasing fathers’ parental time and mothers’ labor supply at the intensive margin. We interpret this as indirect evidence that fathers may have a greater marginal utility from parenting time than mothers, on average.

     
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    hdl: 10419/300055
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11127 (2024)
    Schlagworte: culture; parental investments; parenting; labor supply
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The parental wage gap and the development of socio-emotional skills in children
    Autor*in: Hufe, Paul
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Converging labor market opportunities of men and women have altered the economic incentives for how families invest monetary and time resources into the skill development of their children. In this paper, I study the causal impact of changes in the... mehr

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    Converging labor market opportunities of men and women have altered the economic incentives for how families invest monetary and time resources into the skill development of their children. In this paper, I study the causal impact of changes in the parental wage gap (PWG) - defined as the relative difference in potential wages of mothers and fathers - on children's socio-emotional skills. I leverage administrative and survey data from Germany to create exogenous between-sibling variation in the PWG through a shift-share design. I find that decreases in the PWG do not affect children's socio-emotional development as measured by their Big Five personality traits and externalizing/internalizing behaviors. This null effect can be rationalized by the offsetting effects of the PWG on monetary investments, i.e., more disposable household income that is increasingly controlled by mothers, and time investments, i.e., a substitution from in-home maternal care to informal childcare.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299905
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16977
    Schlagworte: gender gaps; skill development; parental investments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Culture of origin, parenting, and household labor supply
    Autor*in: Brilli, Ylenia; Moriconi, Simone
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  CHILD, Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic Economics, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Università degli studi di Torino, [Torino]

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    Schriftenreihe: CHILD working papers ; no. 114 (May 2024)
    Schlagworte: culture; parental investments; parenting; labor supply
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Culture of origin, parenting, and household labor supply
    Autor*in: Brilli, Ylenia; Moriconi, Simone
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Economics ; 2023, no. 17
    Schlagworte: culture; parental investments; parenting; labor supply
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Integrating minorities in the classroom
    the role of students, parents, and teachers
    Autor*in: Gendre, Alexandra de; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Salamanca, Nicolás; Zenou, Yves
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich survey data... mehr

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    We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to minority peers decreases student effort, parental investments, and teacher engagement and it results in lower student test scores. Observables correlated with minority status explain less than a third of the reduced-form test score effect while over a third can be descriptively attributed to endogenous responses of the agents.

     
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    hdl: 10419/300033
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11105 (2024)
    Schlagworte: minorities; indigenous students; peer effects; student effort; parental investments; teachers
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The parental wage gap and the development of socio-emotional skills in children
    Autor*in: Hufe, Paul
    Erschienen: May 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Converging labor market opportunities of men and women have altered the economic incentives for how families invest monetary and time resources into the skill development of their children. In this paper, I study the causal impact of changes in the... mehr

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    Converging labor market opportunities of men and women have altered the economic incentives for how families invest monetary and time resources into the skill development of their children. In this paper, I study the causal impact of changes in the parental wage gap (PWG)—defined as the relative difference in potential wages of mothers and fathers—on children’s socio-emotional skills. I leverage administrative and survey data from Germany to create exogenous between-sibling variation in the PWG through a shift-share design. I find that decreases in the PWG do not affect children’s socio-emotional development as measured by their Big Five personality traits and externalizing/internalizing behaviors. This null effect can be rationalized by the offsetting effects of the PWG on monetary investments, i.e., more disposable household income that is increasingly controlled by mothers, and time investments, i.e., a substitution from in-home maternal care to informal childcare.

     
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    hdl: 10419/300039
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11111 (2024)
    Schlagworte: gender gaps; skill development; parental investments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Birth order in the very long-run
    estimating firstborn premiums between 1850 and 1940
    Autor*in: Cools, Angela; Grooms, Jared; Karbownik, Krzysztof; O'Keefe, Siobhan M.; Price, Joseph; Wray, Anthony
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we study how the... mehr

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    The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we study how the family's role in human capital production evolved over this period. We find firstborn premiums for occupational outcomes, marriage, and fertility that are similar across census waves. Our results indicate that the returns to investments in the family environment were stable over a long period.

     
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    hdl: 10419/299881
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16953
    Schlagworte: birth order; parental investments; occupational outcomes; intergenerational mobility; marriage; fertility
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)