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  1. Operation Allied Force: unintended consequences of the NATO bombing on children's outcomes
    Autor*in: Lebedinski, Lara; Migali, Giuseppe; Popovic, Milos; Vujić, Sunčica
    Erschienen: July 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This is the first paper that estimates the causal effect of the NATO's Operation Allied Force in Serbia in 1999, on children who were in the womb during the bombing. We investigate the in utero effect in terms of short-term outcomes, such as... mehr

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    This is the first paper that estimates the causal effect of the NATO's Operation Allied Force in Serbia in 1999, on children who were in the womb during the bombing. We investigate the in utero effect in terms of short-term outcomes, such as birthweight, as well as medium-term outcomes measured by grades of 15-year-old pupils at the end of primary school. Using the birth records of the Serbian Statistical Office, we estimate difference-in-differences models, combined with propensity score matching. We compare the birthweight of children born in the same year (1999) and in the months just before and after the bombing, and children born in the same months of the previous year (1998). We then exploit the data on educational achievement at the end of primary school, provided by the Ministry of Education, to estimate matching models of the effect of the bombing on individual grades. Our findings suggest that children in utero during the bombing were 2pp more likely to be born with a lower than average birthweight. In the medium-term, we find a statistically significant and negative effect (around −1%) of the bombing on maths grades and Serbian language at primary school, and a 1% increase in the probability to enrol on vocational secondary schools. Overall, our results confirm the importance of the negative effects on children in the aftermath of large-scale disasters, and the necessity of policy interventions to mitigate them.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245649
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14598
    Schlagworte: human capital formation; children; armed conflict; in-utero effect
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Beyond the origin dummy: heterogeneity of ethnicity and human capital accumulation
    Autor*in: Postepska, Agnieszka
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Ethnic background is a well recognized complementary factor in human capital accumulation process. This paper investigates how three aspects of ethnicity affect human capital formation: group's quality, size and closeness of ties. Relying on... mehr

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    Ethnic background is a well recognized complementary factor in human capital accumulation process. This paper investigates how three aspects of ethnicity affect human capital formation: group's quality, size and closeness of ties. Relying on heteroskedasticity to identify parameters in the presence of endogenous regressors, I find evidence of heterogenous effects of ethnicity for men and women. The results show that women in groups characterized by close ties benefit from high-quality ethnic environment, regardless of the group's size. In contrast, among men, the group's size appears to be of importance, and men in large groups characterized by loose ties benefit the most from higher quality of the ethnic group. The results are consistent with different socialization patterns, as evidenced by the literature.

     
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    hdl: 10419/232771
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14019
    Schlagworte: human capital formation; ethnicity; endogamy; networks; identification through conditional second moments
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. On-the-job training and intra-family dynamics
    Autor*in: Aquilante, Tommaso; Livio, Luca; Potoms, Tom
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  Bank of England, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Staff working paper / Bank of England ; no. 873
    Schlagworte: Self-financed on-the-job training; intra-household bargaining; human capital formation; Nash bargaining
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Neonatal health of parents and cognitive development of children
    Autor*in: Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Sivertsen, Hans Henrik
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258897
    Schriftenreihe: CEBI working paper series ; 18, 02
    Schlagworte: Neonatal health; human capital formation; intergenerational dependency
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The role of social identity and perceived discrimination in human capital formation
    evidence from India
    Autor*in: Gupta, Isha
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Department of Economics and Management "Marco Fanno", University of Padova, Padova

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    Schriftenreihe: Marco Fanno working papers ; 290 (October 2022)
    Schlagworte: child development; parental investment; human capital formation; social identity; caste; perceived social discrimination; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The role of social identity and perceived discrimination in human capital formation
    evidence from India
    Autor*in: Gupta, Isha
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study examines the role of historically defined social identity in human capital development over time by focusing on a region from India where social identities are defined along the lines of castes and religious groups. It investigates the... mehr

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    This study examines the role of historically defined social identity in human capital development over time by focusing on a region from India where social identities are defined along the lines of castes and religious groups. It investigates the evolution of gaps across social groups in children's cognitive outcomes and parental investment in children's education from ages 5 to 15. Significant gaps in test scores and parental investment are found between children from lower and upper Hindu castes. These gaps, which originate early in childhood and persist throughout the 10 years of the study period, cannot be completely explained by the differences in socioeconomic status across social groups. Moreover, the perception of social discrimination is also found to be a significant contributor to the gaps in cognitive outcomes and parental investment across social groups. While parents' perceived social discrimination is associated with lower parental investment throughout childhood, it is negatively associated with children's cognitive outcomes only at later ages.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265865
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1190
    Schlagworte: child development; parental investment; human capital formation; social identity; caste; perceived social discrimination; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. A generation of Italian economists
    Autor*in: Nano, Enrico; Panizza, Ugo; Viarengo, Martina
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the role of financial aid in shaping the formation of human capital in economics. Specifically, we study the impact of a large merit-based scholarship for graduate studies in affecting individuals' occupational choices, career... mehr

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    We examine the role of financial aid in shaping the formation of human capital in economics. Specifically, we study the impact of a large merit-based scholarship for graduate studies in affecting individuals' occupational choices, career trajectories, and labor market outcomes of a generation of Italian economists with special focus on gender gaps and the role of social mobility. We construct a unique dataset that combines archival sources and includes microdata for the universe of applicants to the scholarship program and follow these individuals over their professional life. Our unique sample that focuses on the high end of the talent and ability distribution also allows us to analyze the characteristics of top graduates, a group which tends to be under-sampled in most surveys. We discuss five main results. First, women are less likely to be shortlisted for a scholarship as they tend to receive lower scores in the most subjective criteria used in the initial screening of candidates. Second, scholarship winners are much more likely to choose a research career and this effect is larger for women. Third, women who work in Italian universities tend to have less citations than men who work in Italy. However, the citation gender gap is smaller for candidates who received a scholarship. Fourth, women take longer to be promoted to the rank of full professor, even after controlling for academic productivity. Fifth, it is easier to become a high achiever for individuals from households with a lower socio-economic status if they reside in high social mobility provinces. However, high-achievers from lower socio-economic status households face an up-hill battle even in high social mobility provinces.

     
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    hdl: 10419/236399
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14368
    Schlagworte: human capital formation; financial aid; career trajectories; gender gaps
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Pensions- und Finanzsysteme in Europa
    ein Vergleich unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Komplementarität
    Autor*in: Tyrell, Marcel; Schmidt, Reinhard H.
    Erschienen: 2001
    Verlag:  Univ., Fachbereich Wirtschaftswiss., Frankfurt am Main

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  9. A new time-use diary app to measure parental investments
    Autor*in: Bigoni, Maria; Bortolotti, Stefania; Fort, Margherita; Guarini, Annalisa; Iorio, Daniela; Monfardini, Chiara; Sansavini, Alessandra; Sansone, Davide; Suttora, Chiara
    Erschienen: December 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We introduce a new app that collects 24-hour parental time diaries. To assess its validity, we leverage data from a sample of more than 500 parents with pre-school aged children. Our findings show that our tool is reliable and delivers high-quality... mehr

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    We introduce a new app that collects 24-hour parental time diaries. To assess its validity, we leverage data from a sample of more than 500 parents with pre-school aged children. Our findings show that our tool is reliable and delivers high-quality data. By exploiting contextual information on the child's involvement and feelings during each activity performed with the parent, we construct new measures of parental investments that capture the quality of daily parent-child interactions. We analyse how these novel measures relate to alternative definitions and discuss the potential advantages of the adoption of our approach to time-use measurement in the rapidly growing field of research on the role of parental investments in child development.

     
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    hdl: 10419/282788
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16661
    Schlagworte: human capital formation; parents; time inputs; app-based survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen