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  1. How resilient is mortgage credit supply?
    evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 21, 20 (May 2021)
    Schlagworte: mortgage; credit; financial intermediation; fintech; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. How resilient is mortgage credit supply?
    evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Erschienen: July 12, 2021
    Verlag:  Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.

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    Schriftenreihe: Finance and economics discussion series ; 2021, 048
    Schlagworte: mortgage; credit; financial intermediation; fintech; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. How resilient is mortgage credit supply?
    evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston

    We study the evolution of US mortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the... mehr

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    We study the evolution of US mortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the pass-through of low rates to borrowers. Markups typically rise during periods of peak demand, but this historical relationship explains only part of the large increase during the pandemic. We present evidence that pandemic-related labor market frictions and operational bottlenecks contributed to unusually inelastic credit supply, and that technology-based lenders, likely less constrained by these frictions, gained market share. Rising forbearance and default risk did not significantly affect rates on "plain-vanilla" conforming mortgages, but it did lead to higher spreads on mortgages without government guarantees and loans to the riskiest borrowers. Mortgagebacked securities purchases by the Federal Reserve also supported the flow of credit in the conforming segment.

     

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    hdl: 10419/238086
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: May 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; no. 21, 4
    Schlagworte: mortgage; credit; financial intermediation; fintech; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. How Resilient Is Mortgage Credit Supply? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We study the evolution of US mortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    We study the evolution of US mortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the pass-through of low rates to borrowers. Markups typically rise during periods of peak demand, but this historical relationship explains only part of the large increase during the pandemic. We present evidence that pandemic-related labor market frictions and operational bottlenecks contributed to unusually inelastic credit supply, and that technology-based lenders, likely less constrained by these frictions, gained market share. Rising forbearance and default risk did not significantly affect rates on "plain vanilla" conforming mortgages, but it did lead to higher spreads on mortgages without government guarantees and loans to the riskiest borrowers. Mortgage-backed securities purchases by the Federal Reserve also supported the flow of credit in the conforming segment

     

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w28843
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Epidemie; Hypothek; Immobilienfinanzierung; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  5. How resilient is mortgage credit supply?
    evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Swiss Finance Institute, Geneva

    We study the evolution of US mortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the... mehr

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    VS 544
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    We study the evolution of US mortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the pass-through of low rates to borrowers. Markups typically rise during periods of peak demand, but this historical relationship explains only part of the large increase during the pandemic. We present evidence that pandemic-related labor market frictions and operational bottlenecks contributed to unusually inelastic credit supply, and that technology-based lenders, likely less constrained by these frictions, gained market share. Rising forbearance and default risk did not significantly affect rates on “plain vanilla” conforming mortgages, but it did lead to higher spreads on mortgages without government guarantees and loans to the riskiest borrowers. Mortgage-backed securities purchases by the Federal Reserve also supported the flow of credit in the conforming segment

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Research paper series / Swiss Finance Institute ; no 21, 41
    Schlagworte: mortgage; credit; financial intermediation; fintech; COVID-19
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Can everyone tap into the housing piggy bank?
    racial disparities in access to home equity
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

    An oft-touted benefit of homeownership is the ability to build and access equity, and in recent years the amount of "tappable" home equity held by US homeowners has reached historic levels. But more than one-quarter of recent applications for... mehr

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    An oft-touted benefit of homeownership is the ability to build and access equity, and in recent years the amount of "tappable" home equity held by US homeowners has reached historic levels. But more than one-quarter of recent applications for mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW) loan products were denied. Black and Hispanic homeowners' applications were denied at even higher rates: 44 percent and 32 percent, respectively. These racial disparities in denials are larger than those associated with purchase and rate/term refinance mortgage applications. Controlling for loan and borrower characteristics commonly used in the underwriting process significantly reduces the MEW disparities, with the Black-White denial rate gap falling by approximately 83 percent, and the Hispanic-White gap falling by 73 percent. In other words, seemingly race-neutral underwriting criteria in the MEW product space explain large differences in the extent to which minority homeowners can access their home equity.

     

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    hdl: 10419/279454
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2022, 17 (November 2022)
    Schlagworte: housing wealth; mortgage; home equity; racial disparities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Institutional investors and the U.S. housing recovery
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

    We study the house price recovery in the U.S. single-family residential housing market since the outbreak of the mortgage crisis, which, in contrast to the preceding housing boom, was not accompanied by a rise in homeownership rates. Using... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    We study the house price recovery in the U.S. single-family residential housing market since the outbreak of the mortgage crisis, which, in contrast to the preceding housing boom, was not accompanied by a rise in homeownership rates. Using comprehensive property-level transaction data, we show that this phenomenon is largely explained by the emergence of institutional investors. By exploiting heterogeneity in a county's exposure to local lending conditions and to government programs that affected investors' access to residential properties, we estimate that the increasing presence of institutions in the housing market explains over half of the increase in real house price appreciation rates between 2006 and 2014. We further demonstrate that institutional investors contribute to the improvement of the local housing market by reducing vacancy rates as they shorten the amount of time distressed properties stay in REO. Additionally, institutional investors help lower local unemployment rates by increasing local construction employment. However, institutional investors are responsible for most of the declines in the homeownership rates

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 19, 45 (November 2019)
    FRB of Philadelphia Working Paper ; No. 19-45
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Fintech lending and mortgage credit access
    Erschienen: November 2019
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 19, 47 (November 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Appraising home purchase appraisals
    Erschienen: July 2017
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; no. 17, 23
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Can everyone tap into the housing piggy bank?
    racial disparities in access to home equity
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 23, 25 (November 2023)
    Schlagworte: housing wealth; mortgage; home equity; racial disparities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Appraising home purchase appraisals
    Erschienen: December 2018
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

    Home appraisals are produced for millions of residential mortgage transactions each year, but appraised values are rarely below the purchase contract price: Some 30% of appraisals in our sample are exactly at the home price (with less than 10% of... mehr

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Home appraisals are produced for millions of residential mortgage transactions each year, but appraised values are rarely below the purchase contract price: Some 30% of appraisals in our sample are exactly at the home price (with less than 10% of them below it). We lay out a basic theoretical framework to explain how appraisers’ incentives within the institutional framework that governs mortgage lending lead to information loss in appraisals (that is, appraisals set equal to the contract price). Consistent with the theory, we observe a higher frequency of appraisal equal to contract price and a higher incidence of mortgage default at loan-to-value boundaries (notches) above which mortgage insurance rates increase. Appraisals appear to be less informative for default risk measurement compared with automated valuation models

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 18, 28 (December 2018)
    FRB of Philadelphia Working Paper ; No. 18-28
    Schlagworte: information; mortgage; regulation; appraisal; mortgage default; foreclosure
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Leaving households behind
    institutional investors and the U.S. housing recovery
    Erschienen: January 2019
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

    Ten years after the mortgage crisis, the U.S. housing market has rebounded significantly with house prices now near the peak achieved during the boom. Homeownership rates, on the other hand, have continued to decline. We reconcile the two phenomena... mehr

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    Ten years after the mortgage crisis, the U.S. housing market has rebounded significantly with house prices now near the peak achieved during the boom. Homeownership rates, on the other hand, have continued to decline. We reconcile the two phenomena by documenting the rising presence of institutional investors in this market. Our analysis makes use of housing transaction data. By exploiting heterogeneity in zip codes' exposure to the First Look program instituted by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that affected investors' access to foreclosed properties, we establish the causal relationship between the increasing presence of institutions in the housing market and the subsequent recovery in house prices and decline in homeownership rates between 2007 and 2014. We further demonstrate that institutional investors contributed to the improvement in the local labor market by reducing overall unemployment rate and by increasing total employment, construction employment in particular. Local housing rents also rose

     

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; 19, 01 (January 2019)
    FRB of Philadelphia Working Paper ; No. 19-1
    Schlagworte: Institutional investor; House Price; Homeownership; Foreclosure; Mortgage Crisis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Do borrower rights improve borrower outcomes?
    evidence from the foreclosure process
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Mass.

    The authors evaluate laws designed to protect borrowers from foreclosure. They find that these laws delay but do not prevent foreclosures. They first compare states that require lenders to seek judicial permission to foreclose with states that do... mehr

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    The authors evaluate laws designed to protect borrowers from foreclosure. They find that these laws delay but do not prevent foreclosures. They first compare states that require lenders to seek judicial permission to foreclose with states that do not. Borrowers in judicial states are no more likely to cure and no more likely to renegotiate their loans, but the delays lead to a buildup in these states of persistently delinquent borrowers, the vast majority of whom eventually lose their homes. They next analyze a "right-to-cure" law instituted in Massachusetts on May 1, 2008. Using a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the effect of the policy, they compare Massachusetts with neighboring states that did not adopt similar laws. They find that the right-to-cure law lengthens the foreclosure timeline but does not lead to better outcomes for borrowers. -- foreclosure ; mortgage ; judicial ; power of sale ; right to cure

     

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    hdl: 10419/59221
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: December 7, 2011
    Schriftenreihe: Public policy discussion papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; 11-9
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 34 S., 423,22 KB), graph. Darst.
  14. Do borrower rights improve borrower outcomes?
    evidence from the foreclosure process
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 17666
    Schlagworte: Finanzmarkt; Kapitalmarktrecht; Kreditgeschäft; Gläubigerschutz; Zwangsvollstreckung; USA
    Umfang: 34, [13] S., graph. Darst.
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  15. The role of proximity in foreclosure externalities
    evidence from condominiums
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Mass.

    We explore several different explanations of the effect of foreclosures on neighboring properties using a dataset of transactions in Boston, for which we have rich data on the size and location of condominium associations. There is compelling... mehr

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    We explore several different explanations of the effect of foreclosures on neighboring properties using a dataset of transactions in Boston, for which we have rich data on the size and location of condominium associations. There is compelling evidence against a supply effect-nearby condo foreclosures in different associations, and even those within the same association but at different physical addresses, have little impact on condo sale prices. However, condos transact at average discounts of 2.4 percent when a foreclosure shares the same physical address. We view the results as indicating that investment externalities drive foreclosures' impacts on neighboring house prices.

     

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    hdl: 10419/99116
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Version of: April 8, 2013
    Schriftenreihe: Public policy discussion papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; 13-2
    Schlagworte: Zwangsvollstreckung; Wohneigentum; Immobilienpreis; Private Verschuldung; Nachbarschaft; Externer Effekt; Boston (Mass.)
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (27 S.), Kt.
  16. A profile of the mortgage crisis in a low-and-moderate-income community
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Mass.

    This paper assesses the impact of the mortgage crisis on Chelsea, Massachusetts, a low-and moderate income community of 35,000 adjacent to Boston. After years of rapid growth, house prices started falling in 2005. According to our repeat-sales... mehr

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    This paper assesses the impact of the mortgage crisis on Chelsea, Massachusetts, a low-and moderate income community of 35,000 adjacent to Boston. After years of rapid growth, house prices started falling in 2005. According to our repeat-sales indices, by the end of 2009 prices had fallen by as much as 50 percent from their peak. Foreclosures have soared and lenders have repossessed or allowed short sales on more than 330 homes, resulting in a forced exit of at least one in 30 of the town's households. A large fraction of the foreclosed properties were twoor three-family homes, so the number of households affected by the crisis undoubtedly extends beyond the number of foreclosures. But there is some positive news. After a slow start, servicers appear to have become far more efficient at selling foreclosed properties, so the stock of real estate owned properties has been falling since 2008. For the most part, homeowners who bought prior to the peak of the boom have so far avoided selling in the moribund market and thus are poised to gain if and when the market recovers. In addition, the crisis has not prevented homeowners from maintaining and improving their properties: both the number and the dollar value of building permits have held up well even for those homeowners who have bought recently and likely have negative equity in their homes.

     

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    hdl: 10419/59233
    Schriftenreihe: Public policy discussion papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; 10,6
    Schlagworte: Finanzkrise; Subprime-Krise; Immobilienmarkt; Zwangsvollstreckung; Wirtschaftsförderung; USA
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (19 S.), graph. Darst.
  17. Do borrower rights improve borrower outcomes?
    evidence from the foreclosure process
    Erschienen: 2012
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga.

    We evaluate the effects of laws designed to protect borrowers from foreclosure. We find that these laws delay but do not prevent foreclosures. We first compare states that require lenders to seek judicial permission to foreclose with states that do... mehr

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    DS 253 (2011,16a)
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    We evaluate the effects of laws designed to protect borrowers from foreclosure. We find that these laws delay but do not prevent foreclosures. We first compare states that require lenders to seek judicial permission to foreclose with states that do not. Borrowers in judicial states are no more likely to cure and no more likely to renegotiate their loans, but the delays lead to a build-up in these states of persistently delinquent borrowers, the vast majority of whom eventually lose their homes. We next analyze a “right-to-cure” law instituted in Massachusetts on May 1, 2008. Using a difference-indifferences approach to evaluate the effect of the policy, we compare Massachusetts with neighboring states that did not adopt similar laws. We find that the right-to-cure law lengthens the foreclosure timeline but does not lead to better outcomes for borrowers. -- foreclosure ; mortgage ; judicial ; power of sale ; right to cure

     

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    hdl: 10419/70666
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Rev.
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta ; 2011-16a
    Schlagworte: Finanzmarkt; Kapitalmarktrecht; Kreditgeschäft; Gläubigerschutz; Zwangsvollstreckung; USA
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (29 S.), graph. Darst.
  18. The role of proximity in foreclosure externalities
    evidence from condominiums

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 20080
    Schlagworte: Zwangsvollstreckung; Wohneigentum; Immobilienpreis; Private Verschuldung; Nachbarschaft; Externer Effekt; Boston (Mass.)
    Umfang: 34 S., Kt.
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  19. Formation losses in home purchase appraisals
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Research Dep., Philadelphia, Pa.

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Research Department ; 15,11
    Schlagworte: Information; Mortgage; Regulation; Appraisal
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (35 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. A cost-benefit analysis of judicial foreclosure delay and a preliminary look at new mortgage servicing rules
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Research Dep., Philadelphia, Pa.

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Research Department ; 15,14
    Schlagworte: Mortgage; foreclosure; regulation
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (33 S.), graph. Darst., Kt.
  21. Stuck in subprime?
    examining the barriers to refinancing mortgage debt
    Erschienen: November 2017
    Verlag:  Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ; no. 17, 39
    Schlagworte: mortgage refinancing; subprime; household finance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. When does delinquency result in neglect?
    mortgage distress and property maintenance
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Mass.

    Studies of foreclosure externalities have overwhelmingly focused on the impact of forced sales on the value of nearby properties, typically finding modest evidence of foreclosure spillovers. However, many quality-of-life issues posed by foreclosures... mehr

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    Studies of foreclosure externalities have overwhelmingly focused on the impact of forced sales on the value of nearby properties, typically finding modest evidence of foreclosure spillovers. However, many quality-of-life issues posed by foreclosures may not be reflected in nearby sale prices. This paper uses new data from Boston on constituent complaints and requests for public services made to City government departments, matched with loan-level data, to examine the timing of foreclosure externalities. I find evidence that property conditions suffer most while homes are bank owned, although reduced maintenance is also common earlier in the foreclosure process. Since short sales prevent bank ownership, they should result in fewer neighborhood disamenities than foreclosures.

     

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    hdl: 10419/99125
    Auflage/Ausgabe: Version of: March 15, 2013
    Schriftenreihe: Public policy discussion papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Boston ; 13-1
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (51 S.), graph. Darst.
  23. Agency and incentives
    vertical integration in the mortgage foreclosure ndustry
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Research Dep., Philadelphia, Pa.

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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Research Department ; 15,38
    Schlagworte: Vertical integration; Mortgage foreclosure
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (26 S.), graph. Darst.