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  1. Die Poesie der Dinge
    Ziele und Strategien der Wissensvermittlung im lateinischen Lehrgedicht der Frühen Neuzeit
    Beteiligt: Markevičiūtė, Ramunė (HerausgeberIn); Roling, Bernd (HerausgeberIn)
    Erschienen: [2021]; © 2021
    Verlag:  De Gruyter, Berlin

    Frontmatter -- Danksagung -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Ludovico Lazzarellis Lehrgedicht De gentilium deorum imaginibus -- Mythopoeia und Wissenschaft in De hortis Hesperidum von Giovanni Gioviano Pontano -- Die Chrysopoeia des Giovanni... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe

     

    Frontmatter -- Danksagung -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Ludovico Lazzarellis Lehrgedicht De gentilium deorum imaginibus -- Mythopoeia und Wissenschaft in De hortis Hesperidum von Giovanni Gioviano Pontano -- Die Chrysopoeia des Giovanni Augurelli -- Literarische Kunst und Friedensengagement in der Bombarda des Bartholomaeus Latomus -- Raphael Thorius’ Hymnus Tabaci: literarisches Spiel, medizinischer Traktat oder politisches Manifest? -- Bilgepumpe, Zuckerrohrmühle, Hebewerk: Technische Geräte und Maschinen in der neulateinischen Jesuiten-Lehrdichtung -- Thy gift, Pomona! John Philipsʼ Cider zwischen vergilianischem Nationalgedicht und agrarökonomischer Fachliteratur -- Framing Newton’s Principia: The Three Versions of Edmond Halley’s Lucretian Ode and Newton’s Reception of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura -- Claude Griffets Cerebrum (1727), ein poetischer Führer durch das Gehirn -- Tertius motus: Die Erklärung der Präzession im Anti-Lucretius des Melchior de Polignac -- Das Gedicht De Solis ac Lunae defectibus des Roger Boscovich (1711–1787): wissensvermittelnde Poesie in antiker und nachantiker Tradition -- Latin Scientific Poetry under the Shadow of the Jesuit Suppression -- Personenregister Die lateinische Lehrdichtung der Frühen Neuzeit ist ein von der modernen Forschung bis heute nur wenig beachtetes Phänomen, dem sich der vorliegende Band auf weiter Ebene widmet: die diskutierten Texte erstrecken sich über einen Raum von Italien bis Brasilien und eine Zeitspanne vom ausgehenden 15. bis zum späten 18. Jahrhundert. Neben grundlegenden Fragen zur Gattung des frühneuzeitlichen Lehrgedichts, das mit seinen vielseitigen Ausprägungen eine Herausforderung für strenge Klassifikationsmodelle darstellt, bieten die Analysen einen Einblick in die Strategien dichterischer Wissensvermittlung, bei der neben wissenschaftlichen Themen nicht zuletzt gesellschaftliche und politische Zusammenhänge im Fokus stehen. Die Publikation richtet sich an ein fachkundiges Publikum, gibt jedoch durch Übersetzungen und ausführliche Paraphrasen der Originaltexte auch Interessierten ohne Lateinkenntnisse die Möglichkeit, dieses in der Frühen Neuzeit beliebte Genre in seiner ganzen kulturellen Bandbreite sowie seinem enormen Einfluss auf volkssprachige Dichtung kennenzulernen und zu erkunden, wie wissenschaftliche Dichtung zu einer Zeit funktionieren konnte, in der Literatur und Wissenschaft noch keine getrennten Bereiche darstellten Distillation flasks, sugar cane mills, and the brain – the scientific revolution created a spectacular range of themes, even in a traditional genre such as didactic poetry. In this volume, internationally renowned researchers in Latin didactic poetry examine the many facets of early modern scientific poetry and offer insights on these previously neglected texts

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Beteiligt: Markevičiūtė, Ramunė (HerausgeberIn); Roling, Bernd (HerausgeberIn)
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783110722826
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    RVK Klassifikation: FV 2620
    Schriftenreihe: Frühe Neuzeit ; 237
    Schlagworte: Didactic poetry, Latin (Medieval and modern); LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Weitere Schlagworte: Genre Research; Knowledge Dissemination; Scientific Poetry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 261 Seiten)
  2. Thomas Middleton and the plural politics of Jacobean Drama
    Autor*in: Kaethler, Mark
    Erschienen: [2021]; © 2021
    Verlag:  De Gruyter, Berlin ; Medieval Institute Publications, Boston

    Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Introduction: Thomas Middleton’s Plural Politics -- Chapter 1. “He that knows how to obey, knows how to reign”: James as The Phoenix -- Chapter 2. “And in all times, may this day ever... mehr

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    Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Introduction: Thomas Middleton’s Plural Politics -- Chapter 1. “He that knows how to obey, knows how to reign”: James as The Phoenix -- Chapter 2. “And in all times, may this day ever prove / A day of triumph, joy and honest love”? The Witch and the Overbury Trials -- Chapter 3. “Two ways at once”: The World Tossed at Tennis and the Thirty Years War -- Chapter 4. “If this be virtue’s path, ’tis a strange one”: A Game at Chess’s Competing Histories -- Conclusion: “Use but your royal hand” -- Works Cited -- Index Thomas Middleton and the Plural Politics of Jacobean Drama represents the first sustained study of Middleton’s dramatic works as responses to James I’s governance. Through examining Middleton’s poiesis in relation to the political theology of Jacobean London, Kaethler explores early forms of free speech, namely parrhēsia, and rhetorical devices, such as irony and allegory, to elucidate the ways in which Middleton’s plural art exposes the limitations of the monarch’s sovereign image. By drawing upon earlier forms of dramatic intervention, James’s writings, and popular literature that blossomed during the Jacobean period, including news pamphlets, the book surveys a selection of Middleton’s writings, ranging from his first extant play The Phoenix (1604) to his scandalous finale A Game at Chess (1624). In the course of this investigation, the author identifies that although Middleton’s drama spurs political awareness and questions authority, it nevertheless simultaneously promotes alternative structures of power, which manifest as misogyny and white supremacy

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781501513763; 9781501513992
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    RVK Klassifikation: HI 2875
    Schriftenreihe: Late Tudor and Stuart drama
    Schlagworte: Drama; Gender; Herrschaft; Politik; Theater; Thomas Middleton; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Weitere Schlagworte: Drama; Gender; Governance; Politics; Theater; Thomas Middleton
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, Illustrationen
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    Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 199 - 217

  3. Fate of the flesh
    secularization and resurrection in the Seventeenth Century
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Fordham University Press, New York

    Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface: Christianity as Critical Theory -- Introduction: Secularization and the Resurrection of the Flesh -- 1. Secularization, Countersecularization, and the Fate of the Flesh in Donne -- 2. Wanting to Be Another Person:... mehr

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    Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface: Christianity as Critical Theory -- Introduction: Secularization and the Resurrection of the Flesh -- 1. Secularization, Countersecularization, and the Fate of the Flesh in Donne -- 2. Wanting to Be Another Person: Resurrection and Avant- Garde Poetics in George Herbert -- 3. Luminous Stuff: The Resurrection of the Flesh in Vaughan’s Religious Verse -- 4. The Feeling of Being a Body: Resurrection and Habitus in Vaughan’s Medical Writings -- 5. Resurrection, Dualism, and Legal Personhood: Bodily Presence in Ben Jonson -- Epilogue: Resurrection and Zombies -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Index In the seventeenth century the ancient hope for the physical resurrection of the body and its flesh began an unexpected second life as critical theory, challenging the notion of an autonomous self and driving early modern avant-garde poetry. As an emerging empirical scientific world view and a rising Cartesian dualist ontology transformed the ancient hope for the resurrection of the flesh into the fantasy of a soul or mind living on separately from any body, literature complicated the terms of the debate. Such poets as Donne, Herbert, Vaughan, and Jonson picked up the discarded idea of the resurrection of the flesh and bent it from an apocalyptic future into the here and now to imagine the self already infused with the strange, vibrant materiality of the resurrection body.Fate of the Flesh explores what happens when seventeenth-century poets posit a resurrection body within the historical person. These poets see the resurrection body as the precondition for the social person’s identities and forms of agency and yet as deeply other to all such identities and agencies, an alien within the self that both enables and undercuts life as a social person. This perspective leads seventeenth-century poets to a compelling awareness of the unsettling materiality within the heart of the self and allows them to re-imagine agency, selfhood, and the natural world in its light. By developing a poetics that seeks a deranging materiality within the self, these poets anticipate twentieth-century “avant-garde” poetics. They frame their poems neither as simple representation nor as beautiful objects but as a form of social praxis that creates new communities of readers and writers assembled around a new experience of self-as-body mediated by poetry

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9780823290079
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    Auflage/Ausgabe: First edition
    Schlagworte: English poetry; Materialism in literature; Religion and literature; Resurrection in literature; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Weitere Schlagworte: Avant-garde; Dualism; Early Modern; Materialism; Metaphysical poetry; Poetry; Religion; Renaissance; Secular; Secularization; Seventeenth-Century; Sexuality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
  4. The erotics of materialism
    Lucretius and early modern poetics
    Autor*in: Hock, Jessie
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia

    Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction. The Supple Snare -- Chapter 1. Materializing the Lyric Tradition: Lucretius and the Poetry of Pierre de Ronsard -- Chapter 2. Poetry in a Time of War: Lucretius and Poetic Patrimony in Pierre de Ronsard’s... mehr

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction. The Supple Snare -- Chapter 1. Materializing the Lyric Tradition: Lucretius and the Poetry of Pierre de Ronsard -- Chapter 2. Poetry in a Time of War: Lucretius and Poetic Patrimony in Pierre de Ronsard’s Sonnets pour Helene and Remy Belleau’s Pierres pre´cieuses -- Chapter 3. “Like gold to aery thinness beat”: John Donne’s Materialisms -- Chapter 4. Lucy Hutchinson and the Erotic Reception of Lucretius -- Chapter 5. Lucretian Poetics and Women’s Writing in Margaret Cavendish’s Poems and Fancies -- Epilogue. This Is Our Venus -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- Acknowledgments In The Erotics of Materialism, Jessie Hock maps the intersection of poetry and natural philosophy in the early modern reception of Lucretius and his De rerum natura. Subtly revising an ancient atomist tradition that condemned poetry as frivolous, Lucretius asserted a central role for verse in the practice of natural philosophy and gave the figurative realm a powerful claim on the real by maintaining that mental and poetic images have material substance and a presence beyond the mind or page. Attending to Lucretius's own emphasis on poetry, Hock shows that early modern readers and writers were alert to the fact that Lucretian materialism entails a theory of the imagination and, ultimately, a poetics, which they were quick to absorb and adapt to their own uses.Focusing on the work of Pierre de Ronsard, Remy Belleau, John Donne, Lucy Hutchinson, and Margaret Cavendish, The Erotics of Materialism demonstrates how these poets drew on Lucretius to explore poetry's power to act in the world. Hock argues that even as classical atomist ideas contributed to the rise of empirical scientific methodologies that downgraded the capacity of the human imagination to explain material phenomena, Lucretian poetics came to stand for a poetry that gives the imagination a purchase on the real, from the practice of natural philosophy to that of politics.In her reading of Lucretian influence, Hock reveals how early modern poets were invested in what Lucretius posits as the materiality of fantasy and his expression of it in a language of desire, sex, and love. For early modern poets, Lucretian eroticism was poetic method, and De rerum natura a treatise on the poetic imagination, initiating an atomist genealogy at the heart of the lyric tradition

     

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  5. Premodern Ecologies in the Modern Literary Imagination
    Beteiligt: Nardizzi, Vin (Hrsg.); Werth, Tiffany Jo (Hrsg.)
    Erschienen: [2019]; © 2019
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    Premodern Ecologies in the Modern Literary Imagination explores how the cognitive and physical landscapes in which scholars conduct research, write, and teach have shaped their understandings of medieval and Renaissance English literary "oecologies."... mehr

    Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Premodern Ecologies in the Modern Literary Imagination explores how the cognitive and physical landscapes in which scholars conduct research, write, and teach have shaped their understandings of medieval and Renaissance English literary "oecologies." The collection strives to practice what Ursula K. Heise calls "eco-cosmopolitanism," a method that imagines forms of local environmentalism as a defense against the interventions of open-market global networks. It also expands the idea’s possibilities and identifies its limitations through critical studies of premodern texts, artefacts, and environmental history. The essays connect real environments and their imaginative (re)creations and affirm the urgency of reorienting humanity’s responsiveness to, and responsibility for, the historical links between human and non-human existence. The discussion of ways in which meditation on scholarly place and time can deepen ecocritical work offers an innovative and engaging approach that will appeal to both ecocritics generally and to medieval and early modern scholars

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Beteiligt: Nardizzi, Vin (Hrsg.); Werth, Tiffany Jo (Hrsg.)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781487519520
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    Schlagworte: Canadian history; DISCOUNT-B.; Oecologies; Renaissance; eco-cosmopolitanism; ecology and literature; environmental history; environmental humanities; literature; local and global; medieval; premodern; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Ecocriticism; European literature; Literature, Medieval; Ökologie; Umwelt; Ecocriticism; Englisch; Literatur
    Umfang: 1 online resource
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    Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Mai 2019)

  6. Games and Game Playing in European Art and Literature, 16th-17th Centuries
    Beteiligt: O'Bryan, Robin Leigh (Hrsg.)
    Erschienen: [2019]; © 2019
    Verlag:  Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam

    This collection of essays examines the vogue for games and game playing as expressed in art, architecture, and literature in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. Moving beyond previous scholarship on game theory, game monographs, and period and... mehr

    Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This collection of essays examines the vogue for games and game playing as expressed in art, architecture, and literature in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. Moving beyond previous scholarship on game theory, game monographs, and period and regional studies on games, this volume analyzes a range of artistic and literary works produced in England, Scotland, Italy, France, and Germany, which used the game topos to illuminate special themes. In essays dealing with chess, playing cards, dice, gambling, and board and children's games, scholars show how games not only functioned as recreational pastimes, but were also used for demonstrations of wit and skill, courtship rituals, didactic and moralistic instruction, commercial enterprises, and displays of status. Offering new iconographical and literary interpretations, these studies reveal how game play became a metaphor for broader cultural issues related to gender, age, and class differences, social order, politics and religion, and ethical and sexual behavior

     

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    Beteiligt: O'Bryan, Robin Leigh (Hrsg.)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789048544844
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: Cultures of Play
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Spiel <Motiv>; Schach; Spiel; Brettspiel <Motiv>; Literatur; Sport <Motiv>; Kartenspiel <Motiv>; Kunst
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    Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Mai 2019)

  7. The Gendering of Melancholia
    Feminism, Psychoanalysis, and the Symbolics of Loss in Renaissance Literature
    Erschienen: [2018]; © 1992
    Verlag:  Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY

    The pantheon of renowned melancholics—from Shakespeare's Hamlet to Walter Benjamin—includes no women, an absence that in Juliana Schiesari's view points less to a dearth of unhappy women in patriarchal culture than to the lack of significance... mehr

    Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The pantheon of renowned melancholics—from Shakespeare's Hamlet to Walter Benjamin—includes no women, an absence that in Juliana Schiesari's view points less to a dearth of unhappy women in patriarchal culture than to the lack of significance accorded to women's grief. Through penetrating readings of texts from Aristotle to Kristeva, she illuminates the complex history of the symbolics of loss in Renaissance literature.The pantheon of renowned melancholics—from Shakespeare's Hamlet to Walter Benjamin—includes no women, an absence that in Juliana Schiesari's view points less to a dearth of unhappy women in patriarchal culture than to the lack of significance accorded to women's grief. Through penetrating readings of texts from Aristotle to Kristeva, she illuminates the complex history of the symbolics of loss in Renaissance literature.Schiesari first considers the development of the concept of melancholia in the writings of Freud and then surveys recent responses by such theorists as Luce Irigaray, KaJa Silverman, and Julia Kristeva. Schiesari provides fresh interpretations of works by Aristotle, Hildegard of Bingen, and Ficino and she considers women's poetry of the Italian Renaissance, key works by Tasso and Shakespeare, and the writings of Walter Benjamin and Jacques Lacan. According to Schiesari, male melancholia was celebrated during the Renaissance as a sign of inspired genius, at the same time as public rituals of mourning led by women were suppressed.The Gendering of Melancholia will be stimulating reading for scholars and students in the fields of feminist criticism, psychoanalytic and literary theory, and Renaissance studies, and for anyone interested in Western cultural history

     

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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781501718373
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    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Depression, Mental, in literature; Feminism and literature; Loss (Psychology) in literature; Psychoanalysis and literature; Trauer <Motiv>; Melancholie <Motiv>; Depression <Motiv>; Frau <Motiv>; Literatur
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    Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 26. Mrz 2019)

  8. Barbarous Antiquity
    Reorienting the Past in the Poetry of Early Modern England
    Erschienen: [2014]

    Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9780812290073
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    Schlagworte: Englische Literatur; Commercial products in literature; Commerce / Terminology; English literature / Foreign influences; English literature / Classical influences; English language / Early modern, 1500-1700 / Diction; English poetry / Early modern, 1500-1700 / History and criticism; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Englisch; Kulturkontakt; Versdichtung; Englisch
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (296p.)
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    13 illus

    Barbarous Antiquity reorients early modern English poetry around England's mercantile and cultural exchanges with the Ottoman Empire, revealing how English poetry renegotiated its relationship to the classical past

  9. Women and Geography on the Early Modern English Stage
    Autor*in: Pilhuj, Katja
    Erschienen: [2019]; © 2019
    Verlag:  Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam

    In a late 1590s atlas proof from cartographer John Speed, Queen Elizabeth appears, crowned and brandishing a ruler as the map's scale-of-miles. Not just a map key, the queen's depiction here presents her as a powerful arbiter of measurement in her... mehr

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    Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    In a late 1590s atlas proof from cartographer John Speed, Queen Elizabeth appears, crowned and brandishing a ruler as the map's scale-of-miles. Not just a map key, the queen's depiction here presents her as a powerful arbiter of measurement in her kingdom. For Speed, the queen was a formidable female presence, authoritative, ready to measure any place or person. The atlas, finished during James' reign, later omitted her picture. But this disappearance did not mean Elizabeth vanished entirely; her image and her connection to geography appear in multiple plays and maps. Elizabeth becomes, like the ruler she holds, an instrument applied and adapted.Women and Geography on the Early Modern English Stage explores the ways in which mapmakers, playwrights, and audiences in early modern England could, following their queen's example, use the ideas of geography, or 'world- writing', to reshape the symbolic import of the female body and territory to create new identities. The book demonstrates how early modern mapmakers and dramatists ? men and women ? conceived of and constructed identities within a discourse of fluid ideas about space and gender

     

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    ISBN: 9789048544226
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: Gendering the Late Medieval and Early Modern World
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Englisch; Frau <Motiv>; Geografie <Motiv>; Bühne
    Umfang: 1 online resource (296 pages)
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    Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 21. Dez 2019)

  10. All Wonders in One Sight
    the Christ child among the Elizabethan and Stuart poets
    Erschienen: [2021]; © 2021
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    In the seventeenth century many leading poets wrote poems about Christ's infancy, though charm and sweetness were not the leading note. Because these poets were university-educated classicists - many of them also Catholic or Anglican priests - they... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    In the seventeenth century many leading poets wrote poems about Christ's infancy, though charm and sweetness were not the leading note. Because these poets were university-educated classicists - many of them also Catholic or Anglican priests - they wrote in an elevated style, with elevated language, and their concerns were deeply theological as well as poetic. In an age of religious controversy, their poems had controversial elements, and because these poems were mostly intended for private use and limited circulation, they were not generally singable hymns of public celebration of Christ's birth. However far from dry academic pieces, these poems offer a wide variety of approaches to both their subject, the infant Jesus, and the means of presenting it. All Wonders in One Sight examines the ways in which early modern English poets understood and accomplished the poetic task of representing Christ as both Child and God. Focusing on the intellectual and theological content of the poems as well as the devotional aims of the poets, Theresa M. Kenney aims to reveal their understandings of divine immanence and the sacrament of the Eucharist

     

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    ISBN: 9781487539610; 9781487539627
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    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Christian poetry, English; English poetry; Religious poetry, English
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (240 Seiten)
  11. Alone together
    poetics of the passions in late medieval Iberia
    Autor*in: Berlin, Henry
    Erschienen: [2021]; © 2021
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto ; Buffalo ; London

    The turn of the fifteenth century saw an explosion of literature throughout Iberia that was not just sentimental, but about sentiment. Alone Together reveals the political, ethical, and poetic dimensions of this phenomenon, which was among the most... mehr

    Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The turn of the fifteenth century saw an explosion of literature throughout Iberia that was not just sentimental, but about sentiment. Alone Together reveals the political, ethical, and poetic dimensions of this phenomenon, which was among the most important of the substantial changes in intellectual and literary culture taking place in the crowns of Portugal, Castile, and Aragon. With careful analyses of lyric poetry, sentimental prose, and wide-ranging treatises in multiple languages, this study foregrounds the dense web of relations among these genres and linguistic and cultural traditions. Drawing on Stoic and early monastic thought, authors such as the Marqués de Santillana, Ausiàs March, and Alfonso de Madrigal explored the unifying potential of shared emotion in an ethical rehabilitation that cut across the personal and political, exalting friendly conversation, civic communication, and collective poetic composition. In his readings of these authors, Henry Berlin references recent work on lyric theory and the history and theory of emotion, from classical antiquity to the modern day. An exploration of the political and poetic potential of shared emotion, Alone Together shows how a heuristic focus on the notion of passion is illuminating for broader ongoing discussions about the nature of emotion, the lyric, and subjectivity

     

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    ISBN: 9781487509682; 9781487509699
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    Schriftenreihe: Toronto Iberic ; 59
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Gefühl <Motiv>; Literatur
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 320 Seiten)
  12. The form of love
    poetry's quarrel with philosophy
    Autor*in: Kuzner, James
    Erschienen: 2021; © 2021
    Verlag:  Fordham University Press, New York

    Can poetry articulate something about love that philosophy cannot? The Form of Love argues that it can. In close readings of seven "metaphysical" poems, the book shows how poets of the early modern period and beyond use poetic form to turn philosophy... mehr

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    Can poetry articulate something about love that philosophy cannot? The Form of Love argues that it can. In close readings of seven "metaphysical" poems, the book shows how poets of the early modern period and beyond use poetic form to turn philosophy to other ends, in order not to represent the truth about love but to create a virtual experience of love, in all its guises. The Form of Love shows how verse creates love that can't exist without poetry's specific affordances, and how poems can, in their impossibility, prompt love's radical re-imagining. Like the philosophies on which they draw, metaphysical poems imagine love as an intense form of non-sovereignty, of giving up control. They even imagine love as a liberating bondage-to a friend, a beloved, a saint, a God, or a garden. Yet these poems create strange, striking versions of such love, made in, rather than through, the devices, structures, and forces where love appears.Tracing how poems think, Kuzner argues, requires an intimate form of reading: close-even too close-attention to and thinking with the text. Showing how poetry thinks of love otherwise than other fields, the book reveals how poetry and philosophy can nevertheless enter into a relation that is itself like love

     

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: First edition
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Love in literature; Love poetry; Love
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (216 Seiten)
  13. The Italian novella and Shakespeare's comic heroines
    Erschienen: [2019]; © 2019
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto ; Buffalo ; London

    Using a comparative, feminist approach informed by English and Italian literary and theatre studies, this book investigates connections between Shakespearean comedy and the Italian novella tradition. Shakespeare’s comedies adapted the styles of wit,... mehr

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    Using a comparative, feminist approach informed by English and Italian literary and theatre studies, this book investigates connections between Shakespearean comedy and the Italian novella tradition. Shakespeare’s comedies adapted the styles of wit, character types, motifs, plots, and other narrative elements of the novella tradition for the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage, and they investigated social norms and roles through a conversation carried out in narrative and drama. Arguing that Shakespeare’s comedies register the playwright’s reading of the novella tradition within the collaborative playmaking context of the early modern theatre, this book demonstrates how the comic vision of these plays increasingly valued women’s authority and consent in the comic conclusion. The representation of female characters in novella collections is complex and paradoxical, as the stories portray women not only in the roles of witty plotters and storytellers but also through a multifaceted poetics of enclosed spaces – including trunks, chests, caskets, graves, cups, and beds. The relatively open-ended rhetorical situation of early modern English theatre and the dialogic form and narrative material available in the novella tradition combine to help create the complex female characters in Shakespeare’s plays and a new form of English comedy

     

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  14. Hollow Men
    Writing, Objects, and Public Image in Renaissance Italy
    Autor*in: Gaylard, Susan
    Erschienen: [2013]; © 2013
    Verlag:  Fordham University Press, New York, NY

    This book relates developments in the visual arts and printing to humanist theories of literary and bodily imitation, bringing together fifteenth- and sixteenth-century frescoes, statues, coins, letters, dialogues, epic poems, personal emblems, and... mehr

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    This book relates developments in the visual arts and printing to humanist theories of literary and bodily imitation, bringing together fifteenth- and sixteenth-century frescoes, statues, coins, letters, dialogues, epic poems, personal emblems, and printed collections of portraits. Its interdisciplinary analyses show that Renaissance theories of emulating classical heroes generated a deep skepticism about self-presentation, ultimately contributing to a new awareness of representation as representation.Hollow Men shows that the Renaissance questioning of "interiority" derived from a visual ideal, the monument that was the basis of teachings about imitation. In fact, the decline of exemplary pedagogy and the emergence of modern masculine subjectivity were well underway in the mid–fifteenth century, and these changes were hastened by the rapid development of the printed image

     

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    Schlagworte: Aretino; Bembo; Castiglione; Ghirlandaio; Pontano; Tasso; exemplar; impresa; monument; portrait; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Art, Renaissance; Italian language; Italian literature; Italian literature; Masculinity in art; Masculinity in literature; Renaissance
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  15. Reading and not reading "The Faerie Queene"
    Spenser and the making of literary criticism
    Erschienen: [2020]; © 2020
    Verlag:  Princeton University Press, Princeton ; Oxford

    The four-hundred-year story of readers' struggles with a famously unreadable poem—and what they reveal about the history of reading and the future of literary studies"I am now in the country, and reading Spencer's fairy-queen. Pray what is the matter... mehr

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    The four-hundred-year story of readers' struggles with a famously unreadable poem—and what they reveal about the history of reading and the future of literary studies"I am now in the country, and reading Spencer's fairy-queen. Pray what is the matter with me?" The plaint of an anonymous reader in 1712 sounds with endearing frankness a note of consternation that resonates throughout The Faerie Queene's reception history, from its first known reader, Spenser's friend Gabriel Harvey, who urged him to write anything else instead, to Virginia Woolf, who insisted that if one wants to like the poem, "the first essential is, of course, not to read" it. For more than four centuries critics have sought to counter this strain of readerly resistance, but rather than trying to remedy the frustrations and failures of Spenser's readers, Catherine Nicholson cherishes them as a sensitive barometer of shifts in the culture of reading itself.Indeed, tracking the poem's mixed fortunes in the hands of its bored, baffled, outraged, intoxicated, obsessive, and exhausted readers turns out to be an excellent way of rethinking the past and future prospects of literary study. By examining the responses of readers from Queen Elizabeth and the keepers of Renaissance commonplace books to nineteenth-century undergraduates, Victorian children, and modern scholars, this book offers a compelling new interpretation of the poem and an important new perspective on what it means to read, or not to read, a work of literature

     

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  16. Early modern asceticism
    literature, religion, and austerity in the English renaissance
    Erschienen: [2020]; © 2020
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto ; Buffalo ; London

    In discussions of the works of Donne, Milton, Marvell, and Bunyan, Early Modern Asceticism shows how conflicting approaches to asceticism animate depictions of sexuality, subjectivity, and embodiment in early modern literature and religion. The book... mehr

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    In discussions of the works of Donne, Milton, Marvell, and Bunyan, Early Modern Asceticism shows how conflicting approaches to asceticism animate depictions of sexuality, subjectivity, and embodiment in early modern literature and religion. The book challenges the perception that the Renaissance marks a decisive shift in attitudes towards the body, sex, and the self. In early modernity, self-respect was a Satanic impulse that had to be annihilated – the body was not celebrated, but beaten into subjection – and, feeling circumscribed by sexual desire, ascetics found relief in pain, solitude, and deformity. On the basis of this austerity, Early Modern Asceticism questions the ease with which scholarship often elides the early and the modern

     

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  17. The Structures of Sidney's Arcadia
    Autor*in: Lindheim, Nancy
    Erschienen: [2019]; © 1982
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    The argument of this study is that the Arcadia, like the High Renaissance painting analysed by Heinrich Wolfflin, is characterized by what may be called 'multiple unity.' The complexity of its organization, whether examined rhetorically in terms of... mehr

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    The argument of this study is that the Arcadia, like the High Renaissance painting analysed by Heinrich Wolfflin, is characterized by what may be called 'multiple unity.' The complexity of its organization, whether examined rhetorically in terms of language and thought or tonally through its sequence of events, or narratively through the relation of episode to main plot, is an expression of Sidney's need to control and arrange experience for aesthetic and moral purposes without giving up his perception of its chaos or unmanageability. The nature of Sidney's complex vision, in spite of the apparently pastoral title of Arcadia, is not pastoral but epic. Like much important Renaissance writing, the work is a paedeia, an education of princes, in which the narrative seeks what Sidney considered the paramount object of learning: 'the knowledge of a man's self, in the ethnic and politic consideration.' Professor Lindheim finds that the key to the greater stylistic and narrative complexity of the revised Arcadia lies in the larger and deeper reading of experience that it offers. The New Arcadia is not merely the Old Arcadia heavily ornamented and reassembled in quaint ways, but a radically receonceived work, a re-vision as well as a revision of the earlier version. The radical (root, upwards from the very foundation) coherence of the work is here explored by tracing its rhetoric to an inherent rhetoricism and by abalysing its style stylistically. The Arcadia is a masterpiece of Elizabethan literature because of this integrity: because Sidney's technique, whether stylistic, rhetorical, or narrative, has a direct bearing on his humanist understanding of experience

     

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    ISBN: 9781487576103
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    Schriftenreihe: Heritage
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Arcadia in literature; Country life in literature; Pastoral literature, English; Rhetoric, Renaissance; Struktur
    Weitere Schlagworte: Sidney, Philip (1554-1586): Arcadia; Sidney, Philip (1554-1586): The new Arcadia
    Umfang: 1 online resource (232 pages)
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  18. George Chapman
    A Critical Study
    Autor*in: MacLure, Millar
    Erschienen: [2019]; © 1966
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    George Campman (1559-1634) is one of the most important literary figures of the English Renaissance. A powerful personality, melancholy and witty, his style by turns obscure and elegant, he attempted almost every genre of poetry practised in his day:... mehr

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    George Campman (1559-1634) is one of the most important literary figures of the English Renaissance. A powerful personality, melancholy and witty, his style by turns obscure and elegant, he attempted almost every genre of poetry practised in his day: mythological narrative, philosophical poem, panegyric, elegy, comedy, tragedy, masque, and translation from the classics. This book is the first full-length critical study in English of all his works, poems, plays, and translations, considered in detail in relation to their genres, and in terms of Chapman's intellectual and aesthetic development. The major non-dramatic poems, the tragedies (which have often been the subject of critical comment) and "Chapman's Homer" receive the largest share of attention, but the comedies, in which Chapman was a stylish innovator, and the minor translations are also discussed at length, and an attempt is made to place Chapman among his great contemporaries. In tracing the relationship between Chapman's art and his aesthetic, moral, and intellectual notions, Professor MacLure has made a valuable contribution to the study of Renaissance thought and literature, and introduced an unusual poetic personality to readers who knows Chapman only in fragments or by allusion

     

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    ISBN: 9781487576578
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    Schriftenreihe: Heritage
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance; Authors, English
    Weitere Schlagworte: Chapman, George (1559-1634)
    Umfang: 1 online resource (258 pages)
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  19. Heroic Awe
    The Sublime and the Remaking of Renaissance Epic
    Autor*in: Lehtonen, Kelly
    Erschienen: 2022; ©2022
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    During the Renaissance, the most renowned model of epic poetry was Virgil’s Aeneid, a poem promoting an influential concept of heroism based on the commitment to one’s nation and gods. However, Longinus’ theory of the sublime – newly recovered during... mehr

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    During the Renaissance, the most renowned model of epic poetry was Virgil’s Aeneid, a poem promoting an influential concept of heroism based on the commitment to one’s nation and gods. However, Longinus’ theory of the sublime – newly recovered during the Renaissance – contradicted this absolute devotion to nation as a marker of religious piety. Heroic Awe explores how Renaissance epic poetry used the sublime to challenge the assumption that epic heroism was primarily about civic duty and glorification of state. The book demonstrates how the significant investment of Renaissance epic poetry in Longinus’ theory of the sublime reshaped the genre of epic. To do so, Kelly Lehtonen examines the intersection between the Longinian sublime and early modern Protestant and Catholic discourses in Renaissance poems such as the Gerusalemme Liberata, Les Semaines, The Faerie Queene, and Paradise Lost. In illuminating the role of Longinus along with that of religious discourses, Heroic Awe offers a new perspective on epic heroism in Renaissance epic poetry, redefining heroism as the capacity to be overwhelmed emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually by encounters with divine glory. In considering the links between religion, the sublime, and epic, the book aims to shed new light on several core topics in early modern studies, including epic heroism, Renaissance philosophy, theories of emotion, and the psychology of religion

     

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    ISBN: 9781487545406
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    Schlagworte: Epic poetry, European; Heroic virtue in literature; Sublime, The, in literature; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Weitere Schlagworte: Du Bartas; Gerusalemme Liberata; Les Semaines; Longinus; Milton; Paradise Lost; Reformation; Renaissance epic; Renaissance poetry; Spenser; Sublime; Tasso; The Faerie Queene; heroism; religion and spirituality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.), 2 b&w illustrations
  20. Veronica Franco in Dialogue
    Autor*in: Migiel, Marilyn
    Erschienen: [2022]; ©2022
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    Since the late twentieth century, the Venetian courtesan Veronica Franco has been viewed as a triumphant proto-feminist icon: a woman who celebrated her sexuality, an outspoken champion of women and their worth, and an important intellectual and... mehr

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    Since the late twentieth century, the Venetian courtesan Veronica Franco has been viewed as a triumphant proto-feminist icon: a woman who celebrated her sexuality, an outspoken champion of women and their worth, and an important intellectual and cultural presence in sixteenth-century Venice. In Veronica Franco in Dialogue, Marilyn Migiel provides a nuanced account of Franco’s rhetorical strategies through a close analysis of her literary work. Focusing on the first fourteen poems in the Terze Rime, a collection of Franco’s poems published in 1575, Migiel looks specifically at back-and-forth exchanges between Franco and an unknown male author. Migiel argues that in order to better understand what Franco is doing in the poetic collection, it is essential to understand how she constructs her identity as author, lover, and sex worker in relation to this unknown male author. Veronica Franco in Dialogue accounts for the moments of ambivalence, uncertainty, and indirectness in Franco’s poetry, as well as the polemicism and assertions of triumph. In doing so, it asks readers to consider their ideological investments in the stories we tell about early modern female authors and their cultural production

     

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    ISBN: 9781487542603
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    Schriftenreihe: Toronto Italian Studies
    Schlagworte: LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
  21. Shakespearean Resurrection
    The Art of Almost Raising the Dead
    Autor*in: Benson, Sean
    Erschienen: [2022]; ©2009
    Verlag:  Penn State University Press, University Park, PA

    This engaging book demonstrates Shakespeare’s abiding interest in the theatrical potential of the Christian resurrection from the dead. In fourteen of Shakespeare’s plays, characters who have been lost, sometimes for years, suddenly reappear... mehr

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    This engaging book demonstrates Shakespeare’s abiding interest in the theatrical potential of the Christian resurrection from the dead. In fourteen of Shakespeare’s plays, characters who have been lost, sometimes for years, suddenly reappear seemingly returning from the dead. In the classical recognition scene, such moments are explained away in naturalistic terms a character was lost at sea but survived, or abducted and escaped, and so on. Shakespeare never invalidates such explanations, but in his manipulation of classical conventions he parallels these moments with the recognition scenes from the Gospels, repeatedly evoking Christ’s resurrection from the dead.Benson’s close study of the plays, as well as the classical and biblical sources that Shakespeare fuses into his recognition scenes, clearly elucidates the ways in which the playwright explored his abiding interest in the human desire to transcend death and to live reunited and reconciled with others. In his manipulation of resurrection imagery, Shakespeare conflates the material with the immaterial, the religious with the secular, and the sacred with the profane

     

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    ISBN: 9780820705071
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    Schriftenreihe: Medieval & Renaissance Literary Studies
    Schlagworte: Dead in literature; Resurrection in literature; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (229 p.)
  22. Piers Plowman and the poetics of enigma
    riddles, rhetoric, and theology
    Erschienen: [2017]; © 2017
    Verlag:  University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana

    "In this book, Curtis Gruenler proposes that the concept of the enigmatic, latent in a wide range of medieval thinking about literature, can help us better understand in medieval terms much of the era's most enduring literature, from the riddles of... mehr

    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    GE 2017/6197
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
    2018 A 5176
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    Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
    2017 A 12285
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    I LAN 381
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    Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel
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    "In this book, Curtis Gruenler proposes that the concept of the enigmatic, latent in a wide range of medieval thinking about literature, can help us better understand in medieval terms much of the era's most enduring literature, from the riddles of the Anglo-Saxon bishop Aldhelm to the great vernacular works of Dante, Chaucer, Julian of Norwich, and, above all, Langland's Piers Plowman. Riddles, rhetoric, and theology--the three fields of meaning of aenigma in medieval Latin--map a way of thinking about reading and writing obscure literature that was widely shared across the Middle Ages. The poetics of enigma links inquiry about language by theologians with theologically ambitious literature. Each sense of enigma brings out an aspect of this poetics. The playfulness of riddling, both oral and literate, was joined to a Christian vision of literature by Aldhelm and the Old English riddles of the Exeter Book. Defined in rhetoric as an obscure allegory, enigma was condemned by classical authorities but resurrected under the influence of Augustine as an aid to contemplation. Its theological significance follows from a favorite biblical verse among medieval theologians, "We see now through a mirror in an enigma, then face to face" (1 Cor. 13:12). Along with other examples of the poetics of enigma, Piers Plowman can be seen as a culmination of centuries of reflection on the importance of obscure language for knowing and participating in endless mysteries of divinity and humanity and a bridge to the importance of the enigmatic in modern literature. This book will be especially useful for scholars and undergraduate students interested in medieval European literature, literary theory, and contemplative theology"--

     

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  23. Solitude and speechlessness
    Renaissance writing and reading in isolation
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    Recent literary criticism, along with academic culture at large, has stressed collaboration as essential to textual creation and sociability as a literary and academic virtue. Solitude and Speechlessness proposes an alternative understanding of... mehr

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    Recent literary criticism, along with academic culture at large, has stressed collaboration as essential to textual creation and sociability as a literary and academic virtue. Solitude and Speechlessness proposes an alternative understanding of writing with a complementary mode of reading: literary engagement, it suggests, is the meeting of strangers, each in a state of isolation. The Renaissance authors discussed in this study did not necessarily work alone or without collaborators, but they were uncertain who would read their writings and whether those readers would understand them. These concerns are represented in their work through tropes, images, and characterizations of isolation. The figure of the isolated, misunderstood, or misjudged poet is a preoccupation that relies on imagining the lives of wandering and complaining youths, eloquent melancholics, exemplary hermits, homeless orphans, and retiring stoics; such figures acknowledge the isolation in literary experience. As a response to this isolation of literary connection, Solitude and Speechlessness proposes an interpretive mode it defines as strange reading: a reading that merges comprehension with indeterminacy and the imaginative work of interpretation with the recognition of historical difference Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Writing in Solitude -- 1. Lyric Futures: Hidden Ambitions in the Sidney-Pembroke Circle -- 2. Nameless Orphans: Ambitious Poetry in an Age of Modesty -- 3. The Peril of Understanding: Forms of Obscurity -- 4. The Lure of Solitude: Melancholy and Eremitism as Literary Dispositions -- 5. The Naked Sense of Retirement: Cowley, Marvell, Traherne -- 6. Literary History in Isolation: Bacon, Hofmannsthal, and Historical Memory -- Conclusion: Reading in Solitude -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781487519322
    Weitere Identifier:
    RVK Klassifikation: HI 1161
    Schlagworte: Solitude in literature; Authorship; English literature; Social isolation in literature; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (260 Seiten)
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    Includes bibliographical references and index

  24. Untimely deaths in Renaissance drama
    biography, history, catastrophe
    Autor*in: Griffin, Andrew
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  University of Toronto Press, Toronto

    In the decades before history was institutionalized as a scholarly discipline, historical writing was practiced variously by poets, record keepers, lawyers, sermonizers, mythologizers, and philosophers. In this welter of competing forms of historical... mehr

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    In the decades before history was institutionalized as a scholarly discipline, historical writing was practiced variously by poets, record keepers, lawyers, sermonizers, mythologizers, and philosophers. In this welter of competing forms of historical thought, early modern drama often operated as a site in which claims about the nature of historical change could be treated in a frequently conflicting manner. To explore this arena of competing forms of historical explanation, Untimely Deaths in Renaissance Drama focuses on the problem of narrative abruption in a selection of historically minded early modern plays as they rely on various strategies to make sense of biography and fatality. Arguing that narrative forms fail in the face of untimely death, Andrew Griffin shows that the disruption appears as a matter of trauma, making the untimely death both a point of narrative conflict and a social problem. Exploring the formula that early modern dramatists used to make sense of life and death, this book draws on the wider context of this period's culture of historical writing Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Biography, History, Catastrophe -- 1. Richard II, Problem Tragedy -- 2. A Chaste Maid in Cheapside and the Histories of London -- 3. Epic Tragedies in Marlowe's Dido, Queen of Carthage -- 4. Military Catastrophe and Elegiac History in The Atheist's Tragedy -- Conclusion: "Making Good the Conclusion": Ben Jonson and Bathetic Overliving -- Notes -- Works Cited -- Index

     

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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781487518028
    Weitere Identifier:
    RVK Klassifikation: HI 1161 ; HI 1250
    Schlagworte: History in literature; Death in literature; English drama; English drama; LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 197 Seiten)
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    restricted access online access with authorization star

    Includes bibliographical references and index

  25. Imperfect Creatures
    Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600-1740
    Autor*in: Cole, Lucinda
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

    "Lucinda Cole's Imperfect Creatures offers the first full-length study of the shifting, unstable, but foundational status of "vermin" as creatures and category in the early modern literary, scientific, and political imagination. In the space between... mehr

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    "Lucinda Cole's Imperfect Creatures offers the first full-length study of the shifting, unstable, but foundational status of "vermin" as creatures and category in the early modern literary, scientific, and political imagination. In the space between theology and an emergent empiricism, Cole's argument engages a wide historical swath of canonical early modern literary texts--William Shakespeare's Macbeth, Christopher Marlowe's The Jew of Malta, Abraham Cowley's The Plagues of Egypt, Thomas Shadwell's The Virtuoso, Rochester's "A Ramble in St. James's Park," and Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Journal of the Plague Year--alongside other nonliterary primary sources and under-examined archival materials from the period, including treatises on animal trials, grain shortages, rabies, and comparative neuroanatomy. As Cole illustrates, human health and demographic problems--notably those of feeding populations periodically stricken by hunger, disease, and famine--were tied to larger questions about food supplies, property laws, national identity, and the theological imperatives that underwrote humankind's claim to dominion over the animal kingdom. In this context, Cole's study indicates, so-called "vermin" occupied liminal spaces between subject and object, nature and animal, animal and the devil, the devil and disease--even reason and madness. This verminous discourse formed a foundational category used to carve out humankind's relationship to an unpredictable, a-rational natural world, but it evolved into a form for thinking about not merely animals but anything that threatened the health of the body politic--humans, animals, and even thoughts. "--

     

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