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  1. Empirical Monte Carlo evidence on estimation of timing-of-events models
    Autor*in: Lombardi, Stefano; Berg, Gerard J. van den; Vikström, Johan
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper builds on the Empirical Monte Carlo simulation approach developed by Huber et al. (2013) to study the estimation of Timing-of-Events (ToE) models. We exploit rich Swedish data of unemployed job-seekers with information on participation in... mehr

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    This paper builds on the Empirical Monte Carlo simulation approach developed by Huber et al. (2013) to study the estimation of Timing-of-Events (ToE) models. We exploit rich Swedish data of unemployed job-seekers with information on participation in a training program to simulate placebo treatment durations. We first use these simulations to examine which covariates are key confounders to be included in selection models. The joint inclusion of specific short-term employment history indicators (notably, the share of time spent in employment), together with baseline socio-economic characteristics, regional and inflow timing information, is important to deal with selection bias. Next, we omit subsets of explanatory variables and estimate ToE models with discrete distributions for the ensuing systematic unobserved heterogeneity. In many cases the ToE approach provides accurate effect estimates, especially if time-varying variation in the unemployment rate of the local labor market is taken into account. However, assuming too many or too few support points for unobserved heterogeneity may lead to large biases. Information criteria, in particular those penalizing parameter abundance, are useful to select the number of support points.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232767
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14015
    Schlagworte: duration analysis; unemployment; propensity score; matching; training; employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Outside options drive wage inequalities in continuing jobs
    evidence from a natural experiment
    Autor*in: Lukesch, Veronika; Zwick, Thomas
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    The literature on wage bargaining so far mainly argues that unemployment benefits are relevant outside options for employees. This paper demonstrates that also a change in outside wage options drives wages in continuing jobs. The authors use the... mehr

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    The literature on wage bargaining so far mainly argues that unemployment benefits are relevant outside options for employees. This paper demonstrates that also a change in outside wage options drives wages in continuing jobs. The authors use the natural experiment of a crafts reform that reduces outside wage options for a clearly defined treatment group of employees in deregulated crafts occupations in comparison to employees in crafts occupations that have not been reformed. Five years after the reform, the wages of employees in deregulated crafts increased by five percent less than wages of employees in the other group. Reform effects are concentrated in employers with high increases in their median wage level after the reform. Wage differences therefore seem to be the result of wage renegotiations initiated by employees, rather than renegotiations initiated by employers. Works councils or collective bargaining, firm size, firm profits or regional unemployment have no impact on wage differetiation after taking wage increases into account. They show for the first time that changes in outside options induce wage differentiation at the employer level even in the tightly regulated German labour market. They use entropy matching on the basis of a large representative administrative linked employer-employee panel data set to guarantee homogeneous treatment and control groups before the reform. They isolate the outside wage option effect from other wage determinants by restricting our sample to employers not affected by the crafts reform.

     
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    hdl: 10419/229142
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 21, 003 (01/2021)
    Schlagworte: wage bargaining; outside options; diff-in-diff estimation; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Affirmative action in India via vertical, horizontal, and overlapping reservations
    Autor*in: Sönmez, Tayfun; Yenmez, M. Bumin
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: January 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Boston College working papers in economics ; 1026
    Schlagworte: Market design; matching; affirmative action
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    This version subsumes and replaces two distinct working papers “Affirmative Action in India via Vertical and Horizontal Reservations” (Sönmez and Yenmez, 2019) and "Affirmative Action with Overlapping Reserves" (Sönmez and Yenmez, 2020)
  4. Optimal assignment mechanisms with imperfect verification
    Autor*in: Pereyra, Juan; Silva, Francisco
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  [Universidad de la República], [Montevideo, Uruguay]

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    hdl: 20.500.12008/25456
    Schriftenreihe: Documentos de trabajo / dECON, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República ; no. 20, 04 (setiembre 2020)
    Schlagworte: imperfect veri cation; evidence; mechanism design; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Report-dependent utility and strategy-proofness
    Autor*in: Meisner, Vincent
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    Despite the truthful dominant strategy, participants in strategy-proof me- chanisms submit manipulated preferences. In our model, participants dislike rejections and enjoy the confirmation from getting what they declared most desirable. Formally, the... mehr

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    Despite the truthful dominant strategy, participants in strategy-proof me- chanisms submit manipulated preferences. In our model, participants dislike rejections and enjoy the confirmation from getting what they declared most desirable. Formally, the payoff from a match decreases in its position in the submitted ranking such that a strategic trade-off between preference intensity and match probability arises. This trade-off can trigger the commonly observed self-selection strategies. We show that misrepresentations can persist for arbitrarily small report-dependent components. However, honesty is guaranteed to be optimal if and only if there is no conflict between the quality and feasibility of a match.

     
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    hdl: 10419/244329
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 289 (October 21, 2021)
    Schlagworte: Market design; matching; school choice; self-regarding preferences; strategy-proof mechanisms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
  6. Rules, preferences and evolution from the family angle
    Autor*in: Cigno, Alessandro
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper reviews the literature concerning the evolution of cultural traits in general and preferences in particular, and the emergence and persistence of rules or norms, from a family perspective. In models where every new person is effectively... mehr

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    This paper reviews the literature concerning the evolution of cultural traits in general and preferences in particular, and the emergence and persistence of rules or norms, from a family perspective. In models where every new person is effectively the clone of an existing one (either a parent or anyone else), there may be evolution only in the demographic sense that the share of the population who hold a certain trait increases or decreases. Evolution in the strict sense of new traits making their appearance occurs in models where the trait characterizing any given member of any given generation is a combination of traits drawn at random from those represented in the previous generation. Preferences may be altruistic or non-altruistic, but individuals may behave as if they were altruistic even if they are not, because a rule or norm may make it in their interest to do so. Evolutionary stability and renegotiation proofness play analogous roles, the former by selecting altruistic preferences, and the latter by selecting cooperation-inducing rules. The existence of population groups recognizable by outward characteristics like ethnicity or religious practice may convey useful information regarding imperfectly observable traits, such as preferences, of direct interest to individuals, but it may also lead individuals to judge others by their group membership rather than by their unobservable individual qualities, and thus to see them as possible foes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245672
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14621
    Schlagworte: evolution; preferences; rules; socialization; matching; hold-up problem
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  7. Preference signaling and worker-firm matching: evidence from interview auctions
    Autor*in: Laschever, Ron A.; Weinstein, Russell
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study whether there are improvements in worker-firm matching when employers and applicants can credibly signal their interest in a match. Using a detailed résumé dataset of more than 400 applicants from one university over five years, we analyze a... mehr

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    We study whether there are improvements in worker-firm matching when employers and applicants can credibly signal their interest in a match. Using a detailed résumé dataset of more than 400 applicants from one university over five years, we analyze a matching process in which firms fill some of their inter- view slots by invitation and the remainder are filled by an auction. Consistent with the predictions of a signaling model, we find the auction is valuable for less desirable firms trying to hire high desirability applicants. Second, we find evidence that is consistent with the auction benefiting overlooked applicants. Candidates who are less likely to be invited for an interview (e.g., non-U.S. citizens) are hired after having the opportunity to interview through the auction. Among hires, these candidates are more represented among auction winners than invited interviewees, and this difference is more pronounced at more desirable firms. Finally, counterfactual analysis shows the auction increases the number and quality of hires for less desirable firms, and total hires in the market.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245673
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14622
    Schlagworte: labor markets; signaling; hiring; interview; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Rules, preferences and evolution from the family angle
    Autor*in: Cigno, Alessandro
    Erschienen: August 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper reviews the literature concerning the evolution of cultural traits in general and preferences in particular, and the emergence and persistence of rules or norms, from a family per-spective. In models where every new person is effectively... mehr

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    This paper reviews the literature concerning the evolution of cultural traits in general and preferences in particular, and the emergence and persistence of rules or norms, from a family per-spective. In models where every new person is effectively the clone of an existing one (either a parent or anyone else), there may be evolution only in the demographic sense that the share of the population who hold a certain trait increases or decreases. Evolution in the strict sense of new traits making their appearance occurs in models where the trait characterizing any given member of any given generation is a combination of traits drawn at random from those represented in the previous generation. Preferences may be altruistic or non-altruistic, but individuals may behave as if they were altruistic even if they are not, because a rule or norm may make it in their interest to do so. Evolutionary stability and renegotiation proofness play analogous roles, the former by selecting altruistic preferences, and the latter by selecting cooperation-inducing rules.

     
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    hdl: 10419/245407
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9226 (2021)
    Schlagworte: evolution; preferences; family rules; social norms; socialization; matching; hold-up problem
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  9. Matching workers' skills and firms' technologies: from bundling to unbundling
    Autor*in: Choné, Philippe; Kramarz, Francis
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Center for Research in Economics and Statistics, Palaiseau, France

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Center for Research in Economics and Statistics ; no. 2021, 10 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: bundling; multidimensional skills; matching; sorting; heterogeneous firms; polarization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. A holistic approach to identify collaborative shipping opportunities
    Autor*in: Kant, Goos; Beest, Ilja van; Brekelmans, Ruud
    Erschienen: 10 November 2021
    Verlag:  CentER, Center for Economic Research, Tilburg

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / CentER, Center for Economic Research ; no. 2021, 032
    Schlagworte: strategic horizontal collaboration; logistics; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Two-sided markets, pricing, and network effects
    Autor*in: Jullien, Bruno; Pavan, Alessandro; Rysman, Marc
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1238
    Schlagworte: Two-sided market; platform; pricing; network effects; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 101 Seiten)
  12. School choice and loss aversion
    Autor*in: Meisner, Vincent; Wangenheim, Jonas von
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Evidence suggests that participants in direct student-proposing deferred-acceptance mechanisms (DA) play dominated strategies. To explain the data, we introduce expectation-based loss aversion into a school-choice setting and characterize... mehr

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    Evidence suggests that participants in direct student-proposing deferred-acceptance mechanisms (DA) play dominated strategies. To explain the data, we introduce expectation-based loss aversion into a school-choice setting and characterize choice-acclimating personal equilibria in DA. We find that non-truthful preference submissions can be strictly optimal if and only if they are top-choice monotone. In equilibrium, DA may implement allocations with justified envy. Specifically, it discriminates against students who are more loss averse or less confident than their peers, and amplifies already existing discrimination. To level the playing field, we propose sequential mechanisms as alternatives that are robust to these biases.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9479 (2021)
    Schlagworte: market design; matching; school choice; reference-dependent preferences; loss aversion; deferred acceptance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Who benefits most from a same-race mentor?
    evidence from a nationwide youth mentoring program
    Autor*in: Champion, Brachel; Szlendak, Zachary; Woodruff, Corey
    Erschienen: October 21, 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder ; no. 21, 06
    Schlagworte: youth mentoring; race congruence; matching; child development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Commitments and the marital match: the effect of alimony reform on assortative matching
    Autor*in: Fernández-Kranz, Daniel; Roff, Jennifer
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines the effects of reforms that reduced alimony on matching in the marriage market. Recent literature indicates that divorce law changes which reduce commitment or income-sharing upon separation will lead to an increase in assortative... mehr

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    This paper examines the effects of reforms that reduced alimony on matching in the marriage market. Recent literature indicates that divorce law changes which reduce commitment or income-sharing upon separation will lead to an increase in assortative matching, as women forgo specialization which may not be compensated upon divorce. Using state-level data on alimony reform that reduced the entitlements of eligible spouses and American Community Survey data on marriage and the characteristics of newlyweds, we find that alimony reform increased measures of spousal covariance in education. Our results indicate that correlation coefficients on spousal degree attainment consistently rise with alimony reform, and regression-based measures of assortative matching increase similarly. Moreover, we find the largest effects among those groups who might be more sensitive to the reform. Regression-based measures of assortative matching increase by over 10% among couples in which at least one partner had previously been married and by 9% among those couples who marry in states with less generous property division and child support which are often treated as substitutes for alimony in divorce settlements.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250538
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14877
    Schlagworte: marriage; matching; divorce law; alimony; assortativ ematching; commitment mechanisms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Policy biases in a model with labor market frictions
    Autor*in: Dennis, Richard J.; Kirsanova, Tatiana
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Canberra

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    Schriftenreihe: CAMA working paper ; 2021, 63 (July 2021)
    Schlagworte: Labor market frictions; matching; optimal policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Cupid's invisible hand: social surplus and identification in matching models
    Autor*in: Galichon, Alfred; Salanié, Bernard
    Erschienen: June 1, 2021
    Verlag:  Columbia University, Columbia Economics, New York, NY

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Columbia Economics, Program for Economic Research
    Schlagworte: Ehe; Matching; Familienökonomik; Matching; Marriage; Assignment; Hedonic prices; matching; marriage; assignment; hedonic prices
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Matching supply and demand of electricity network-supportive flexibility
    a case study with three comprehensible matching algorithms
    Autor*in: Heilmann, Erik; Zeiselmair, Andreas; Estermann, Thomas
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg

    Due to an ongoing energy transition, electricity networks are increasingly challenged by situations where local electrical power demands are high but local generation is low and vice versa. This finally leads to a growing number of technical... mehr

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    Due to an ongoing energy transition, electricity networks are increasingly challenged by situations where local electrical power demands are high but local generation is low and vice versa. This finally leads to a growing number of technical problems. To solve these problems in the short-term, the electrical power of load and generation must be adjusted as available flexibility. In zonal electricity systems, one often discussed concept to utilize flexibility is local flexibility markets. Based on auction theory, we provide a comprehensible framework for the use of network-supportive flexibility in general. In this context, we discuss the problem of matching supply and demand. We introduce three matching approaches that can be applied and adapted for different network situations. In addition to a qualitative description of the three approaches, we present a case study of an exemplary distribution network and explore different scenarios to demonstrate the utility of the algorithms. We compare the three approaches on a qualitative level with quantitative inputs from the case study. The comparison considers the specific cost, flexible energy, ensured demand coverage, data minimization, computational effort and the transferability of the three approaches.

     
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    hdl: 10419/234864
    Schriftenreihe: Joint discussion paper series in economics ; no. 2021, 10
    Schlagworte: local flexibility markets; matching; multi-dimensional winner determination; electricity network operation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Positive skill clustering in role assignment matching models
    Autor*in: Anderson, Axel
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Georgetown University, Department of Economics, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Georgetown University, Department of Economics ; 21, 05
    Schlagworte: matching; task assignment; role assignment; positive clustering; median matching; sorting; inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The comparative statics of sorting
    Autor*in: Anderson, Axel; Smith, Lones
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Georgetown University, Department of Economics, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Georgetown University, Department of Economics ; 21, 06
    Schlagworte: Sorting; comparative statics; matching; complementarity; single crossing aggregation; monotone methods
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Measuring the effect of health events in the labour market
    Autor*in: Duguet, Emmanuel
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Equipe de recherche sur l'utilisation des données individuelles en lien avec la théorie économique, [Marne-la-Vallée]

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    Schriftenreihe: Series of ERUDITE working papers ; no 2021, 01
    Schlagworte: labour; health; matching; differencing; treatment effects; panel data
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  21. Gender differences in student evaluations of teaching: identification and consequences
    Autor*in: Cannon, Edmund S.; Cipriani, Giam Pietro
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) have been suggested as one possible cause for low representation of women among academic economists. While econometric analyses using control variables certainly report that SETs can be influenced by the gender... mehr

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    Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) have been suggested as one possible cause for low representation of women among academic economists. While econometric analyses using control variables certainly report that SETs can be influenced by the gender of both teacher and student, such studies may still be biased if there is non-random allocation of teachers to teaching. Even if causal estimates of gender effects are unbiased, the inference that SETs contribute to gender discrimination is hazardous, since hiring or promotion committees would not have access to these controls when evaluating SETs. We use data from an Italian university to quantify the effect of controls on gender effects and conclude that there is insufficient evidence to blame SETs for a gender imbalance in Economics.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14387
    Schlagworte: students' evaluation of teaching; gender bias; matching; teaching allocation; hiring and promotion
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  22. Why U.S. immigration barriers matter for the global advancement of science
    Autor*in: Agarwal, Ruchir; Ganguli, Ina; Gaulé, Patrick; Smith, Geoff
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge network-... mehr

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    This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge network- representing 20-33% of the frontier knowledge producers. Second, using novel survey data and hand-curated life-histories of International Math Olympiad (IMO) medalists, we show that migrants to the U.S. are up to six times more productive than migrants to other countries-even after accounting for talent during one's teenage years. Third, financing costs are a key factor preventing foreign talent from migrating abroad to pursue their dream careers, particularly talent from developing countries. Fourth, certain 'push' incentives that reduce immigration barriers - by addressing financing constraints for top foreign talent - could increase the global scientific output of future cohorts by 42% percent. We conclude by discussing policy options for the U.S. and the global scientific community.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232768
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14016
    Schlagworte: duration analysis; unemployment; propensity score; matching; training; employment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Paying to match
    decentralized markets with information frictions
    Autor*in: Agranov, Marina; Dianat, Ahrash; Samuelson, Larry; Yariv, Leeat
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We experimentally study decentralized one-to-one matching markets with transfers. We vary the information available to participants, complete or incomplete, and the surplus structure, supermodular or submodular. Several insights emerge. First, while... mehr

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    We experimentally study decentralized one-to-one matching markets with transfers. We vary the information available to participants, complete or incomplete, and the surplus structure, supermodular or submodular. Several insights emerge. First, while markets often culminate in efficient matchings, stability is more elusive, reflecting the difficulty of arranging attendant transfers. Second, incomplete information and submodularity present hurdles to efficiency and especially stability; their combination drastically diminishes stability's likelihood. Third, matchings form "from the top down" in complete-information supermodular markets, but exhibit many more and less-obviously ordered offers otherwise. Last, participants' market positions matter far more than their dynamic bargaining styles for outcomes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232417
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8820 (2021)
    Schlagworte: matching; incomplete information; stability; experiments
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  24. Empirical Monte Carlo evidence on estimation of Timing-of-Events models
    Autor*in: Lombardi, Stefano; Berg, Gerard J. van den; Vikström, Johan
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    This paper builds on the Empirical Monte Carlo simulation approach developed by Huber et al. (2013) to study the estimation of Timing-of-Events (ToE) models. We exploit rich Swedish data of unemployed job-seekers with information on participation in... mehr

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    This paper builds on the Empirical Monte Carlo simulation approach developed by Huber et al. (2013) to study the estimation of Timing-of-Events (ToE) models. We exploit rich Swedish data of unemployed job-seekers with information on participation in a training program to simulate placebo treatment durations. We first use these simulations to examine which covariates are key confounders to be included inselection models. The joint inclusion of specific short-term employment history indicators (notably, the share of time spent in employment), together with baseline socio-economic characteristics, regional and inflow timing information,is important to deal with selection bias. Next, we omit subsets of explanatory variables and estimate ToE models with discrete distributions for the ensuing systematic unobserved heterogeneity. In many cases the ToE approach provides accurate effect estimates, especially if time-varying variation in the unemployment rate of the local labor market is taken into account. However, assuming too many or too few support points for unobserved heterogeneity may lead to large biases. Information criteria, in particular those penalizing parameter abundance, are useful to select the number of support points.

     
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    hdl: 10419/246035
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2020, 26
    Schlagworte: duration analysis; unemployment; propensity score; matching; training; employment
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  25. Rules, preferences and evolutionfrom the family angle
    Autor*in: Cigno, Alessandro
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper reviews the literature concerning the evolution ofcultural traits in general and preferences in particular, and theemergence and persistence of rules or norms, from a family per-spective. In models where each person is e§ectively the clone... mehr

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    This paper reviews the literature concerning the evolution ofcultural traits in general and preferences in particular, and theemergence and persistence of rules or norms, from a family per-spective. In models where each person is e§ectively the clone ofan existing one (either a parent or anyone else), there may beevolution only in the demographic sense that the share of thepopulation who hold a certain trait increases or decreases. Evo-lution in the strict sense of new traits making their appearanceoccurs in models where the trait characterizing any given mem-ber of any given generation is a combination of traits drawn atrandom from those represented in the previous generation. Pref-erences may be altruistic or non-altruistic, but individuals maybehave as if they were altruistic even if they are not, because arule or norm may make it in their interest to do so. Evolutionarystability and renegotiation proofness play analogous roles, theformer by selecting altruistic preferences, and the latter by se-lecting cooperation-inducing rules. The existence of populationgroups recognizable by outward characteristics like ethnicity orreligious practice may convey useful information regarding im-perfectly observable traits of direct interest to individuals, but itmay also lead individuals to judge others by their group member-ship rather than by their unobservable individual qualities, andthus to see them as possible foes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235698
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 894
    Schlagworte: Evolution; preferences; rules; socialization; matching
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten)