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If "variety distinguishes Chaucer's handling of his materials," as Allen J. Frantzen writes his preface to this volume, it also distinguishes Frantzen's handling of his materials - the contents and contexts of Troilus and Criseyde. Of the few available introductory studies on Chaucer's poem, fewer still accommodate the multiplicity of ideas at play both within the text and among the various interpretations of it that have fallen in and out of vogue since the work first appeared in medieval London. Troilus and Criseyde's story of failed love amid the ruins of war often yields discussion of the traditions of courtly love and other nuances of medieval aristocratic and intellectual life. Frantzen, offering a complex analysis of the narrative that asks readers to grapple with its social, sexual, philosophical, and even comedic motifs, challenges many preconceived ideas about medieval culture and about Chaucer as its chief spokesman The device Frantzen uses to focus on the poem from so many perspectives is the frame. The textual frame delineates the reader's view of a narrative "exactly as a visual frame encloses a picture," Frantzen writes. "History has placed many frames around Troilus and Criseyde, and Chaucer has placed many frames within the poem as a means of structuring his complex plot. To concentrate on the frame is not to forget the text but is rather to ask how and where we see its edges, its openings, its points of contact with the world around it." In the early chapters of this volume Frantzen presents many of the almost innumerable and sometimes contradictory frames that Chaucer and history have provided: Troilus and Criseyde as tragedy, as comedy, as philosophy; as tale of the inevitable failure of romantic love, of betrayal, of morality, of Christian piety, of the evils of fallen womanhood, of the evils of men's victimization of women. For the balance of the study Frantzen offers his own close reading of the poem, regarding each of its five books from a distinct, though not exclusive, frame of reference: the narrator; Pandarus, Troilus's influential friend; love; war; and fate
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