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  1. Towards the sustainability of the agricultural landscape the case of the watershed management and implication in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 2344/00051727
    Schriftenreihe: IDE discussion paper ; no. 790
    Schlagworte: watershed; land degradation; forest; climate change; mitigation; sustainable development; Ethiopia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The LFDD - human mobility nexus in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean
    a review of national policy and legal frameworks
  3. The state of the world's land and water resources for food and agriculture 2021 - systems at breaking point
    main report
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789251361276
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    Schlagworte: land resources; soil resources; water resources; climate change; extreme weather events; land degradation; water scarcity; land productivity; agrifood systems; sustainable land management; land governance; investment; socioeconomic development; case studies; world
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 362 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 86-97

  4. Ethiopia - land, energy, climate change, and agricultural development
    a study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa with a population of more than 110 million. With over 10 percent growth rate, the Ethiopian economy has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world over the last one and... mehr

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    Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa with a population of more than 110 million. With over 10 percent growth rate, the Ethiopian economy has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world over the last one and half decades. By any measure agriculture is the dominant economic sector in the country accounting for a sizeable portion of the GDP growth, generating most of the export earnings and employing most of the labour force. The country has diverse agro-ecological conditions which are suitable for growing both temperate and tropical food and industrial crops. This study has tried to review the trends in environment conditions such as energy use, land cover and land use changes as well as the impact of climate change and the policy responses of the Government of Ethiopia. The review clearly shows that Ethiopia is still a poor country with more than one fifth of the population living below the national poverty line. Food insecurity continues to be a big challenge for millions of Ethiopians. Despite being the dominant economic sector, agricultural production is characterized as a low-input-low productivity sector. Land degradation is a very serious problem in Ethiopia due to the fact that many parts of the Ethiopian highlands are mountainous and rugged. Even though Ethiopia has huge potential for generating renewable energy, the majority of the Ethiopian population still relies on biomass energy sources such as wood, animal dung and crop residues. These environmental challenges are also exacerbated due to the effect of climate change. To mitigate the impact of land degradation, deforestation, and climate change, the Government of Ethiopia has formulated and implemented several policies. The Agricultural Growth Program (AGP), the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), the Sustainable Land Management Program (SLM) and the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy are the major programs being implemented to address these environmental challenges. Indeed, these interventions have made noticeable contributions to curb the challenges.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    hdl: 10419/246467
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 198
    Schlagworte: Ethiopia; food insecurity; biomass energy; agricultural development; land degradation; climate change; policy responses
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Mali - land, climate, energy, agriculture and development
    a study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    Mali is a Sub-Saharan African country with 19.1 million people. Almost half of this population lives in poverty, due to the dysfunction of activity sectors (agriculture, energy, education, employment, services, etc.). Natural resource management... mehr

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    Mali is a Sub-Saharan African country with 19.1 million people. Almost half of this population lives in poverty, due to the dysfunction of activity sectors (agriculture, energy, education, employment, services, etc.). Natural resource management especially land and water together with corollaries remain one of the greatest challenges for this dryland region to sustainably face climate change, meet food demand and improve its economy. The social crisis (especially in the northern region) is significantly affecting development and human security as well. This study had been carried out to review the current state of affairs, key trends, problems, solutions and their implications for sustainable development of Mali under changing climate and the impacts of land degradation. Likewise, investment opportunities in the priority areas are highlighted in this report.

     

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    hdl: 10419/246468
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 199
    Schlagworte: Mali; poverty; agriculture; economy; climate change; land degradation; sustainable development
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Niger - land, climate, energy, agriculture and development
    a study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    The Sahel is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change in the world. Located in the central part, Niger is facing many complex and interconnected challenges which strongly hinder the achievement of the key sustainable development goals... mehr

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    The Sahel is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change in the world. Located in the central part, Niger is facing many complex and interconnected challenges which strongly hinder the achievement of the key sustainable development goals (SDGs). The high population growth rate (3.8% per year), weak infrastructure capacity, shortage of essential resources (including water, energy, food) coupled with the adverse impacts of variability and climate change threaten the population and reduce the country's economic growth efforts. With more than 77% of landmass area receiving less than 150 mm of precipitation yearly, and about 80% of the population depending on rainfed agriculture, water scarcity and dryness constitute serious constraints for the agriculture and livestock sectors. In addition, the unequal distribution of agricultural land and livestock worsens the poverty incidence among households, which is characterized by a GINI coefficient of 0.46 and 0.68 for land and livestock respectively. Access to drinking water remains very poor with high disparities between urban (64%) and rural areas (48%). Water sanitation amounting to only 2% in rural and 38% in urban areas, respectively, also remains a great issue. Elsewhere, several drought and flood episodes have negatively impacted agricultural productivity, causing recurrent famines and livestock losses. The situation is exacerbated by the impacts of land degradation, the advancement of desertification and also by climate change and variability threats, which are projected to increase in magnitude, intensity, duration and number over the country under all climate change scenarios. The country's high potential of renewable and non-renewable groundwater resources can be used for residential, agricultural and industrial purposes to overcome negative climate change impacts. Regarding the energy sector, the country is currently in an undesirable state, with very limited modern energy services (2% of the population), low electricity access (average rate of 18%, with around 10% in rural areas) and high dependency on traditional biomass (77% of primary energy consumption). However, the country is fortunate to have a tremendous amount of energy resources, including fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) and renewables (solar, hydropower, and wind), that can be used to overcome many of the observed challenges and thereby contribute significantly in the achievement of various SDGs, including those related to affordable and clean energy, no poverty, and zero hunger. Indeed, in addition to resources for electricity production, Niger has a large surface water potential in the Niger River, with an average discharge of 6000 m3 /s and length of about 550 km, which can be mobilized for irrigation to enable food security. Therefore, socioeconomic development requires an integrated approach that brings all the key sectors into a common framework in order to solve the aforementioned challenges. Hence, in key development areas, several development policies and strategies from government, NGOs, and technical and financial partners have been initiated and implemented for inequality and poverty reduction to improve livelihoods in the country.

     

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    hdl: 10419/246469
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 200
    Schlagworte: Sahel; energy; climate change; land degradation; innovation; policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Nigeria - land, climate, energy, agriculture and development
    a study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    This review report involves the analysis and synthesis of literatures on climate change, land use, energy, livelihoods and sustainable development in Nigeria. The methodology employed in the review involves searching keywords related to the study... mehr

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    This review report involves the analysis and synthesis of literatures on climate change, land use, energy, livelihoods and sustainable development in Nigeria. The methodology employed in the review involves searching keywords related to the study objectives on relevant literature search engines and platforms, including Google Scholar and Cross Referencing through triangulation of search results. The articles were screened and validated for inclusion or exclusion based on relevance, content and context. The review process follows the sustainable livelihoods framework. The search returns are complimented with published reports. The report provides information on the current status and guidance on appropriate interventions and innovative investments in Nigeria. Specifically, this report provides a systematic literature review on: 1) situation and trends in energy and land use changes, 2) observed and projected impacts of climate change, 3) technological, socioeconomic and policy actions for sustainable land management and climate change adaptation and mitigation, 4) evaluation of existing major policies and investments, and 5) conclusion and policy implications. Based on the assessment of literature in this study, the key trends and problems include inadequate attention to the agricultural sector over the years, which has caused a major setback in food security and productivity. Climate change has further exacerbated the problem through desertification, drought and flooding across the country. The literature further revealed inadequate energy supply, distribution and low per capita consumption in Nigeria. The use of fuel wood for heating and cooking has significantly contributed to deforestation by worsening land degradation. Resulting implications are that food security is threatened and economic growth is hampered. Land degradation negatively impacts the environment and the rural poor whose livelihoods depend on it. Opportunities in agriculture and renewable energy should be further harnessed and forest and land use policies should be enforced to ensure sustainable livelihoods. In Nigeria, policies and investment plans on land use, energy/electricity and agricultural livelihoods are not coherent and lack consistency in implementation. Thus, lack of strong institutions has resulted in the weak performance witnessed in programme and policy implementation on climate change mitigation, land use, energy and sustainable development in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for productive, viable, sustainable policy and programmes that support climate change mitigation, land use, energy and sustainable development in Nigeria. Another important suggestion is the need for provision of renewable energy mix (off-grid) in forms that are easily accessible and affordable by households. Adequate attention should be paid to the provision of bio-energy and the wider bio-economy framework, including the transformation of solid waste, wood waste and agricultural waste into bio-gas and energy. Overall, the investment landscape in Nigeria is improving, and various opportunities for investment in agricultural livelihoods and value chains, renewable energy, carbon trading and green bonds should be harnessed through public-private partnerships.

     

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    hdl: 10419/246470
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 201
    Schlagworte: Sahel; energy; climate change; land degradation; innovation; policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Senegal - land, climate, energy, agriculture and development
    a study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    Located in West Africa, Senegal is classified as a least-developed country that has historically had political stability and slow economic growth compared to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, from 2012 onward, a new government has... mehr

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    Located in West Africa, Senegal is classified as a least-developed country that has historically had political stability and slow economic growth compared to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, from 2012 onward, a new government has adopted new policies (infrastructure investments, liberalization of the groundnut sector and opening of the energy sector) to enhance economic growth and governance. Senegal thus experienced significant improvements in the period from 2012 to 2015. Future economic growth in Senegal can be significantly shaped by the energy sector regarding the recent oil and gas discoveries if the common resource curse can be avoided. The country is characterized by a poverty rate of 38 percent and fairly stable food security, with only 7.2 percent of the population being food insecure. However, some localized pockets of acute food needs remain. This is in part linked to agricultural production (the main source of income and labor), which depends highly on climatic hazards. Moreover, production resources such as land are highly vulnerable to climatic and anthropogenic factors. The country has a good access rate to electricity and safe water. However, access to electricity is unequal, with rural lagging behind urban areas. [...] The evaluation of key policies, the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for climate governance, the PRACAS (for agriculture and food security) and land-use policies highlights the main factors for success and failure and identifies key challenges that the government of Senegal needs to pay close attention to in order to ensure greater policy design and implementation success in the future. The main challenges are related to governance, funding and monitoring and evaluation. In terms of governance, it is important to ensure the participatory design and implementation of the policies to foster stakeholders' ownership and thus facilitate their implication. As for funding, the key is to avoid building policy objectives based on unsecured funding by making realistic plans based on already secured funding (if possible, from the national budget). Finally, in terms of monitoring and evaluation, it is key to ensure the sustained availability of good-quality statistical data to allow better targeting of areas in which to intervene, better allocation of financial resources and better assessment of gaps, progress, and impact.

     

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    hdl: 10419/246471
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 202
    Schlagworte: Sahel; energy; climate change; land degradation; innovation; policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Sudan - land, climate, energy, agriculture and development
    a study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Center for Development Research, Bonn, Germany

    Sudan is situated in Sub-Saharan Africa, covering an area of about 1.9 million km2 and has a population of 43 million. It is regarded as one of the countries in the world where human development is least advanced with a poverty rate of about 46%.... mehr

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    Sudan is situated in Sub-Saharan Africa, covering an area of about 1.9 million km2 and has a population of 43 million. It is regarded as one of the countries in the world where human development is least advanced with a poverty rate of about 46%. Sudan's economy is based on agriculture, which contributes about one-third of the (GDP). Sudan's agriculture has three distinct crop and three distinct livestock production systems. The Crop production systems are: irrigated, traditional and mechanized rain-fed farming. The livestock production systems are: nomadic, transhumant and sedentary systems. The annual cultivated land is around 20 million hectares, more than 85% of which are rain-fed. The livestock population is estimated at 105 million heads concentrated in nomadic and transhumant production systems. Water resources in Sudan are: river Nile and its tributaries, seasonal streams, underground water and surface water. Sources of energy are: biomass; electricity (hydro and fossil fuels) and petroleum products, accounting for about 78,8% and 14%, respectively, of the total energy balance. Sudan has significant renewable energy resources. Particularly solar energy is well distributed all over the country thus having the potential to facilitate the provision of energy services to rural settlements. [...] Sudan has implemented several plans and policies which directly relate to climate change adaptation and development priorities. The focus of these plans and policies is: food security and raising productivity, reducing poverty and enhancing adaptation and resilience to climate change, protecting and developing natural resources, land tenure problems and strengthening governance and institutional capacity. These interventions had limited success in achieving their objectives. The main reasons are: a lack of political stability and fluctuating economic and financial policies as well as weak administrative and implementation capacity of the government institutions. The main lessons learnt are: agricultural-development programmes require increased and more effective public and private partnershipsinvolving the main stakeholders. The low flow of finance to the agricultural sector remains one of the obstacles of agricultural growth. In addition to the poor rural infrastructure, the ongoing conflicts and social unrest in many parts of the country are strongly impacting the performance of the economy and constraining the development plans and policies.

     

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    hdl: 10419/246472
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 203
    Schlagworte: Sahel; energy; climate change; land degradation; innovation; policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Land, climate, energy, agriculture and development in the Sahel
    synthesis paper of case studies under the Sudano-Sahelian initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security

    This paper synthesizes a set of national case studies conducted in the Sahelian countries during 2019- 2020 as a collaboration between national universities and research institutes, and the Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn,... mehr

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    This paper synthesizes a set of national case studies conducted in the Sahelian countries during 2019- 2020 as a collaboration between national universities and research institutes, and the Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, with contributions from the Agrhymet Regional Centre, Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS). These case studies provide up-to-date knowledge and critical insights on the nexus of land degradation, climate change and energy in the Sahel. The current synthesis paper highlights their major findings and provides crosscutting and cross-regional analytical conclusions. First, the synthesis paper explores current trends in the Sahel region on land use and land degradation, energy use and supply, climate change projections and impacts, as well as their interactions and links to agricultural growth, food security, poverty reduction, and peace in the region. Second, technological, socio-economic and policy solutions at the nexus of land, water, energy and climate challenges that enable environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive rural development in the Sahel are discussed, including their interactions and implications for peace and stability in the region. The findings show that such socio-economic solutions as improving access to markets, strengthening social safety nets, increasing investments to transport and energy infrastructures, promoting land tenure security, expanding off-farm employment opportunities can greatly contribute to rural development in the Sahel, particularly by aiding climate change resilience and sustainable land management. Key technological innovations highlighted across the case studies include expanding irrigation and adopting water use efficient irrigation techniques, crop diversification, expanding agricultural mechanization, investing into restoring and rehabilitating degraded lands through reforestation, afforestation and agroforestry practices. The key lessons learnt from ongoing national policy initiatives for sustainable development highlight the importance of active stakeholder consultation and participation in policy formulation, institution of effective policy monitoring and assessment mechanisms, and avoiding of excessive reliance on external sources of funding for the successful implementation of sustainable development policies and programs. Based on these findings, the synthesis paper proposes an agenda for applied research to provide guidance to and accompany promising development strategies in and for the region.

     

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    hdl: 10419/246473
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / zef, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn ; 204
    Schlagworte: Wirtschaftsentwicklung; Agrarpolitik; Energiepolitik; Umweltpolitik; Entwicklungshilfe; Sahel; water-energy-food security nexus; food insecurity; land degradation; climate change adaptation; development policies; job creation; infrastructure; conflicts; future research agenda
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen