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  1. FDI in BRICS countries and the Chinese capital internationalization
    Autor*in: Conti, Bruno de; Diegues, Antonio Carlos
    Erschienen: setembro 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP, Campinas

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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP ; 419
    Schlagworte: Foreign Direct Investment; BRICS; China; Development strategies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Transição energética e potencial de cooperação nos Brics em energias renováveis e gás natural
    Autor*in: Losekann, Luciano; Tavares, Amanda
    Erschienen: agosto de 2021
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The BRICS are characterized by the diversity of energy systems, socioeconomic structures, and institutional frameworks. Therefore, the energy transition process assumes particular trends in each country. Despite the high share of fossil fuels in the... mehr

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    The BRICS are characterized by the diversity of energy systems, socioeconomic structures, and institutional frameworks. Therefore, the energy transition process assumes particular trends in each country. Despite the high share of fossil fuels in the energy mix, the BRICS are engaged in promoting clean energy sources. Expanding cooperation in the area of energy is seen as a way to seize opportunities for complementarity. This study analyzes the initiatives and opportunities for cooperation in the BRICS energy transition process at bilateral and multilateral levels, with a focus on the diffusion of renewable sources and natural gas. The first part of the study describes the evolution of the BRICS energy mix and policies for the diffusion of renewable energies and natural gas as a way to mitigate CO2 emissions. The second part of the report addresses energy cooperation among the BRICS, presenting the initiatives already developed, prospects and opportunities.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2680
    Schlagworte: BRICS; cooperation; renewable energy; natural gas; energy efficiency; CO2 emissions
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Foreign policy change in Brazil
    drivers and implications
    Autor*in: Zilla, Claudia
    Erschienen: [July 2022]
    Verlag:  SWP, Berlin

    Even during his 2018 election campaign, Jair Bolsonaro promised a fundamental shift in Brazilian foreign policy. Since taking office as Brazil’s president on 1 January 2019, foreign policy change has been ever present in Bolsonaro’s discourse and, in... mehr

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    Even during his 2018 election campaign, Jair Bolsonaro promised a fundamental shift in Brazilian foreign policy. Since taking office as Brazil’s president on 1 January 2019, foreign policy change has been ever present in Bolsonaro’s discourse and, in some cases, is evident in policy decisions. Foreign policy change is not just about modified rhetoric, but rather about a targeted policy with ideational foundations and supporting actors. The change is being driven by members of the government’s so‑called ideological wing. Some of the shifts that have already taken place during this political change should be seen less as a break with the policies of the previous government than as an intensification of developments that had already been underway for several years. Some foreign policy goals of the ideological wing fail because of the interests and interventions of the other two government wings, the technocratic and the military wing. Several contextual factors, such as China’s growing economic importance, also delimit the sought after foreign policy change.

     
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    hdl: 10419/262355
    Schriftenreihe: SWP research paper ; 2022, 8 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Sicherheitspolitik; Ursache; Innenpolitik; Außenpolitik; Änderung; Circumstantia; Kultur; Ideologie; Technikbewertung; Motivation; Brazil; Jair Bolsonaro; Itamaraty; ideological wing; Ernesto Araújo; BRICS; IBSA; Evangelicals
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  4. A inserção dos BRICS na África Austral
    Autor*in: Assis, Caroline Chagas de
    Erschienen: agosto de 2022
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Africa has had a renewed strategic importance in the 21st century. It is related to the uprise of new actor in international system that search markets and strategic partners. Whitin those new actors are Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs). In... mehr

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    Africa has had a renewed strategic importance in the 21st century. It is related to the uprise of new actor in international system that search markets and strategic partners. Whitin those new actors are Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs). In this context this paper seek to understand how BRICs introduce their selves in Southern Africa and how they set up commercially in this region, demonstrating the main strategies and mechanisms of approach. This paper is developed as part of the project "The Brazilian External Agenda to Africa: proposes and evaluation", requested for Ipea and developed during the year 2020. As a result of the research became evident that BRICs had a long history with Southern Africa, in spite of they are nowadays considered new players in the region. Despite BRICs are all together in the BRICS group, individually they have a different kind of insertion in Africa, what in some cases enables them to be complementary and in others strong competitors.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2788
    Schlagworte: BRICS; strategic partnership; Southern Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Regime switching, exchange rate volatility and intervention in BRICS currency markets
    Autor*in: Das, Suman; Roy, Saikat Sinha
    Erschienen: May 2020
    Verlag:  RIS, Research and Information System for Developing Countries, New Delhi (India)

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    Schriftenreihe: RIS discussion papers ; RIS-DP # 247
    Schlagworte: Exchange Rate; Markov Regime Switching; Volatility; Exchange Market Pressure; Intervention Index; Market Synchronization; BRICS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The impact of poverty on the ecological footprint in BRICS countries
    Autor*in: Kirsten, Frederich; Biyase, Mduduzi; Zwane, Talent
    Erschienen: March 2022
    Verlag:  Economic and Well-being Research Group, [Auckland Park]

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    Schriftenreihe: EDWRG working paper series ; 2022, number 06
    Schlagworte: BRICS; poverty; ecological footprint; PARDL
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Do technological innovation and financial development affect inequality?
    evidence from BRICS countries
    Autor*in: Biyase, Mduduzi; Zwane, Talent; Mncayi, Precious; Maleka, Mokgadi
    Erschienen: February 2023
    Verlag:  Economic and Well-being Research Group, [Auckland Park]

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    Schriftenreihe: EDWRG working paper series ; 2023, number 01
    Schlagworte: BRICS; PFMOLS; PDOLS; technological innovation; inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Foreign policy change in Brazil
    drivers and implications
    Autor*in: Zilla, Claudia
    Erschienen: [July 2022]
    Verlag:  SWP, Berlin

    Even during his 2018 election campaign, Jair Bolsonaro promised a fundamental shift in Brazilian foreign policy. Since taking office as Brazil’s president on 1 January 2019, foreign policy change has been ever present in Bolsonaro’s discourse and, in... mehr

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    Even during his 2018 election campaign, Jair Bolsonaro promised a fundamental shift in Brazilian foreign policy. Since taking office as Brazil’s president on 1 January 2019, foreign policy change has been ever present in Bolsonaro’s discourse and, in some cases, is evident in policy decisions. Foreign policy change is not just about modified rhetoric, but rather about a targeted policy with ideational foundations and supporting actors. The change is being driven by members of the government’s so‑called ideological wing. Some of the shifts that have already taken place during this political change should be seen less as a break with the policies of the previous government than as an intensification of developments that had already been underway for several years. Some foreign policy goals of the ideological wing fail because of the interests and interventions of the other two government wings, the technocratic and the military wing. Several contextual factors, such as China’s growing economic importance, also delimit the sought after foreign policy change.

     
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    hdl: 10419/262355
    Schriftenreihe: SWP research paper ; 2022, 8 (July 2022)
    Schlagworte: Sicherheitspolitik; Ursache; Innenpolitik; Außenpolitik; Änderung; Circumstantia; Kultur; Ideologie; Technikbewertung; Motivation; Brazil; Jair Bolsonaro; Itamaraty; ideological wing; Ernesto Araújo; BRICS; IBSA; Evangelicals
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
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  9. Am Vorabend der Weltrevolution
    Moskaus Strategie für die Neue Weltordnung
    Autor*in: Mann, Torsten; Benesch, Alexander
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Torsten Mann Verlag, Aalen

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  10. Diplomacy in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
    continuation of war by other means
    Autor*in: Fischer, Sabine
    Erschienen: [November 2023]
    Verlag:  SWP, Berlin

    Zusammenfassung: Direct negotiations on a ceasefire in Russia's war against Ukraine broke down within just a few months. Today, Moscow and Kyiv are pursuing diplomatic initiatives in order to shape the international context of the war in their... mehr

     

    Zusammenfassung: Direct negotiations on a ceasefire in Russia's war against Ukraine broke down within just a few months. Today, Moscow and Kyiv are pursuing diplomatic initiatives in order to shape the international context of the war in their favour. Russia’s war diplomacy aims to weaken the "collective West" at the global level as part of its strategy to bring external support for Ukraine to a halt. Ukraine is seeking to isolate Russia internationally. Meanwhile, Russia’s illegal war of aggression continues. If there is to be even a possibility of ceasefire negotiations in the future, Germany and its partners must carry on providing military support to Ukraine

     
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    hdl: 10419/279949
    Schriftenreihe: SWP comment ; 2023, no. 53 (November 2023)
    SWP comment ; 2023, no. 53 (November 2023)
    Schlagworte: Diplomatie; Internationale Politik; Politische Kommunikation; Gipfelkonferenz; Außenpolitik; Geheimdiplomatie
    Weitere Schlagworte: Russia; Ukraine; War on Ukraine; peace negotiations; ceasefire; diplomacy; Bakhmut; Black Sea Grain Initiative; BSGI; Grain from Ukraine; collective West; anti-colonialism; BRICS; peace formula; Kyiv Security Compact; security commitments; security guarantees; Graue Literatur
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
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    "English version of SWP-Aktuell 56/2023"

    Gesehen am 13.11.2023
  11. Diplomacy in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
    continuation of war by other means
    Autor*in: Fischer, Sabine
    Erschienen: [November 2023]
    Verlag:  SWP, Berlin

    Direct negotiations on a ceasefire in Russia's war against Ukraine broke down within just a few months. Today, Moscow and Kyiv are pursuing diplomatic initiatives in order to shape the international context of the war in their favour. Russia’s war... mehr

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    Direct negotiations on a ceasefire in Russia's war against Ukraine broke down within just a few months. Today, Moscow and Kyiv are pursuing diplomatic initiatives in order to shape the international context of the war in their favour. Russia’s war diplomacy aims to weaken the "collective West" at the global level as part of its strategy to bring external support for Ukraine to a halt. Ukraine is seeking to isolate Russia internationally. Meanwhile, Russia’s illegal war of aggression continues. If there is to be even a possibility of ceasefire negotiations in the future, Germany and its partners must carry on providing military support to Ukraine.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: SWP comment ; 2023, no. 53 (November 2023)
    Schlagworte: Diplomatie; Internationale Politik; Politische Kommunikation; Gipfelkonferenz; Außenpolitik; Geheimdiplomatie; Russia; Ukraine; War on Ukraine; peace negotiations; ceasefire; diplomacy; Bakhmut; Black Sea Grain Initiative; BSGI; Grain from Ukraine; collective West; anti-colonialism; BRICS; peace formula; Kyiv Security Compact; security commitments; security guarantees
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
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  12. Trends, reasons and prospects of de-dollarization
    Autor*in: Li, Yuefen
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  South Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

    The 1944 "Bretton Woods Agreement" gave birth to the new international financial system marked by the centrality of the US dollar which is a crucial pillar of the global power of the United States. Over the past eight decades, the asymmetry of the... mehr

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    The 1944 "Bretton Woods Agreement" gave birth to the new international financial system marked by the centrality of the US dollar which is a crucial pillar of the global power of the United States. Over the past eight decades, the asymmetry of the shrinking US economic weight in the world economy and growing dominant role of the dollar has become more and more glaring. The disadvantages of overreliance on the dollar have been keenly felt, especially by developing countries. The recent moves to weaponize the dollar and the payment clearance system have triggered another wave of reassessment by national states and enterprises of the role of the dollar and led to the hitherto most broad-based de-dollarization process covering from Southeast Asia to Latin America and the Middle East. De-dollarization has been incrementally taking place in different forms and led by BRICS and some commodity exporting countries. However, there are many challenges to meaningful de-dollarization. Overall, de-dollarization efforts, despite important progress, have been limited and partial. There has been progress in reducing overreliance on the dollar through foreign exchange reserve diversification and trade invoicing as evidenced by the decline in the dollar's share of allocated foreign exchange reserves and the increase of trade invoiced and transacted in currencies other than the dollar. However, on aspects requiring the deep financial market and wide network such as foreign exchange transactions, issuance of debt and payment clearance, the dollar's share has not suffered a decline. To reform the international financial system, the BRICS in particular should continue to take the lead in furthering the de-dollarization efforts.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278680
    Schriftenreihe: Research paper / South Centre ; 181 (14 August 2023)
    Schlagworte: BRICS; Currency; De-dollarization; Debt; Digital Currency; Dollarization; Foreign Exchange; Foreign Reserves; Geoeconomics; Global Economy; International Financial Architecture; International Trade; Reform of the International Financial System; SWIFT
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Os tratados bilaterais de investimento dos BRICS com países africanos
    uma análise comparativa com o ACFI brasileiro
    Autor*in: Garcia, Ana Saggioro; Misra, Manu; Lannes, Daniel
    Erschienen: setembro de 2023
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This study aims to deepen the debate on Brazil's insertion in the international investment regime by conducting a comparative analysis between Brazil's Agreement on Cooperation and Facilitation of Investments (ACFI) and the bilateral investment... mehr

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    This study aims to deepen the debate on Brazil's insertion in the international investment regime by conducting a comparative analysis between Brazil's Agreement on Cooperation and Facilitation of Investments (ACFI) and the bilateral investment treaties of the other BRICS countries with African countries. We begin with an overview of the political and economic relations between China, South Africa, Russia and India with African countries. Then, we discuss the insertion of each BRICS country in the international investment regime, and present the characteristics of the BIT models used with countries on the African continent. We carried out a quantitative research and a qualitative analysis of the agreements' texts to identify their main characteristics. Additionally, we present the performance of the four BRICS countries in the international arbitration system, and analyze the cases involving African countries and BRICS. At the end, we recall the main characteristics of the ACFIs, and do comparative analysis between the models used by the other BRICS countries, pointing out their differences and similarities. We conclude that, although the BRICS countries are pushing for reforms in the international investment regime and are critically opposed to traditional BITs, which are usually established by countries from the Global North, in relations with African countries, the four BRICS countries analyzed here use the traditional BIT model, reinforcing its rules and principles. In this sense, they end up reproducing treaties between asymmetric economies, which guarantee rights to foreign investors to the detriment of the public interest in areas that are fundamental to societies, such as the environment, health, labor, and macroeconomic stability. Only the ACFI brings a differentiated agreement model, but it has not yet been actually put into practice, to be tested, improved, or even questioned as to its necessity. In our analysis, Brazil has a way to go, and should seek to promote investments with African countries in a balanced way, ensuring that these investments effectively contribute to economic, social and environmental development of the parties involved.

     
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    hdl: 10419/285045
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2923
    Schlagworte: BRICS; bilateral investment treaties; Africa; ACFI
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Public debt and external debt sustainability among BRICS countries
    Autor*in: George, Magulsha; Shanmugam, K. R.
    Erschienen: November 2023
    Verlag:  Madras School of Economics, Chennai, India

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Madras School of Economics ; 253 (2023)
    Schlagworte: Sustainable Debt; BRICS; Bohn Model; Penalized Spline
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Financiamento externo e transição energética nos países do BRICS
    Autor*in: Mousinho, Maria Cândida Arrais de Miranda; Coelho, André Pires Batista
    Erschienen: abril de 2023
    Verlag:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Despite the challenges for its development, the energy transition is crucial not only to achieve energy security and reduce energy dependence in politically unstable regions, but above all post- -pandemic to meet the goals established in the 2030... mehr

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    Despite the challenges for its development, the energy transition is crucial not only to achieve energy security and reduce energy dependence in politically unstable regions, but above all post- -pandemic to meet the goals established in the 2030 Agenda. In this context, countries considered developed have an essential role in the trajectory for a safe global energy transition and, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) are also configured with unquestionable relevance: due to the economic, environmental and social representation they hold, these States are at the center of gravity of energy production and consumption. In that context, it is worth asking how the main global economies intersect with the countries that make up the BRICS regarding to financing for energy transition in these countries. Thus, the guiding question of this work is to know who are the main financiers of the countries that make up the BRICS for a low carbon economy within the scope of the OECD. The methodology adopted was based on the literature review that was combined with the data obtained in the prospection of the three databases chosen to carry out quantitative analyzes by summarizing statistical calculations. Among the results, it can be pointed out that among the BRICS, India was the country that received the most funding from OECD countries for energy transition and Germany was the main individual direct financier of the BRICS. It should be noted that, in relation to multilateral organizations, the World Bank played a leading role in financing the energy transition.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284920
    Schriftenreihe: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2864
    Schlagworte: energy transition; financing; developed countries; BRICS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Structural transformation in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS)
    Autor*in: Naudé, Wim; Szirmai, Adam; Haraguchi, Nobuya
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU‐MERIT), Maastricht, the Netherlands

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2016, 016
    Schlagworte: Structural change; industrialisation; manufacturing; development; entrepreneurship; innovation; Brazil; Russia; India; China; South Africa; BRICS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen