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  1. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting
    solutions and actions
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    This second paper on hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting builds on our first, which evaluated the economic and social cost (SCAR) of wasted natural gas. These emissions must be reduced urgently for natural gas to meet its potential as an... mehr

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    This second paper on hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting builds on our first, which evaluated the economic and social cost (SCAR) of wasted natural gas. These emissions must be reduced urgently for natural gas to meet its potential as an energy-transition fuel under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and to improve air quality and health. Wide-ranging initiatives and solutions exist already; the selection of the most suitable ones is situation-dependent. We present solutions and actions in a four-point ('Diamond') model involving: (1) measurement of chemicals emitted, (2) accountability and transparency of emissions through disclosure and reporting, (3) economic deployment of technologies for (small-scale) gas monetization, and (4) an 'all-ofgovernment' approach to regulation and fiscal measures. Combining these actions in an integrated framework can end routine flaring and venting in many oil and gas developments. This is particularly important for low- and middle-income countries: satellite data since 2005 show that 85 per cent of total gas flared is in developing countries. Satellite data in 2017 identified location and amount of natural gas burned for 10,828 individual flares in 94 countries. Particular focus is needed to improve flare quality and capture natural gas from the 1 per cent 'super-emitter' flares responsible for 23 per cent of global natural gas flared.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292569402
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229407
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 6
    Schlagworte: energy transition; gas; health; climate; air quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 90 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring and venting
    evaluation of the issues
    Autor*in: Romsom, Etienne; McPhail, Kathryn
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and... mehr

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    Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and gas operations, as well as their emissions and impact on air quality, health, and climate. While global flaring and venting comprise 7.5 per cent of natural gas produced, their combined impact on health and climate (in terms of Social Cost of Atmospheric Release) accounts for 54 per cent. Many low- and middle-income countries are economically dependent on oil and gas production. Most premature deaths from air pollution in 2016 were in developing countries. Most natural gas losses and emissions are avoidable. If all natural gas flared and vented globally is captured and brought to market, it could supply annually more than the total South and Central America gas consumption, plus all of Africa's power needs. If 75 per cent of these volumes are captured, it provides an additional natural gas sales value of US$36 billion per annum (assuming an average gas price of US$4/MMBtu).

     
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    ISBN: 9789292569396
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/229406
    Schriftenreihe: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 5
    Schlagworte: energy transition; gas; health; climate; air quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Multikriterielle Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Anschaffung von Ventilator-Abluftsystemen an Schulen und Universitäten
    Autor*in: Bellina, Christian
    Erschienen: März 2023

    Better indoor air quality is becoming more and more important. Especially in institutions such as schools and universities, where many people are expected in a confined space, ventilation concepts must be developed and compared with each other. In... mehr

     

    Better indoor air quality is becoming more and more important. Especially in institutions such as schools and universities, where many people are expected in a confined space, ventilation concepts must be developed and compared with each other. In the course of this study, cost-effective subsequently installable exhaust air systems are compared with conventional natural window ventilation, with the aim of creating a multi-criteria decision-making tool, which should confirm nonprofessionals when deciding to purchase the aforementioned exhaust air systems. Both quantitative parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 content, capital costs, air volume flow and draughts, but also qualitative parameters such as comfort and aesthetics are comparable by this instrument. With the help of empirical measurements as well as surveys, which are intended to record the subjectivity of the occupants of these rooms with the exhaust air systems, the data necessary for the preparation of the decision support were collected.

    After the development of the multi-criteria decision-making tool, the tool has been tested, with the aim of a balanced decision for or against the purchase of the exhaust air systems by the test person. In the future, this assistance can be used by schools and universities with the aim of significantly improving the indoor air quality of classrooms or seminar rooms and lecture halls through the constant supply of fresh air, thus increasing attention but also thermal, acoustic and visual comfort. Die Bedeutung von hoher Raumluftqualität steigt. Vor allem in Einrichtungen wie Schulen und Universitäten, in denen mit vielen Personen auf engem Raum gerechnet wird, müssen Lüftungskonzepte erarbeitet und miteinander verglichen werden. Im Zuge dieser Studie werden kostengünstige, nachträglich installierbare Abluftsysteme mit der herkömmlichen natürlichen Fensterlüftung gegenübergestellt, mit dem Ziel, eine multikriterielle Entscheidungsunterstützung zu erstellen, welche Schulträgern bei der Entscheidung für eine Anschaffung der eben genannten Abluftsysteme bekräftigen soll. Sowohl quantitative Parameter wie die Temperatur, die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, der CO2-Gehalt, die Kosten, der Luftvolumenstrom und die Zugluft aber auch qualitative wie der Komfort und die Ästhetik werden durch dieses Instrument vergleichbar. Mithilfe von empirischen Messungen aber auch Umfragen, welche die Subjektivität der Insassen dieser Räume mit den Abluftanlagen erfassen sollen, wurden die für die Erstellung der Entscheidungsunterstützung notwendigen Daten gesammelt.

    Nach Fertigstellung der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsunterstützung folgte die Testung, mit dem Ergebnis, dass nach Durchführung eine fundierte Entscheidung für bzw. gegen die Anschaffung der Abluftanlagen durch die Probanden getätigt werden konnte. Zukünftig kann diese Hilfestellung von Schulen und Universitäten eingesetzt werden, mit dem Ziel, die Raumluftqualität der Klassen- bzw. Seminarräume und Hörsäle durch die ständige Frischluftzufuhr maßgebend zu verbessern, somit die Aufmerksamkeit aber auch die Behaglichkeit zu steigern.

     
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    Weitere Schlagworte: air quality; exhaust air systems; window ventilation; temperature; relative humidity; CO2 content; capital costs; air exchange rate; draughts; acoustics; thermal comfort; aesthetics; Raumluftqualität; Abluftanlagen; Fensterlüftung; Temperatur; Luftfeuchtigkeit; CO2-Gehalt; Kosten; Luftwechselzahl; Zugluft; Akustik; thermischer Komfort; Ästhetik; multikriterielle Entscheidungsunterstützung
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (96 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne
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    Masterarbeit, Technische Universität Graz, 2023
  4. Multikriterielle Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Anschaffung von Ventilator-Abluftsystemen an Schulen und Universitäten
    Autor*in: Bellina, Christian
    Erschienen: März 2023

    Better indoor air quality is becoming more and more important. Especially in institutions such as schools and universities, where many people are expected in a confined space, ventilation concepts must be developed and compared with each other. In... mehr

     

    Better indoor air quality is becoming more and more important. Especially in institutions such as schools and universities, where many people are expected in a confined space, ventilation concepts must be developed and compared with each other. In the course of this study, cost-effective subsequently installable exhaust air systems are compared with conventional natural window ventilation, with the aim of creating a multi-criteria decision-making tool, which should confirm nonprofessionals when deciding to purchase the aforementioned exhaust air systems. Both quantitative parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 content, capital costs, air volume flow and draughts, but also qualitative parameters such as comfort and aesthetics are comparable by this instrument. With the help of empirical measurements as well as surveys, which are intended to record the subjectivity of the occupants of these rooms with the exhaust air systems, the data necessary for the preparation of the decision support were collected.

    After the development of the multi-criteria decision-making tool, the tool has been tested, with the aim of a balanced decision for or against the purchase of the exhaust air systems by the test person. In the future, this assistance can be used by schools and universities with the aim of significantly improving the indoor air quality of classrooms or seminar rooms and lecture halls through the constant supply of fresh air, thus increasing attention but also thermal, acoustic and visual comfort. Die Bedeutung von hoher Raumluftqualität steigt. Vor allem in Einrichtungen wie Schulen und Universitäten, in denen mit vielen Personen auf engem Raum gerechnet wird, müssen Lüftungskonzepte erarbeitet und miteinander verglichen werden. Im Zuge dieser Studie werden kostengünstige, nachträglich installierbare Abluftsysteme mit der herkömmlichen natürlichen Fensterlüftung gegenübergestellt, mit dem Ziel, eine multikriterielle Entscheidungsunterstützung zu erstellen, welche Schulträgern bei der Entscheidung für eine Anschaffung der eben genannten Abluftsysteme bekräftigen soll. Sowohl quantitative Parameter wie die Temperatur, die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, der CO2-Gehalt, die Kosten, der Luftvolumenstrom und die Zugluft aber auch qualitative wie der Komfort und die Ästhetik werden durch dieses Instrument vergleichbar. Mithilfe von empirischen Messungen aber auch Umfragen, welche die Subjektivität der Insassen dieser Räume mit den Abluftanlagen erfassen sollen, wurden die für die Erstellung der Entscheidungsunterstützung notwendigen Daten gesammelt.

    Nach Fertigstellung der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsunterstützung folgte die Testung, mit dem Ergebnis, dass nach Durchführung eine fundierte Entscheidung für bzw. gegen die Anschaffung der Abluftanlagen durch die Probanden getätigt werden konnte. Zukünftig kann diese Hilfestellung von Schulen und Universitäten eingesetzt werden, mit dem Ziel, die Raumluftqualität der Klassen- bzw. Seminarräume und Hörsäle durch die ständige Frischluftzufuhr maßgebend zu verbessern, somit die Aufmerksamkeit aber auch die Behaglichkeit zu steigern.

     
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    Weitere Schlagworte: air quality; exhaust air systems; window ventilation; temperature; relative humidity; CO2 content; capital costs; air exchange rate; draughts; acoustics; thermal comfort; aesthetics; Raumluftqualität; Abluftanlagen; Fensterlüftung; Temperatur; Luftfeuchtigkeit; CO2-Gehalt; Kosten; Luftwechselzahl; Zugluft; Akustik; thermischer Komfort; Ästhetik; multikriterielle Entscheidungsunterstützung
    Umfang: 96 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne
    Bemerkung(en):

    Masterarbeit, Technische Universität Graz, 2023
  5. From low emission zone to academic track
    environmental policy effects on educational achievement in elementary school
    Autor*in: Brehm, Johannes; Pestel, Nico; Schaffner, Sandra; Schmitz, Laura
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    Standort:
    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf
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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    ISBN: 9783969731451
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #980
    Schlagworte: Low emission zone; education; air quality; Germany
    Umfang: 44 Seiten, Diagramme, Karten
  6. Happiness in the air
    how does dirty sky affect subjective well-being?
    Autor*in: Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Xiaobo; Chen, Xi
    Erschienen: September 2015
    Verlag:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: IFPRI discussion paper ; 01463
    Schlagworte: hedonic happiness; life satisfaction; mental well-being; air quality; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. COVID-19 mortality and contemporaneous air pollution
    Autor*in: Austin, Wes; Carattini, Stefano; Gomez Mahecha, John; Pesko, Michael F.
    Erschienen: October 2020
    Verlag:  Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy working paper ; no. 380
    Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment working paper ; no. 352
    Schlagworte: Pollution; air quality; PM 2.5; COVID-19; health; mortality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Air pollution and innovation
    Autor*in: Bracht, Felix; Verhoeven, Dennis
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; no. 1817 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: air pollution; air quality; innovation; patent; productivity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. From low emission zone to academic track
    environmental policy effects on educational achievement in elementary school
    Autor*in: Brehm, Johannes; Pestel, Nico; Schaffner, Sandra; Schmitz, Laura
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    Low Emission Zones (LEZs) reduce local air pollution by restricting emission-intensive vehicles from accessing designated areas and have been shown to improve population health. Little is known about the effects of driving restriction policies on... mehr

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    Low Emission Zones (LEZs) reduce local air pollution by restricting emission-intensive vehicles from accessing designated areas and have been shown to improve population health. Little is known about the effects of driving restriction policies on other areas of life. This paper studies the effects of LEZs on the educational achievements of elementary school students in Germany, measured by secondary-school transition rates. Using school-level data from North-Rhine Westphalia (NRW), Germany’s largest federal state, we exploit the staggered adoption of LEZs since 2008 in a difference-indifferences framework. Our results imply that LEZs increased rates of transition to the academic track by 0.9-1.6 percentage points in NRW. Our findings on the district level for all of Germany confirm the external validity of these findings. Using geo-referenced data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we provide suggestive evidence that a reduction in the prevalence of respiratory infections is a vital channel through which LEZs affect schooling outcomes. Umweltzonen verringern die lokale Luftverschmutzung, indem sie emissionsintensive Fahrzeuge von der Zufahrt zu den ausgewiesenen Gebieten abhalten und nachweislich die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung verbessern. Über die Auswirkungen von Fahrverboten auf andere Lebensbereiche ist wenig bekannt. Dieses Papier untersucht die Auswirkungen von Umweltzonen auf die schulischen Leistungen von Grundschülern in Deutschland, gemessen an den Übergangsquoten in die weiterführenden Schulen. Unter Verwendung administrativer Schuhldaten aus Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW), dem größten deutschen Bundesland, nutzen wir die gestaffelte die gestaffelte Einführung von Umweltzonen seit 2008 in einem Differenz-in-Differenzen Ansatz. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Einführung von Umweltzonen die Übergangsraten auf das Gymansium in NRW um 0,9-1,6 Prozentpunkte erhöhen. Unsere Ergebnisse auf Kreisebene für ganz Deutschland bestätigen die externe Validität dieser Befunde. Analysen basieren auf dem georeferenzierten Sozio-ökonomischen Panel (SOEP) deuten zudem darauf hin, dass eine Verringerung der Prävalenz von Atemwegsinfektionen ein wichtiger Kanal ist, über den die Umweltzonen die schulischen Ergebnisse beeinflussen.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265606
    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; #980
    Schlagworte: Low emission zone; education; air quality; Germany
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Satisfaction with amenities and taste for revolt in the Middle East
    Autor*in: Fereidouni, Hassan Gholipour; Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between individuals' satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality and taste for revolt in the Middle East. Using recent World Value Survey data (WVS7, 2017-2021) from Egypt and Iraq... mehr

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    The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between individuals' satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality and taste for revolt in the Middle East. Using recent World Value Survey data (WVS7, 2017-2021) from Egypt and Iraq (which have been experiencing severe environmental degradation and inadequate and mismanagement of public infrastructure) and applying Probit regressions, our results show that satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality indicators are negatively and statistically related to individuals' inclination towards revolt in both countries. This finding is more pronounced in urban areas, particularly in large cities. We also find that individuals' satisfaction with amenities and environmental quality affect the taste of revolt through the individual's life satisfaction and satisfaction with the government's provision of utilities. The analysis for Egypt suggests that satisfaction with public transportation systems, roads and highways, air quality, and housing quality are significantly and negatively associated with support for revolutionary action. For the Iraq sample, we find that dissatisfaction with roads and highways, water quality, school quality, and the physical settings of cities lead to a higher probability of support for uprising.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10503 (2023)
    Schlagworte: amenities; air quality; Middle East; environment; pollution; revolution; satisfaction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Global gains from a green energy transition
    evidence on coal-fired power and air quality dissatisfaction
    Autor*in: Besley, Timothy; Potia, Azhar Hussain
    Erschienen: 31 March 2023
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP18046
    Schlagworte: Coal-fired power plants; air quality; clean energy transition; renewableenergy; climate action; life satisfaction
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Death of coal and breath of life
    the effect of power plant closure on local air quality
    Autor*in: Brown, Jason P.; Tousey, Colton
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Federal Research Bank of Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo.

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    Schriftenreihe: KcFED research working papers ; RWP 20, 15 (October 2020)
    Schlagworte: air quality; coal; plant closure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. A double-edged sword
    impact of Covid-19 on environment
    Autor*in: Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude; Turan, Belgi
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Economic Research Forum (ERF), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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    Schriftenreihe: ERF working papers series ; no. 1543 (February 2022)
    Schlagworte: Covid-19; environment; air quality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Green bonds, air quality, and mortality
    evidence from the People's Republic of China
    Autor*in: Luo, Yan; Tian, Shu; Yang, Hao
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    In this paper, we examine whether and how green bond issuance affects local air quality and mortality rates in the People's Republic of China. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in corporates' green bond financing in a city is associated... mehr

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    In this paper, we examine whether and how green bond issuance affects local air quality and mortality rates in the People's Republic of China. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in corporates' green bond financing in a city is associated with a 0.6% reduction in local air pollution generally and an 0.8% reduction in PM2.5, which refers to tiny pollutant particles with a size of less than 2.5 microns. The effect is stronger when certified green bonds are examined and in cities with higher gross domestic product growth. Further, the green bond financing prevalence is also significantly and negatively associated with local mortality rates, which is consistent with our expectation that, by improving local air quality, green bond issuance helps to enhance local residents' health. The findings are robust to the control of a set of potential determinants of air quality, and a series of robustness tests confirm that the effects are not simply driven by endogeneity.

     
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    hdl: 10419/259479
    Schriftenreihe: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 641 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: green bonds; air quality; mortality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  15. Do homeowners benefit when coal-fired power plants switch to natural gas?
    evidence from Beijing, China
    Autor*in: Mei, Yingdan; Gao, Li; Zhang, Wendong; Yang, Feng-an
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Ames, Iowa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Agricultural and Rural Development ; 21-625 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: coal-to-gas conversion; power plant; air quality; triple differences; hedonic price model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The morbidity costs of air pollution through the lens of health spending in China
    Autor*in: Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Xun; Liu, Yuehua; Zhao, Xintong; Chen, Xi
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study is one of the first investigating the causal evidence of the morbidity costs of fine particulates (PM2.5) for all age cohorts in a developing country, using individual-level health spending data from a basic medical insurance program in... mehr

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    This study is one of the first investigating the causal evidence of the morbidity costs of fine particulates (PM2.5) for all age cohorts in a developing country, using individual-level health spending data from a basic medical insurance program in Wuhan, China. Our instrumental variable (IV) approach uses thermal inversion to address potential endogeneity in PM2.5 concentrations and shows that PM2.5 imposes a significant impact on healthcare expenditures. The 2SLS estimates suggest that a 10 μg/m3 reduction in monthly average PM2.5 leads to a 2.36% decrease in the value of health spending and a 0.79% decline in the number of transactions in pharmacies and healthcare facilities. Also, this effect, largely driven by the increased spending in pharmacies, is more salient for males and children, as well as middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, our estimates may provide a lower bound to individuals' willingness to pay, amounting to CNY 43.87 (or USD 7.09) per capita per year for a 10 μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    hdl: 10419/267806
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1217
    Schlagworte: air quality; health spending; willingness to pay; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The morbidity costs of air pollution through the lens of health spending in China
    Autor*in: Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Xun; Liu, Yuehua; Zhao, Xintong; Chen, Xi
    Erschienen: December 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study is one of the first investigating the causal evidence of the morbidity costs of fine particulates (PM2.5) for all age cohorts in a developing country, using individual-level health spending data from a basic medical insurance program in... mehr

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    This study is one of the first investigating the causal evidence of the morbidity costs of fine particulates (PM2.5) for all age cohorts in a developing country, using individual-level health spending data from a basic medical insurance program in Wuhan, China. Our instrumental variable (IV) approach uses thermal inversion to address potential endogeneity in PM2.5 concentrations and shows that PM2.5 imposes a significant impact on healthcare expenditures. The 2SLS estimates suggest that a 10 μg/m3 reduction in monthly average PM2.5 leads to a 2.36% decrease in the value of health spending and a 0.79% decline in the number of transactions in pharmacies and healthcare facilities. Also, this effect, largely driven by the increased spending in pharmacies, is more salient for males and children, as well as middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, our estimates may provide a lower bound to individuals' willingness to pay, amounting to CNY 43.87 (or USD 7.09) per capita per year for a 10 μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272466
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15839
    Schlagworte: air quality; health spending; willingness to pay; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Wildfire smoke and private provision of public air-quality monitoring
    Autor*in: Coury, Michael; Falconer, Liam; La Nauze, Andrea
    Erschienen: March 2024
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Governments monitor air quality for regulatory purposes and, more recently, to provide information so individuals can act to lower their exposure to air pollution. Recent developments in low-cost technologies have also led to private adoption of... mehr

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    Governments monitor air quality for regulatory purposes and, more recently, to provide information so individuals can act to lower their exposure to air pollution. Recent developments in low-cost technologies have also led to private adoption of air-quality monitors that produce publicly accessible air-quality readings. We study the adoption of these private air-quality monitors. We find that shocks to air pollution from wildfire result in substantial adoption. We also find that additional private monitors are concentrated in white, wealthy, and politically liberal neighborhoods. In contrast, there is no evidence that pollution shocks lead to higher adoption in neighborhoods with lower pre-existing access to monitors, higher long-run pollution, or those with more vulnerable populations. The resulting stark differences in the availability of localized air-quality information suggest that private provision may worsen not ameliorate inequalities in the impacts of poor air quality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/296111
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 11022 (2024)
    Schlagworte: air quality; air quality monitoring; wildfire; information
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Did the COVID-19 lockdown affect air quality?
    evidence from Viet Nam
    Autor*in: Nghia Thi Thu Nguyen; Tran Thi Ngan; Wong, Chun Yee
    Erschienen: [2024]
    Verlag:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries implemented a partial or full lockdown as a preventive measure. Although lockdown caused an economic contraction, it unexpectedly improved the environment, especially air pollution. This... mehr

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    Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries implemented a partial or full lockdown as a preventive measure. Although lockdown caused an economic contraction, it unexpectedly improved the environment, especially air pollution. This paper quantifies the impact of the lockdown on air quality by utilizing the air quality data and the lockdown periods in 11 cities and provinces in Viet Nam in 2022 and 2021. Our main empirical framework examines how lockdown measures affected air quality across different locations in Viet Nam during this period. To address the heterogenous effects of lockdown, we conducted a subsample analysis on locations. Utilizing a linear model with time- and location-fixed effects, our analysis revealed that implementing an extra day of lockdown resulted in a decrease of 1.018 ppm in the CO level, while a stricter full lockdown for an additional day led to a drop of 1.369 ppm. These findings remained consistent even when examining the subsamples by location.

     
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    hdl: 10419/296821
    Schriftenreihe: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1429 (February 2024)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19 pandemic; lockdown; air quality; Viet Nam
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Estimating the effect of urban road congestion on air quality in Latin America
    Autor*in: Bedoya-Maya, Felipe; Calatayud, Agustina; González Mejia, Vileydy
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist, [Washington, DC]

    Road congestion and air pollution are key challenges for quality of life in urban settings. This research leverages highly disaggregated crowdsourced data from Latin America to study the effect of road congestion on levels of carbon monoxide,... mehr

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    Road congestion and air pollution are key challenges for quality of life in urban settings. This research leverages highly disaggregated crowdsourced data from Latin America to study the effect of road congestion on levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter in four of the most congested cities in developing countries: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, and Santiago. Based on a panel data econometric approach with over 4.4 billion records from Waze and hourly data from 54 air monitoring stations for 2019, our two-stage least square model shows a cumulative increase of 0.6% in response to a 1% of road congestion on the three air pollutants. Moreover, we find a nonlinear relationship between road congestion and air quality and estimate the threshold above which the effect decays. This study provides evidence that supports public policies designed to make urban mobility more sustainable by implementing measures to reduce road congestion in developing contexts.

     
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    hdl: 10419/290010
    Schriftenreihe: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-1398
    Schlagworte: road congestion; air quality; urban mobility; sustainability; developing countries; LatinAmerica
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen