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  1. Policies for stronger productivity growth in Latvia
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    Latvia’s productivity growth is held back by weak innovation and inefficient resource allocation. The shortage of skilled workers which constrains innovation and the adoption of digital technologies must be addressed through further alignment of... mehr

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    Latvia’s productivity growth is held back by weak innovation and inefficient resource allocation. The shortage of skilled workers which constrains innovation and the adoption of digital technologies must be addressed through further alignment of vocational and tertiary education with labour market demand. Strengthening the innovation ecosystem by improving the quality of research and collaboration between firms and research institutions would help to diffuse digital technologies more widely across the economy. Fighting widespread informality, improving the low debt recovery through a more efficient insolvency regime, and reducing substantial state ownership would improve the allocation of resources. Latvia also relies heavily on EU funds to finance its important structural policies. The continuity of the most effective EU funded policy instruments needs to be ensured in the medium term, by integrating them into the national budget. This Working Paper relates to the 2019 OECD Economic Survey of Latvia (http://www.oecd.org/economy/surveys/latvia-economic-snapshot/)

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD Economics Department working papers ; no. 1571
    Schlagworte: Economics; Latvia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) in EUROMOD
    a new instrument for comparative research on tax-benefit policies in Europe

    This paper introduces the Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT), a new extension of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union. With HHoT, users can easily create their own hypothetical data, which enables them to better... mehr

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    This paper introduces the Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT), a new extension of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union. With HHoT, users can easily create their own hypothetical data, which enables them to better understand how policies work for households with specific characteristics. The tool creates unique possibilities for an enhanced analysis of taxes and social benefits in Europe by integrating results from microsimulations and hypothetical household simulations in a single modelling framework. Furthermore, the flexibility of HHoT facilitates an advanced use of hypothetical household simulations to create new comparative policy indicators in the context of multi-country and longitudinal analyses. In this paper, we highlight the main features of HHoT, its strengths and limitations, and illustrate how it can be used for comparative policy purposes.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/202263
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers on taxation and strucutral reforms ; no 2019, 05
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) in EUROMOD
    a new instrument for comparative research on tax-benefit policies in Europe
    Erschienen: March 2019
    Verlag:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK

    This paper introduces the Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT), a new extension of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union. With HHoT, users can easily create their own hypothetical data, which enables them to better... mehr

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    This paper introduces the Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT), a new extension of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union. With HHoT, users can easily create their own hypothetical data, which enables them to better understand how policies work for households with specific characteristics. The tool creates unique possibilities for an enhanced analysis of taxes and social benefits in Europe by integrating results from microsimulations and hypothetical household simulations in a single modelling framework. Furthermore, the flexibility of HHoT facilitates an advanced use of hypothetical household simulations to create new comparative policy indicators in the context of multi-country and longitudinal analyses. In this paper, we highlight the main features of HHoT, its strengths and limitations, and illustrate how it can be used for comparative policy purposes.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/228384
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 19, 5
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Policies for stronger productivity growth in Latvia
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    Latvia’s productivity growth is held back by weak innovation and inefficient resource allocation. The shortage of skilled workers which constrains innovation and the adoption of digital technologies must be addressed through further alignment of... mehr

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Latvia’s productivity growth is held back by weak innovation and inefficient resource allocation. The shortage of skilled workers which constrains innovation and the adoption of digital technologies must be addressed through further alignment of vocational and tertiary education with labour market demand. Strengthening the innovation ecosystem by improving the quality of research and collaboration between firms and research institutions would help to diffuse digital technologies more widely across the economy. Fighting widespread informality, improving the low debt recovery through a more efficient insolvency regime, and reducing substantial state ownership would improve the allocation of resources. Latvia also relies heavily on EU funds to finance its important structural policies. The continuity of the most effective EU funded policy instruments needs to be ensured in the medium term, by integrating them into the national budget. This Working Paper relates to the 2019 OECD Economic Survey of Latvia (http://www.oecd.org/economy/surveys/latvia-economic-snapshot/)

     

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    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD Economics Department working papers ; no. 1571
    Schlagworte: Economics; Latvia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Is there learning from exporting?
    firm-level evidence from Latvia
    Erschienen: 2009
    Verlag:  LSE, London

    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 117 (073)
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: RICAFE 2 working paper / London School of Economics and Political Science ; 073
    Schlagworte: Unternehmensplanung; Innovationsmanagement; Lernen; Wettbewerb; Export; Lettland
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 37 S.), graph. Darst.
  6. Nowcasting indicators of poverty risk in the European Union
    a microsimulation approach
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Univ. of Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, Colchester

    The at-risk-of-poverty rate is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is critical for monitoring the effectiveness of policies.... mehr

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 150 (2013,11)
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    The at-risk-of-poverty rate is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is critical for monitoring the effectiveness of policies. However, due to complicated nature of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) poverty risk estimates are published with a 2 to 3 year delay. This paper presents a method that can be used to estimate ("nowcast") the current at-risk-of-poverty rate for the European Union (EU) countries based on EU-SILC microdata from a previous period. The EU tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD is used for this purpose in combination with up to date macro-level statistics. We validate the method by using EU-SILC data for 2007 incomes to estimate at-risk-of-poverty rates for 2008-2012, and where possible compare our predictions with actual EU-SILC and other external statistics. The method is tested on eight EU countries which are among those experiencing the most volatile economic conditions within the period: Estonia, Greece, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal and Romania.

     

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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/91658
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 11/13
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (22 S.), graph. Darst.
  7. The importance of income-tested benefits in good times and bad
    lessons from EU countries
    Erschienen: March 2016
    Verlag:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK

    Policy over the past years has seen a gradual movement away from universal social benefits towards the provision of more targeted benefit schemes. Using the European tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD, this paper aims to compare the... mehr

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    Policy over the past years has seen a gradual movement away from universal social benefits towards the provision of more targeted benefit schemes. Using the European tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD, this paper aims to compare the effectiveness of income-tested benefits at different points in the economic cycle. This objective is considered in terms of coverage of households with incomes falling below various thresholds and importance in terms of the fraction of total resources that these benefits provide. The prevalence and relative weight of income-tested benefits throughout the income distribution is also examined. We compare the situation in 2009 with that in 2014 (or 2013) for fifteen EU Member States experiencing differing economic conditions over the period in question, including those which have been affected comparatively little by the crisis as well as those which have witnessed severe reductions in economic activity and employment levels and those in strong recovery by 2014. As EU-SILC micro-data containing household income for 2013 or 2014 are not available yet, standard EUROMOD routines are enhanced with additional adjustments to the EU-SILC based input data in order to take into account changes in the labour market. We attempt to indicate the sensitivity of the estimated policy effectiveness indicators to these particular changes. We conclude by discussing the methodological pitfalls and main findings of this research.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/157933
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 16/2
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Accounting for gender differences in the distributional effects of tax and benefit policy changes
    Erschienen: August 2016
    Verlag:  [Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex], [Colchester, Essex, UK]

    The distributional impact of policy changes is usually considered in terms of equivalised household income, assuming that each individual within the household is being affected in the same way, as a result of complete income pooling. The aim of this... mehr

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    The distributional impact of policy changes is usually considered in terms of equivalised household income, assuming that each individual within the household is being affected in the same way, as a result of complete income pooling. The aim of this paper is to extend this approach by introducing a gender perspective in the analysis of policy effects. We use EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the EU, to estimate the effects of changes in tax-benefit policies over the period 2008-2014 separately for men and women. The paper consists of two parts. First, we apply the standard approach based on the equal income sharing assumption but focus on lone parent families - a specific household type which makes gendered policy effects easier to observe. This analysis is performed for 18 EU countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Spain, France, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Finland and Sweden. Second, we estimate the policy effects for men and women in couples. To obtain gender specific effects, we redefine income at the individual level by allocating income components to each adult within the household according to a set of assumptions. We present three alternative scenarios of intra-household income sharing. All scenarios assume that all individual incomes (e.g. earnings, individual benefits) are retained by their recipients, while common incomes (e.g. family benefits, housing allowances) are distributed following three different sets of sharing rules, which are defined in relation to the primary and the secondary earner status. We compare the outcomes of men and women in these three scenarios and in the baseline which assumes equal income sharing. This analysis is performed for six countries which differ in terms of the degree of defamilialisation their welfare regimes provide: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Spain, France, Romania and Finland.

     

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/197593
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 16, 7
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Nowcasting
    estimating developments in median household income and risk of poverty in 2014 and 2015
    Erschienen: August 2016
    Verlag:  [Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex], [Colchester, Essex, UK]

    The at-risk-of-poverty rate (AROP) is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is crucial for monitoring of the social situation and... mehr

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    DS 150 (2016,8)
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    The at-risk-of-poverty rate (AROP) is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is crucial for monitoring of the social situation and of the effectiveness of tax and benefit policies. However, partly due to the complexity of EU-SILC data collection, estimates of the number of people at risk of poverty are published with a significant delay. This paper extends and updates previous work on estimating (‘nowcasting’) indicators of poverty risk using the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD. The model’s routines are enhanced with additional adjustments to the EU-SILC based input data in order to capture changes in the employment characteristics of the population since the data were collected. The nowcasting method is applied to twenty-five EU Member States. AROP rates are estimated up to 2015 for twenty countries and 2014 for the remaining five countries. The performance of the method is assessed by comparing the predictions with actual EU-SILC indicators for the years for which the latter are available.

     

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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/197594
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 16, 8
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Nowcasting
    estimating developments in the risk of poverty and income distribution in 2013 and 2014
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Univ. of Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, Colchester

    The at-risk-of-poverty rate is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is crucial for monitoring of the social situation and of the... mehr

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
    keine Fernleihe
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 150 (2015,12)
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    The at-risk-of-poverty rate is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is crucial for monitoring of the social situation and of the effectiveness of tax and benefit policies. However, partly due to the complexity of EU-SILC data collection, estimates of the number of people at risk of poverty are published with a significant delay. This paper extends and updates previous work on estimating ('nowcasting') indicators of poverty risk using the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD. The model's routines are enhanced with additional adjustments to the EU-SILC based input data in order to capture changes in the employment characteristics of the population since the data were collected. The nowcasting method is applied to seventeen EU Member States. AROP rates are estimated up to 2014 for ten countries and 2013 for the remaining seven countries. The performance of the method is assessed by comparing the predictions with actual EU-SILC indicators for the years for which the latter are available.

     

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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/157925
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; 12/15
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (27 S.), graph. Darst.
  11. Nowcasting risk of poverty and low work intensity in Europe
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Univ. of Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, Colchester

    Very low work intensity and at-risk-of-poverty are two of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Their timeliness is critical for tracing the effectiveness of policy... mehr

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 150 (2015,9)
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    Very low work intensity and at-risk-of-poverty are two of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Their timeliness is critical for tracing the effectiveness of policy interventions towards reaching this target. However, due in part to the complicated nature of microdata collection and processing, official Eurostat estimates of these indicators become available with a significant delay. This paper presents a method of estimating ('nowcasting') very low work intensity and poverty risk using the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD based on EU-SILC data and combined with up-to-date macro-level statistics from the Labour Force Survey. The method is applied to 12 EU Member States for the period 2009-2013. Its performance is assessed by comparing the EUROMOD estimates with the official Eurostat statistics for the years for which the latter are available. The most important measurement issues of the work intensity indicator that are relevant in the context of nowcasting are also discussed.

     

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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/113340
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; 9/15
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.), graph. Darst.
  12. Nowcasting
    timely indicators for monitoring risk of poverty in 2014-2016
    Erschienen: May 2017
    Verlag:  [Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex], [Colchester, Essex, UK]

    The at-risk-of-poverty rate (AROP) is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is crucial for monitoring of the social situation and... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 150 (2017,7)
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    The at-risk-of-poverty rate (AROP) is one of the three indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Europe 2020 poverty and social exclusion reduction target. Timeliness of this indicator is crucial for monitoring of the social situation and of the effectiveness of tax and benefit policies. However, partly due to the complexity of EU-SILC data collection, estimates of the number of people at risk of poverty are published with a significant delay. This paper extends and updates previous work on estimating (‘nowcasting’) indicators of poverty risk using the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD. The model’s routines are enhanced with additional adjustments to the EU-SILC based input data in order to capture changes in the employment characteristics of the population since the data were collected. The nowcasting method is applied to twenty-seven EU Member States. Median income and AROP rates are estimated up to 2016. The performance of the method is assessed by comparing the predictions with actual EU-SILC indicators for the years for which the latter are available. If nowcasts are unreliable we explain the main reasons behind the differences between the nowcasted and SILC-based indicators. For countries with stable and reliable results we discuss the main drivers behind the nowcasted trends.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/197608
    Schriftenreihe: EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 17, 7
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Tax and benefit reforms to support employment and inclusiveness and address poverty in Italy
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    This paper assesses Italy’s 2019 tax and benefit reforms, analyses hypothetical reforms and proposes a reform package that balances goals of reducing poverty, encouraging employment and fiscal sustainability. Using the OECD’s Tax-Benefit and the... mehr

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    This paper assesses Italy’s 2019 tax and benefit reforms, analyses hypothetical reforms and proposes a reform package that balances goals of reducing poverty, encouraging employment and fiscal sustainability. Using the OECD’s Tax-Benefit and the EUROMOD microsimulation models, it shows that the new guaranteed minimum income scheme introduced in 2019 significantly strengthens Italy’s low income protection system but can also financially discourage recipients from working. The debated flattening of personal income tax rates would do little to improve work incentives, but would drastically cut tax revenues and increase inequality, by reducing the progressivity of the personal tax system. A proposed reform package that maintains progressive personal income tax rates, gradually withdraws low-income support and provides additional benefits for low-wage earners would make inroads into poverty and inequality while encouraging formal work. This paper accompanies and extends the results of the in-depth chapter of the OECD 2019 Economic Survey of Italy (2019[1]) on social and regional disparities.

     

    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD Economics Department working papers ; no. 1580
    Schlagworte: Economics; Italy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Tax and benefit reforms to support employment and inclusiveness and address poverty in Italy
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  OECD, Paris, France

    This paper assesses Italy’s 2019 tax and benefit reforms, analyses hypothetical reforms and proposes a reform package that balances goals of reducing poverty, encouraging employment and fiscal sustainability. Using the OECD’s Tax-Benefit and the... mehr

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    This paper assesses Italy’s 2019 tax and benefit reforms, analyses hypothetical reforms and proposes a reform package that balances goals of reducing poverty, encouraging employment and fiscal sustainability. Using the OECD’s Tax-Benefit and the EUROMOD microsimulation models, it shows that the new guaranteed minimum income scheme introduced in 2019 significantly strengthens Italy’s low income protection system but can also financially discourage recipients from working. The debated flattening of personal income tax rates would do little to improve work incentives, but would drastically cut tax revenues and increase inequality, by reducing the progressivity of the personal tax system. A proposed reform package that maintains progressive personal income tax rates, gradually withdraws low-income support and provides additional benefits for low-wage earners would make inroads into poverty and inequality while encouraging formal work. This paper accompanies and extends the results of the in-depth chapter of the OECD 2019 Economic Survey of Italy (2019[1]) on social and regional disparities.

     

    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schriftenreihe: OECD Economics Department working papers ; no. 1580
    Schlagworte: Economics; Italy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen