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Preliminary Material -- Personification: An Introduction /Walter S. Melion and Bart Ramakers -- 1 Personification Allegory and Embodied Cognition /Jean Bocharova -- 2 Dante and St. Francis: Shaping Lives, Reshaping Allegory /Jeremy Tambling -- 3 Personification, Power, and the Body in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Poetry /William Rhodes -- 4 The Personification of the Human Subject in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene /Brenda Machosky -- 5 Framework, Personification, and Pisanello’s Poetics /C. Jean Campbell -- 6 The Triumph of Truth in an Age of Confessional Conflict /James Clifton -- 7 The Mystical Experience—Between Personification and Incarnation: The Idea vitae Teresianae iconibus symbolicis expressa (Antwerp, Jacob Mesens: 1680s) /Ralph Dekoninck -- 8 From the Parade to the Stage: Evolution and Significance of Personifications in Lyon’s Sotties (1566–1610) /Katell Lavéant -- 9 Personification in Sir David Lyndsay’s A Satire of the Three Estates /Greg Walker -- 10 Both One and the Other: The Educational Value of Personification in the Female Humanist Theatre of Peeter Heyns (1537–1598) /Alisa van de Haar -- 11 Dirty from Behind, Pearly in Front: Lady World in Rhetoricians’ Drama /Bart Ramakers -- 12 Mute Poem, Speaking Picture: The Personification of the Paragone in Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens /Jennifer A. Royston -- 13 The Politics of Personification in the Jacobean Lord Mayors’ Shows /Susan L. Anderson -- 14 Figured Personification and Parabolic Embodiment in Jan David’s Occasio arrepta, neglecta /Walter S. Melion -- 15 Double Meaning of Personification in Early Modern Thesis Prints of the Southern Low Countries: Between Noetic and Encomiastic Representation /Gwendoline de Mûelenaere -- 16 Vermeer, the Art of Meditation, and the Allegory of Faith /Aneta Georgievska-Shine -- 17 Personifications of Caritas as Reflexive Figures /Caecilie Weissert -- 18 Maarten van Heemskerck’s Caritas: Personifying Virtue, Animating Stone with Paint, Imaging the Image Debate /Arthur J. DiFuria -- 19 Abraham Bloemaert and Caritas: A Lesson in Perception /Caroline O. Fowler -- 20 The Duchess and the Cadaver: Doubling and Microarchitecture in Late Medieval Art (with Alice Chaucer and John Lydgate) /Elizabeth Fowler -- 21 ‘But You are Blind, and Know Not What is in You’: ‘A.L.’, The Fraudulent Judge, and the Coerced Conscience /June Waudby -- 22 Precarious Personification: Fortuna in the Artist’s Cabinet /Lisa Rosenthal -- 23 Producing the Legible Body: Personification, the Beholder, and Tiepolo’s Würzburg Frescos /Max Weintraub -- 24 The Personification of Africa with an Elephant-head Crest in Cesare Ripa’s Iconologia (1603) /Joaneath Spicer -- 25 The Four Continents in Seventeenth-Century Embroidery and the Making of English Femininity /Heather A. Hughes -- Index Nominum. Personification, or prosopopeia , the rhetorical figure by which something not human is given a human identity or ‘face’, is readily discernible in early modern texts and images, but the figure’s cognitive form and function, its rhetorical and pictorial effects, have rarely elicited sustained scholarly attention. The aim of this volume is to formulate an alternative account of personification, to demonstrate the ingenuity with which this multifaceted device was utilized by late medieval and early modern authors and artists in Italy, France, England, Scotland, and the Low Countries. Personification is susceptible to an approach that balances semiotic analysis, focusing on meaning effects, and phenomenological analysis, focusing on presence effects produced through bodily performance. This dual approach foregrounds the full scope of prosopopoeic discourse—not just the what, but also the how, not only the signified, but also the signifier
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