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  1. An economic model of health-vs-wealth prioritization during COVID-19
    optimal lockdown, network centrality, and segregation
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Tchuente, Guy; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: November 2020
    Verlag:  National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: NIESR discussion paper ; no. 521 (23 November 2020)
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; health-vs-wealth prioritization; economic cost; fuzzy networks; network centrality; segregation; patient zero; optimally targeted lockdown policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 101 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Optimally targeting interventions in networks during a pandemic
    theory and evidence from the networks of nursing homes in the United States
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Tchuente, Guy; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study develops an economic model for a social planner who prioritizes health over short- term wealth accumulation during a pandemic. Agents are connected through a weighted undirected network of contacts, and the planner's objective is to... mehr

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    This study develops an economic model for a social planner who prioritizes health over short- term wealth accumulation during a pandemic. Agents are connected through a weighted undirected network of contacts, and the planner's objective is to determine the policy that contains the spread of infection below a tolerable incidence level, and that maximizes the present discounted value of real income, in that order of priority. The optimal unique policy depends both on the configuration of the contact network and the tolerable infection incidence. Comparative statics analyses are conducted: (i) they reveal the tradeoff between the economic cost of the pandemic and the infection incidence allowed; and (ii) they suggest a correlation between different measures of network centrality and individual lockdown probability with the correlation increasing with the tolerable infection incidence level. Using unique data on the networks of nursing and long-term homes in the U.S., we calibrate our model at the state level and estimate the tolerable COVID-19 infection incidence level. We find that laissez-faire (more tolerance to the virus spread) pandemic policy is associated with an increased number of deaths in nursing homes and higher state GDP growth. In terms of the death count, laissez-faire is more harmful to nursing homes than more peripheral in the networks, those located in deprived counties, and those who work for a profit. We also find that U.S. states with a Republican governor have a higher level of tolerable incidence, but policies tend to converge with high death count.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 957
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; health-vs-wealth prioritization; economic cost; weighted networks; networkcentrality; nursing homes; optimally targeted lockdown policy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Missions and heterogeneous social change
    evidence from border discontinuities in the Emirates of Nigeria
    Autor*in: Okoye, Dozie; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: October 20, 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    hdl: 10393/42830
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; # 2112E
    Schlagworte: Christian Missions; Restrictions; Education; Fertility; Wealth; Reversal of Fortunes; Heterogeneity; Emirates of Northern Nigeria; Indirect Rule; Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Timing matters
    prenatal climate shocks, sex ratio, and human Capital
    Autor*in: Fotue, Landry Kuate; Pongou, Roland; Rivers, Nicholas
    Erschienen: April 15, 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    hdl: 10393/42025
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; # 2102E
    Schlagworte: Climate Change; Timing of Prenatal Temperature Shocks; Impact Heterogeneity; Fetal Mortality; Sex Ratio; Infant Mortality; Human Capital; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Ancestral norms, legal origins, and female empowerment
    Autor*in: Brodeur, Abel; Mabeu, Marie Christelle; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: March 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10393/40301
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 2002E
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. An economic model of health-vs-wealth prioritization during Covid-19
    optimal lockdown, network centrality, and segregation
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Tchuente, Guy; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We address the problem of finding the optimal lockdown and reopening policy during a pandemic like COVID-19 for a social planner who prioritizes health over the economy. Agents are connected through a fuzzy network of contacts, and the planner's... mehr

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    We address the problem of finding the optimal lockdown and reopening policy during a pandemic like COVID-19 for a social planner who prioritizes health over the economy. Agents are connected through a fuzzy network of contacts, and the planner's objective is to determine the policy that contains the spread of infection below a tolerable incidence level, and that maximizes the present discounted value of real income, in that order of priority. We show theoretically that the planner's problem has a unique solution. The optimal policy depends both on the configuration of the contact network and the tolerated infection incidence. Using simulations, we apply these theoretical findings to: (i) quantify the trade-off between the economic cost of the pandemic and the infection incidence allowed by the social planner, and show how this trade-off depends on network configuration; (ii) understand the correlation between different measures of network centrality and individual lockdown probability, and derive implications for the optimal design of surveys on social distancing behavior and network structure; and (iii) analyze how segregation induces differential health and economic dynamics in minority and majority populations, also illustrating the crucial role of patient zero in these dynamics.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224259
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 667
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Identity during a pandemic
    COVID-19 and ethnic divisions in the United States
    Autor*in: Guzman, Jakina Debnam; Mabeu, Marie Christelle; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10393/41721
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; # 2101E
    Schlagworte: COVID-19; Ethnic Identity; Ethnic divisions; Racial segregation; Diversity with(out)divisions; Lockdown Policies; Mobility restrictions; Physical distancing; Mask Wearing; Pro-social Norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. An economic model of health-vs-wealth prioritization during COVID-19
    optimal lockdown, network centrality, and segregation
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Tchuente, Guy; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: December 2020
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    hdl: 10393/41601
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 2009E
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Fertility response to climate shocks
    Autor*in: Dessy, Sylvain Eloi; Marchetta, Francesca; Pongou, Roland; Tiberti, Luca
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Centre d'etudes et de recherches sur le developpement international, Clermont-Ferrand

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    Schriftenreihe: Études et documents / Centre d'etudes et de recherches sur le developpement international ; 2019, no 9 (February 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten)
  10. Did Partisan voters spoil the country?
    a randomized-thought experiment
    Autor*in: Barham, Victoria; Demeze-Jouatsa, Ghislain-Herman; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  Center for Mathematical Economics (IMW), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

    We study the effect of strategic and partisan voting on electoral outcomes, and on the relative popularity of the victor. Voters are randomly assigned to be partisan or strategic. When all voters are strategic in a plurality election, any equilibrium... mehr

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    We study the effect of strategic and partisan voting on electoral outcomes, and on the relative popularity of the victor. Voters are randomly assigned to be partisan or strategic. When all voters are strategic in a plurality election, any equilibrium manipulation of the outcome elects a popular leader. Voting populations with a large proportion of partisan voters are more at risk of electing an unpopular leader: in elections with three candidates, if only one-third of the population is partisan, then the winner of the election may be unpopular with two-thirds of voters. We derive exact bounds for the proportion of the population that benefits from manipulation of the election outcome by strategic voters, for arbitrary numbers of voters, candidates, partisans and strategic voters. The analysis also shows that the unpopularity of the election winner differs between partisan and strategic voters. When most voters are partisan, they may be the vast majority of those who gain from strategic voting.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227822
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Center for Mathematical Economics ; 626 (Oktober 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Climate shocks and teenage fertility
    Autor*in: Dessy, Sylvain Eloi; Marchetta, Francesca; Pongou, Roland; Tiberti, Luca
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    In communities highly dependent on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods, the common occurrence of climatic shocks can lower the marginal cost of a child and raise fertility. We test this hypothesis using longitudinal data from Madagascar.... mehr

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    In communities highly dependent on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods, the common occurrence of climatic shocks can lower the marginal cost of a child and raise fertility. We test this hypothesis using longitudinal data from Madagascar. Exploiting exogenous within-district year-to-year variation in rainfall deficits in combination with individual fixed effects, we find that drought occurring in the agricultural season increases the fertility of young women living in agricultural households. This effect is long-lasting, as it is not reversed within four years after the drought occurrence. Analyzing mechanisms, we find that drought does not affect common factors of high fertility such as marriage timing. It operates mainly through a reduction of female agricultural income. Indeed, agricultural drought reduces the number of hours worked by women in agriculture but not men. It has no effect on the fertility of young women living in non-agricultural households, or in non-agrarian communities. Moreover, it does not affect fertility if it occurs during the non-agricultural season. These findings validate the marginal cost hypothesis whereby drought, by reducing the value of women's agricultural labor, lowers the marginal cost of a child, thus raising fertility.

     
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    hdl: 10419/214837
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 490
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Profits, pandemics, and lockdown effectiveness in nursing home networks
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Sidie, Ghislain Junior; Tchuente, Guy; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    How do pandemics affect for-profit and not-for-profit organizations differently? To address this question, we analyze optimal lockdowns in a two-sector continuous-time individual-based mean-field epidemiological model. We uncover a unique solution... mehr

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    How do pandemics affect for-profit and not-for-profit organizations differently? To address this question, we analyze optimal lockdowns in a two-sector continuous-time individual-based mean-field epidemiological model. We uncover a unique solution that depends on network structure, lockdown effectiveness, and the planner's tolerable infection incidence. Using unique data on nursing home networks in the United States, we calibrate the model and jointly quantify state-level lockdown effectiveness and preference for enforcing stringent containment strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also empirically validate simulation results derived from the theoretical analyses. We find that for-profit nursing homes experience higher COVID-19 death rates than not-for-profit nursing homes. In addition, this differential health effect increases with lockdown effectiveness.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261322
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1131
    Schlagworte: Pandemics; Profits; Social networks; Lockdown effectiveness; Nursing Homes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Profits, pandemics, and lockdown effectiveness in nursing home networks
    Autor*in: Tchuente, Guy; Pongou, Roland; Sidie, Ghislain Junior; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: NIESR discussion paper ; no. 540 (15 September 2022)
    Schlagworte: Pandemics; Profits; Social networks; Lockdown effectiveness; Nursing Homes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Ancestral norms, legal origins, and female empowerment
    Autor*in: Brodeur, Abel; Mabeu, Marie Christelle; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: March 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A large literature documents persistent impacts of formal historical institutions. However, very little is known about how these institutions interact with ancestral traditions to determine long-term economic and social outcomes. This paper addresses... mehr

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    A large literature documents persistent impacts of formal historical institutions. However, very little is known about how these institutions interact with ancestral traditions to determine long-term economic and social outcomes. This paper addresses this question by studying the persistent effect of legal origins on female economic empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa, and how ancestral cultural norms of gender roles may attenuate or exacerbate this effect. Taking advantage of the arbitrary division of ancestral ethnic homelands across countries with different legal origins, we directly compare women among the same ethnic group living in civil law countries and common law countries. We find that, on average, women in common law countries are signicantly more educated, are more likely to work in the professional sector, and are less likely to marry at young age. However, these effects are either absent or significantly lower in settings where ancestral cultural norms do not promote women’s rights and empowerment. In particular, we find little effect in bride price societies, patrilocal societies, and societies where women were not involved in agriculture in the past. Our findings imply that to be optimal, the design of formal institutions should account for ancestral traditions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/216417
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13105
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Fertility after the drought
    theory and evidence from Madagascar
    Autor*in: Dessy, Sylvain Eloi; Marchetta, Francesca; Pongou, Roland; Tiberti, Luca
    Erschienen: February 2019
    Verlag:  Centre de recherche sur les risques les enjeux économiques et les politiques publiques, [Québec]

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    Schriftenreihe: [Cahier de recherche] / Centre de recherche sur les risques les enjeux économiques et les politiques publiques ; 2019, 01
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten)
  16. An index of unfairness
    Autor*in: Aguiar, Victor H.; Pongou, Roland; Serrano, Roberto; Tondji, Jean-Baptiste
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  [Brown University, Department of Economics], [Providence, RI]

    Aguiar et al. (2018) propose the Shapley distance as a measure of the extent to which output sharing among the stakeholders of an organization can be considered unfair. It measures the distance between an arbitrary pay profile and the Shapley pay... mehr

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    Aguiar et al. (2018) propose the Shapley distance as a measure of the extent to which output sharing among the stakeholders of an organization can be considered unfair. It measures the distance between an arbitrary pay profile and the Shapley pay profile under a given technology, the latter profile defining the fair distribution. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the Shapley distance, and show that it can be used to determine the outcome of an underlying bargaining process. We also present applications highlighting how favoritism in income distribution, egalitarianism, and taxation violate the different ideals of justice that define the Shapley value. The analysis has implications that can be tested using real-world data sets.

     
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    hdl: 10419/202601
    Schriftenreihe: [Working papers] / [Brown University, Department of Economics] ; [2018, 9]
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  17. A dynamic theory of fidelity networks with an application to the spread of HIV/AIDS
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Serrano, Roberto
    Erschienen: 2009
    Verlag:  Brown Univ., Dep. of Economics, Providence, RI

    We study the dynamic stability of fidelity networks, which are networks that form in a mating economy of agents of two types (say men and women), where each agent desires direct links with opposite type agents, while engaging in multiple partnerships... mehr

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    We study the dynamic stability of fidelity networks, which are networks that form in a mating economy of agents of two types (say men and women), where each agent desires direct links with opposite type agents, while engaging in multiple partnerships is considered an act of infidelity. Infidelity is punished more severely for women than for men. We consider two stochastic processes in which agents form and sever links over time based on the reward from doing so, but may also take non-beneficial actions with small probability. In the first process, an agent who invests more time in a relationship makes it stronger and harder to break by his/her partner; in the second, such an agent is perceived as weak. Under the first process, only egalitarian pairwise stable networks (in which all agents have the same number of partners) are visited in the long run, while under the second, only anti-egalitarian pairwise stable networks (in which all women are matched to a small number of men) are. Next, we apply these results to find that under the first process, HIV/AIDS is equally prevalent among men and women, while under the second, women bear a greater burden. The key message is that anti-female discrimination does not necessarily lead to higher HIV/AIDS prevalence among women in the short run, but it does in the long run. -- Fidelity networks ; anti-female discrimination ; stochastic stability ; HIV/AIDS ; union formation models

     
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    hdl: 10419/62652
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Brown University, Department of Economics ; 2009,02
    Schlagworte: Soziales Netzwerk; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; AIDS; Theorie
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (45 S.), graph. Darst.
  18. A dynamic theory of fidelity networks with an application to the spread of HIV/AIDS
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Serrano, Roberto
    Erschienen: 2009

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    Schriftenreihe: CEMFI working paper ; 0909
    Schlagworte: Soziales Netzwerk; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; AIDS; Theorie
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (42 S.), graph. Darst.
  19. Volume of trade and dynamic network formation in two-sided economies
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Serrano, Roberto
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Brown Univ., Dep. of Economics], [Providence, RI

    We study the long-run stability of trade networks in a two-sided economy of agents labelled men and women. Each agent desires relationships with the other type, but having multiple partners is costly. This cost-benefit trade-off results in each agent... mehr

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    We study the long-run stability of trade networks in a two-sided economy of agents labelled men and women. Each agent desires relationships with the other type, but having multiple partners is costly. This cost-benefit trade-off results in each agent having a single-peaked utility over the number of partners - the volume of trade - , the peak being greater for men than for women. We propose a stochastic matching process in which self-interested agents form and sever links over time. Links can be added or deleted, sometimes simultaneously by a single agent. While the unperturbed process yields each pairwise stable network as an absorbing state, stochastic stability in two perturbed processes provides a significant refinement, leading respectively to egalitarian and anti-egalitarian pairwise stable networks. This has implications for the concentration on each side of the market of a random information shock. The analysis captures stylized facts, related to market fragmentation, concentration and contagion asymmetry, in several two-sided economies.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/102618
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: June 2013
    Schriftenreihe: [Working papers / Brown University, Department of Economics ; 2013-6]
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (38 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. On the dispensability of new transportation technologies
    evidence from colonial railroads in Nigeria
    Autor*in: Okoye, Dozie; Pongou, Roland; Yokossi, Tite
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 1620E
    Schlagworte: Fogel’s Hypothesis; Colonial Investments; Railway; Africa; Development; Nigeria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten)
  21. On the dispensability of new transportation technologies
    evidence from the heterogeneous impact of railroads in Nigeria
    Autor*in: Okoye, Dozie; Pongou, Roland; Yokossi, Tite
    Erschienen: February 2017
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 1703E
    Schlagworte: Impact Heterogeneity; Colonial Investments; Railway; Africa; Long-run Effects,Development; Nigeria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Underage brides and grooms' education
    Autor*in: Dessy, Sylvain Eloi; Diarra, Setou; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: February 2017
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 1704E
    Schlagworte: Underage Marriage; Male Education; Nigeria; Patriarchal Norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Ethnic inequality
    theory and evidence from formal education in Nigeria
    Autor*in: Dev, Pritha; Mberu, Blessing Uchenna; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: December 2016
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 1513E
    Schlagworte: Ethnische Gruppe; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsinvestition; Kohortenanalyse; Nigeria
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Volume of trade and dynamic network formation in two-sided economies
    Autor*in: Pongou, Roland; Serrano, Roberto
    Erschienen: January 2016
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; 1602E
    Schlagworte: Two-sided economies; trade networks; pairwise stability; stochastic stability; herd behavior,fragmentation; concentration; contagion asymmetry
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. The interplay between colonial history and postcolonial institutions
    evidence from Cameroon
    Autor*in: Mabeu, Marie Christelle; Pongou, Roland
    Erschienen: October 21, 2021
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa

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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10393/42829
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa ; # 2111E
    Schlagworte: Colonial history; Postcolonial institutions; Cameroon; British Southern Cameroons; FrenchCameroons; République du Cameroun; Reunification; Federalism; Centralization
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen