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  1. Green technology policies versus carbon pricing: an intergenerational perspective
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

    Technology policy is the most widespread form of climate policy and is often preferred over seemingly efficient carbon pricing. We propose a new explanation for this observation: gains that predominantly accrue to households with large capital assets... mehr

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    Technology policy is the most widespread form of climate policy and is often preferred over seemingly efficient carbon pricing. We propose a new explanation for this observation: gains that predominantly accrue to households with large capital assets and that influence majority decisions in favor of technology policy. We study climate policy choices in an overlapping generations model with heterogeneous energy technologies and distortionary income taxation. Compared to carbon pricing, green technology policy leads to a pronounced capital subsidy effect that benefits most of the current generations but burdens future generations. Based on majority voting which disregards future generations, green technology policies are favored over a carbon tax. Smart "polluter-pays" financing of green technology policies enables obtaining the support of current generations while realizing efficiency gains for future generations.

     

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    hdl: 10419/238219
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 21, 362 (August 2021)
    Schlagworte: Umwelttechnik; Umweltpolitik; Umweltstandard; Ökosteuer; Overlapping Generations; Theorie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Optimal environmental border adjustments under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
    Erschienen: May 2019
    Verlag:  Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Ames, Iowa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Center for Agricultural and Rural Development ; 19-591 (May 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Emission targets and coalition options for a small, ambitious country
    an analysis of welfare costs and distributional impacts for Norway
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We theoretically and numerically analyse the impacts for a small, open country with carbon abatement ambitions of joining a coalition with allowance trading. Besides welfare impacts for both the coalition and the small, open economy joining the... mehr

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    We theoretically and numerically analyse the impacts for a small, open country with carbon abatement ambitions of joining a coalition with allowance trading. Besides welfare impacts for both the coalition and the small, open economy joining the coalition, we scrutinise how the studied policy options differ with respect to their distributional impacts across domestic income groups. Our example is the EU 2030 policies and Norway’s linking to it. In spite of theoretical ambiguity, the findings suggest that the tighter the links with the EU, the lower the abatement costs for Norway. The distributional profile of the welfare costs tends to be progressive regardless of the choice of linking options; however, the less progressive, the lower the overall welfare cost. This indicates a trade-off between efficiency and distribution concerns. A national cap-and-trade system without linking to the EU is the least cost-effective option for Norway but also the most progressive as the higher income deciles face lower capital return and wages.

     

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    hdl: 10419/232471
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 8874 (2021)
    Schlagworte: carbon policies; distributional impact; Emission Trading System; Effort Sharing Regulation; Computable General Equilibrium model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Brexit: everyone loses, but Britain loses the most
    Erschienen: March 2019
    Verlag:  PIIE, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / PIIE, Peterson Institute for International Economics ; 19, 5
    Schlagworte: Economic Methodology; Economic Simulation; Foreign Trade; Multinationals; Foreign Direct Investment; European Economy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The road to a low emission society
    costs of interacting climate regulations
    Erschienen: December 2021
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo

    Transportation is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate regulations on transportation are often a mix of sector-specific regulations and economy-wide measures (such as emission pricing). In this paper we analyse the... mehr

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    Transportation is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate regulations on transportation are often a mix of sector-specific regulations and economy-wide measures (such as emission pricing). In this paper we analyse the effects on economic welfare, abatement costs and emissions of such interacting and partly overlapping climate regulations for private transportation. Our focus is on Norway, a nation where high taxation of conventional fossil-fuelled cars has paved the floor for another pillar of climate policies: promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) in private transport. Our contribution to the literature is two-fold. First, we analyse the costs and impacts of the partly overlapping climate regulations in transportation - the cap on domestic non-ETS emissions and the goal of all new cars for private households being EVs - focussing on the outcome in 2030 in Norway. Second, we respond to an important gap in the literature through a methodological development in economy-wide computable general equilibrium (CGE) approaches for climate policy by introducing EV technologies as an explicit transport equipment choice for private households. We find that, for the case of Norway, combining a specific EV target with policy to cap emissions through a uniform carbon price triples the welfare costs.

     

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    hdl: 10419/250139
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Statistics Norway, Research Department ; 972
    Schlagworte: Climate policy; carbon pricing; green transport policies; overlapping regulations; modelling electric vehicles; CGE-model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Green technology policies versus carbon pricing
    an intergenerational perspective
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo

    Technology policy is the most widespread form of climate policy and is often preferred over seemingly efficient carbon pricing. We propose a new explanation for this observation: gains that predominantly accrue to households with large capital assets... mehr

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    Technology policy is the most widespread form of climate policy and is often preferred over seemingly efficient carbon pricing. We propose a new explanation for this observation: gains that predominantly accrue to households with large capital assets and that influence majority decisions in favor of technology policy. We study climate policy choices in an overlapping generations model with heterogeneous energy technologies and distortionary income taxation. Compared to carbon pricing, green technology policy leads to a pronounced capital subsidy effect that benefits most of the current generations but burdens future generations. Based on majority voting which disregards future generations, green technology policies are favored over a carbon tax. Smart "polluter-pays" financing of green technology policies enables obtaining the support of current generations while realizing efficiency gains for future generations.

     

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    hdl: 10419/250132
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Statistics Norway, Research Department ; 965
    Schlagworte: Umwelttechnik; Umweltpolitik; Umweltstandard; Ökosteuer; Overlapping Generations; Theorie; Climate Policy; Green Technology Policy; Carbon Pricing; Overlapping Generations; Intergenerational Distribution; Social Welfare; General Equilibrium
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Increasing the CO2 tax towards 2030
    impacts on the Norwegian economy and CO2 emissions
    Erschienen: 6 October 2022
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, [Oslo]

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    ISBN: 9788258715990
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11159/12323
    Schriftenreihe: Reports / Statistics Norway ; 2022, 43
    Schlagworte: Ökosteuer; Treibhausgas-Emissionen; Wirkungsanalyse; CGE-Modell; Kleine offene Volkswirtschaft; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten)
  8. Emission targets and coalition options for a small, ambitious country
    an analysis of welfare costs and distributional impacts for Norway
    Erschienen: May 2021
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo

    We theoretically and numerically analyse the impacts for a small, open country with carbon abatement ambitions of joining a coalition with allowance trading. Besides welfare impacts for both the coalition and the small, open economy joining the... mehr

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    We theoretically and numerically analyse the impacts for a small, open country with carbon abatement ambitions of joining a coalition with allowance trading. Besides welfare impacts for both the coalition and the small, open economy joining the coalition, we scrutinise how the studied policy options differ with respect to their distributional impacts across domestic income groups. Our example is the EU 2030 policies and Norway's linking to it. In spite of theoretical ambiguity, the findings suggest that the tighter the links with the EU, the lower the abatement costs for Norway. The distributional profile of the welfare costs tends to be progressive, i.e., the relative (and absolute) incidence of the carbon policy falls more heavily on wealthy households than poor households, regardless of the choice of linking options. However, the less progressive, the lower the overall welfare cost. This indicates a trade-off between efficiency and distribution concerns. A national capand-trade system without linking to the EU is the least cost-effective option for Norway but also the most progressive as the higher income deciles face lower capital return and wages.

     

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    hdl: 10419/249146
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Statistics Norway, Research Department ; no. 956
    Schlagworte: Carbon policies; Distributional impact; Emission Trading System; Effort Sharing Regulation; Computable General Equilibrium model
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Green technology policies versus carbon pricing: An intergenerational perspective
  10. Emission pricing and CO2 compensation in the EU
    the optimal compensation to the power-intensive and trade-exposed industries for increased electricity prices
    Erschienen: October 2023
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo

    Unilateral CO2 emission reduction can lead to carbon leakage, such as relocation of power-intensive and trade-exposed industries. In the EU emission trading system, these industries are also subjected to higher cost of electricity due to emission... mehr

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    Unilateral CO2 emission reduction can lead to carbon leakage, such as relocation of power-intensive and trade-exposed industries. In the EU emission trading system, these industries are also subjected to higher cost of electricity due to emission pricing in this sector. As a result, the industries in the EU receive free emission allowances to mitigate carbon leakage as well as CO2 compensation due to higher electricity cost. This paper examines the welfare effects of supplementing free allowances with a CO2 compensation on the power-intensive and trade-exposed goods. The analytical results suggest that introducing CO2 compensation has a regional and global welfare improving effect under certain plausible conditions. Numerical simulations in the context of the EU ETS support the analytical findings if the emission reduction target is stringent enough.

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Statistics Norway, Research Department ; 1008
    Schlagworte: CO2 compensation; Emission trading system; Unilateral policy; Carbon leakage
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Green technology policies versus carbon pricing
    an intergenerational perspective
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    Technology policy is the most widespread form of climate policy and is often preferred over seemingly efficient carbon pricing. We propose a new explanation for this observation: gains that predominantly accrue to households with large capital assets... mehr

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    Technology policy is the most widespread form of climate policy and is often preferred over seemingly efficient carbon pricing. We propose a new explanation for this observation: gains that predominantly accrue to households with large capital assets and that influence majority decisions in favor of technology policy. We study climate policy choices in an overlapping generations model with heterogeneous energy technologies and distortionary income taxation. Compared to carbon pricing, green technology policy leads to a pronounced capital subsidy effect that benefits most of the current generations but burdens future generations. Based on majority voting which disregards future generations, green technology policies are favored over a carbon tax. Smart “polluter-pays” financing of green technology policies enables obtaining the support of current generations while realizing efficiency gains for future generations.

     

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    hdl: 10419/273469
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 23, 017 (05/2023)
    Schlagworte: Umwelttechnik; Umweltpolitik; Umweltstandard; Ökosteuer; Overlapping Generations; Theorie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The SNOW model for Norway
    documentation of SNOW-NO
    Erschienen: 29 February 2024
    Verlag:  Statistics Norway, [Oslo]

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    ISBN: 9788258719370
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 11159/653590
    Schriftenreihe: Documents / Statistics Norway ; 2024, 16
    Schlagworte: Mehrsektoren-Modell; CGE-Modell; Energiepolitik; Umweltpolitik; Klimaschutz; Norwegen
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)
  13. The intergenerational incidence of green tax reform
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

    We examine the lifetime incidence and intergenerational distributional effects of an economywide carbon tax swap using a numerical dynamic general equilibrium model with overlapping generations of the U.S. economy. We highlight various fundamental... mehr

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    We examine the lifetime incidence and intergenerational distributional effects of an economywide carbon tax swap using a numerical dynamic general equilibrium model with overlapping generations of the U.S. economy. We highlight various fundamental choices in policy design including (1) the level of the initial carbon tax, (2) the growth rate of the carbon tax trajectory of over time, and (3) alternative ways for revenue recycling. Without revenue recycling, we find that generations born before the tax is introduced experience smaller welfare losses, or even gain, relative to future generations. For sufficiently low growth rates of the tax trajectory, the impacts for distant future generations decrease over time. For future generations born after the introduction of the tax, the negative welfare impacts are the smallest (largest) when revenues are recycled through lowering pre-existing capital income taxes (through per-capita lump-sum rebates). For generations born before the tax is introduced, we find that lump-sum rebates favor very old generations and labor (capital) income tax recycling favors very young generations (generations of intermediate age).

     

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    hdl: 10419/179449
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 18, 287 (March 2018)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Higher price, lower costs?
    minimum prices in the EU emissions trading scheme
    Erschienen: [2017]
    Verlag:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

    This paper examines the efficiency and distributional impacts of introducing a price floor in an emissions trading system (ETS) when environmental regulation is partitioned. We theoretically characterize the conditions under which a price floor... mehr

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    This paper examines the efficiency and distributional impacts of introducing a price floor in an emissions trading system (ETS) when environmental regulation is partitioned. We theoretically characterize the conditions under which a price floor enhances welfare. Using a multi-country multi-sector numerical general equilibrium model of the European carbon market, we find that moderate minimum price levels in the EU ETS can reduce the costs of EU climate policy by up to thirty percent and yield outcomes close to uniform carbon pricing. Moreover, most of the EU Member States would gain. Our results are robust with respect to parametric uncertainty in production and consumption technologies.

     

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    hdl: 10419/171686
    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 16, 243 (September 2017)
    Schlagworte: EU-Emissionshandel; Preisregulierung; Wirkungsanalyse; Verteilungswirkung; EU-Klimapolitik; Kosten; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; EU-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Vertical fiscal externalities and the environment
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  Univ., Dep. of Economics, Oldenburg

    We show that imposition of a state-level environmental tax in a federation crowds out preexisting federal taxes. We explain how this vertical fiscal externality can lead unilateral statelevel environmental policy to generate a welfare gain in the... mehr

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    We show that imposition of a state-level environmental tax in a federation crowds out preexisting federal taxes. We explain how this vertical fiscal externality can lead unilateral statelevel environmental policy to generate a welfare gain in the implementing state, at the expense of other states. Using a computable general equilibrium model of the Canadian federation, we show that vertical fiscal externalities can be the major determinant of the welfare change following environmental policy implementation by a state government. Our numerical simulations indicate that - as a consequence of vertical fiscal externalities - state governments can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by over 20 percent without any net cost to themselves.

     

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    hdl: 10419/105058
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 370
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (47 S.), graph. Darst.
  16. Vertical fiscal externalities and the environment
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  CESifo, München

    We show that imposition of a state-level environmental tax in a federation crowds out preexisting federal taxes. We explain how this vertical fiscal externality can lead unilateral state-level environmental policy to generate a welfare gain in the... mehr

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    We show that imposition of a state-level environmental tax in a federation crowds out preexisting federal taxes. We explain how this vertical fiscal externality can lead unilateral state-level environmental policy to generate a welfare gain in the implementing state, at the expense of other states. Using a computable general equilibrium model of the Canadian federation, we show that vertical fiscal externalities can be the major determinant of the welfare change following environmental policy implementation by a state government. Our numerical simulations indicate that - as a consequence of vertical fiscal externalities - state governments can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by over 20 percent without any net cost to themselves.

     

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    hdl: 10419/105123
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; 5076
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (47 S.), graph. Darst.
  17. Reducing trade costs in east Africa
    deep regional integration and multilateral action
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  World Bank, Development Research Group, Trade and International Integration Team, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 7049
    Schlagworte: Außenwirtschaftsförderung; Dienstleistungshandel; Handelsliberalisierung; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration; Freihandel; Zollunion; Ostafrika
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (109 S.)
  18. Higher price, lower costs?
    minimum prices in the EU emissions trading scheme
    Erschienen: April 2016
    Verlag:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

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    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 16/243
    Schlagworte: EU-Emissionshandel; Preisregulierung; Wirkungsanalyse; Verteilungswirkung; EU-Klimapolitik; Kosten; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; EU-Staaten
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Vertical fiscal externalities and the environment
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

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    hdl: 10419/171677
    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 16/234
    Schlagworte: Umweltpolitik; Ökosteuer; Finanzbeziehungen; Externer Effekt; Szenariotechnik; Sensitivitätsanalyse; Dekompositionsverfahren; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Kanada
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Optimal environmental border adjustments under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

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    hdl: 10419/171678
    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 16/235
    Schlagworte: Umweltpolitik; Internationales Umweltrecht; WTO-Recht; Ökosteuer
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Poverty and shared prosperity implications of deep integration in Eastern and Southern Africa
    Erschienen: May 2016
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Prospects Group, Washington, D.C.

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    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 7660
    Schlagworte: Armut; Außenwirtschaftsförderung; Dienstleistungshandel; Handelsliberalisierung; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration; Auslandsinvestition; Mikrosimulation; CGE-Modell; Subsahara-Afrika
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen