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  1. Dynamic complementarity in skill production
    evidence from genetic endowments and birth order
    Autor*in: Muslimova, Dilnoza; Van Kippersluis, Hans; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Meddens, S. Fleur W.
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    The birth order literature emphasizes the role of parental investments in explaining why firstborns have higher human capital outcomes than their laterborn siblings. We use birth order as a proxy for investments and interact it with genetic... mehr

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    The birth order literature emphasizes the role of parental investments in explaining why firstborns have higher human capital outcomes than their laterborn siblings. We use birth order as a proxy for investments and interact it with genetic endowments. Exploiting only within-family variation in both ensures they are exogenous as well as orthogonal to each other. As such, our setting is informative about the existence of dynamic complementarity in skill production. Our empirical analysis exploits data from 15,019 full siblings in the UK Biobank. We adopt a family-fixed effects strategy combined with instrumental variables to deal with endogeneity issues arising from omitted variables and measurement error. We find that birth order and genetic endowments interact: those with above-average genetic endowments benefit disproportionally more from being firstborn compared to those with below-average genetic endowments. This finding is a clean example of how genetic endowments ('nature') and the environment ('nurture') interact in producing educational attainment. Moreover, our results are consistent with the existence of dynamic complementarity in skill formation: additional parental investments associated with being firstborn are more 'effective' for those siblings who randomly inherited higher genetic endowments for educational attainment.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2020, 082
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Mental health around pregnancy and child development from early childhood to adolescence
    Autor*in: Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Rice, Nigel; Tominey, Emma
    Erschienen: August 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We identify the causal effect of mothers' mental health during early - and soon after pregnancy on a range of child psychological, socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes measured between ages 4-16. Results suggest a negative effect on children's... mehr

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    We identify the causal effect of mothers' mental health during early - and soon after pregnancy on a range of child psychological, socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes measured between ages 4-16. Results suggest a negative effect on children's psychological and socio-emotional skills in early childhood, but these effects fade-out between the ages of 11-13. We find no significant effect on cognitive outcomes. The fade-out of effects may be partly explained by compensatory behaviour of parents, as we find that mental health during or soon after pregnancy raises breastfeeding and improves measures of interaction between mother and child.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207370
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12544
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Information shocks and provider responsiveness
    evidence from interventional cardiology
    Autor*in: Avdic, Daniel; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Lagerqvist, Bo; Propper, Carol; Vikström, Johan
    Erschienen: 27 March 2019
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP13627
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The long-term effects of early life pollution exposure
    evidence from the London smog
    Autor*in: Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Sørensen, Emil
    Erschienen: 18 February 2022
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 757 (22)
    Schlagworte: London fog; Developmental origins; Heterogeneity; Social science genetics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The economics and econometrics of gene-environment interplay
    Autor*in: Biroli, Pietro; Galama, Titus; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Van Kippersluis, Hans; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Thom, Kevin
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Economists and social scientists have debated the relative importance of nature (one's genes) and nurture (one's environment) for decades, if not centuries. This debate can now be informed by the ready availability of genetic data in a growing number... mehr

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    Economists and social scientists have debated the relative importance of nature (one's genes) and nurture (one's environment) for decades, if not centuries. This debate can now be informed by the ready availability of genetic data in a growing number of social science datasets. This paper explores the potential uses of genetic data in economics, with a focus on estimating the interplay between nature (genes) and nurture (environment). We discuss how economists can benefit from incorporating genetic data into their analyses even when they do not have a direct interest in estimating genetic effects. We argue that gene-environment (G × E) studies can be instrumental for (i) testing economic theory, (ii) uncovering economic or behavioral mechanisms, and (iii) analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity, thereby improving the understanding of how (policy) interventions affect population subgroups. We introduce the reader to essential genetic terminology, develop a conceptual economic model to interpret gene-environment interplay, and provide practical guidance to empirical researchers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263939
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; TI 2022, 019
    Schlagworte: Gene-by-Environment Interplay; Polygenic Indices; Social Science Genetics ALSPAC
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Economics and econometrics of gene-environment interplay
    Autor*in: Biroli, Pietro; Galama, Titus; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Van Kippersluis, Hans; Rietveld, Cornelius A.; Thom, Kevin
    Erschienen: 25 February 2022
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 759 (22)
    Schlagworte: Gene-by-Environment Interplay; Polygenic Indices; Social Science Genetics ALSPAC
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Education, dietary intakes and exercise
    Autor*in: Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 23 June 2021
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 748 (21)
    Schlagworte: Schulbesuch; Bildungsreform; Ernährungsverhalten; Freizeitverhalten; Gesundheit; Großbritannien; Compulsory schooling; Offsetting responses; Nutritional choices; Physical activity; Instrumental Variables
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Extending alcohol retailers' opening hours
    evidence from Sweden
    Autor*in: Avdic, Daniel; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 18 June 2021
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 749 (21)
    Schlagworte: alcohol policy; alcohol availability; health effects; crime
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Beyond barker
    infant mortality at birth and ischaemic heart disease in older age
    Autor*in: Baker, Samuel; Biroli, Pietro; Van Kippersluis, Hans; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 29 April 2022
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 765 (22)
    Schlagworte: Barker hypothesis; Developmental origins; Gene-environment interplay
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Prenatal sugar consumption and latelife human capital and health
    analyses based on postwar rationing and polygenic scores
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Wang, R. Adele H.
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Maternal sugar consumption in utero may have a variety of effects on offspring. We exploit the abolishment of the rationing of sweet confectionery in the UK on April 24, 1949, and its subsequent reintroduction some months later, in an era of... mehr

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    Maternal sugar consumption in utero may have a variety of effects on offspring. We exploit the abolishment of the rationing of sweet confectionery in the UK on April 24, 1949, and its subsequent reintroduction some months later, in an era of otherwise uninterrupted rationing of confectionery (1942-1953), sugar (1940-1953) and many other foods, and we consider effects on late-life cardiovascular disease, BMI, height, type-2 diabetes and the intake of sugar, fat and carbohydrates, as well as cognitive outcomes and birth weight. We use individual-level data from the UK Biobank for cohorts born between April 1947-May 1952. We also explore whether one's genetic predisposition to the outcome can moderate the effects of prenatal sugar exposure. We find that prenatal exposure to derationing increases education and reduces BMI and sugar consumption at higher ages, in line with the "developmental origins" explanatory framework, and that the sugar effects are stronger for those who are genetically predisposed to sugar consumption.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265765
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15544
    Schlagworte: nutrition; food consumption; gene-environment interplay; education; developmental origins
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Prenatal sugar consumption and late-life human capital and health
    analyses based on postwar rationing and polygenic scores
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Wang, R. Adele H.
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    Maternal sugar consumption in utero may have a variety of effects on offspring. We exploit the abolishment of the rationing of sweet confectionery in the UK on April 24, 1949, and its subsequent reintroduction some months later, in an era of... mehr

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    Maternal sugar consumption in utero may have a variety of effects on offspring. We exploit the abolishment of the rationing of sweet confectionery in the UK on April 24, 1949, and its subsequent reintroduction some months later, in an era of otherwise uninterrupted rationing of confectionery (1942-1953), sugar (1940-1953) and many other foods, and we consider effects on late-life cardiovascular disease, BMI, height, type-2 diabetes and the intake of sugar, fat and carbohydrates, as well as cognitive outcomes and birth weight. We use individual-level data from the UK Biobank for cohorts born between April 1947–May 1952. We also explore whether one’s genetic predisposition to the outcome can moderate the effects of prenatal sugar exposure. We find that prenatal exposure to derationing increases education and reduces BMI and sugar consumption at higher ages, in line with the “developmental origins” explanatory framework, and that the sugar effects are stronger for those who are genetically predisposed to sugar consumption.

     
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    hdl: 10419/284208
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 38
    Schlagworte: Nutrition; food consumption; gene-environment interplay; education; developmental origins
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Beyond Barker
    infant mortality at birth and ischaemic heart disease in older age
    Autor*in: Baker, Samuel; Biroli, Pietro; Van Kippersluis, Hans; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: May 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Adverse conditions in early life can have consequential impacts on individuals' health in older age. In one of the first papers on this topic, Barker and Osmond (1986) show a strong positive relationship between infant mortality rates in the 1920s... mehr

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    Adverse conditions in early life can have consequential impacts on individuals' health in older age. In one of the first papers on this topic, Barker and Osmond (1986) show a strong positive relationship between infant mortality rates in the 1920s and ischaemic heart disease in the 1970s. We go 'beyond Barker', first by showing that this relationship is robust to the inclusion of local geographic area fixed effects, but not family fixed effects. Second, we explore whether the average effects conceal underlying heterogeneity: we examine if the infant mortality effect offsets or reinforces one's genetic predisposition for heart disease. We find considerable heterogeneity that is robust to within-area as well as within-family analyses. Our findings show that the effects of one's early life environments mainly affect individuals with the highest genetic risk for developing heart disease. Put differently, in areas with the lowest infant mortality rates, the effect of one's genetic predisposition effectively vanishes. These findings suggests that advantageous environments can cushion one's genetic risk of developing heart disease.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263507
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15291
    Schlagworte: Barker hypothesis; developmental origins; gene-environment interplay
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Prenatal sugar consumption and late-life human capital and health
    analyses based on postwar rationing and polygenic indices
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Wang, R. Adele H.
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    Maternal sugar consumption in utero may have a variety of effects on offspring. We exploit the abolishment of the rationing of sweet confectionery in the UK on April 24, 1949, and its subsequent reintroduction some months later, in an era of... mehr

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    Maternal sugar consumption in utero may have a variety of effects on offspring. We exploit the abolishment of the rationing of sweet confectionery in the UK on April 24, 1949, and its subsequent reintroduction some months later, in an era of otherwise uninterrupted rationing of confectionery (1942-1953), sugar (1940-1953) and many other foods, and we consider effects on late-life cardiovascular disease, BMI, height, type-2 diabetes and the intake of sugar, fat and carbohydrates, as well as cognitive outcomes and birth weight. We use individual-level data from the UK Biobank for cohorts born between April 1947-May 1952. We also explore whether one's genetic "predisposition" to the outcome can moderate the effects of prenatal sugar exposure. We find t hat p renatal e xposure t o d erationing increases education and reduces BMI and sugar consumption at higher ages, in line with the "developmental origins" explanatory framework, and that the sugar effects are stronger for those who are genetically "predisposed" to sugar consumption.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2023, 5
    Schlagworte: Nutrition; food consumption; gene-environment interplay; education; developmental origins
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Early life exposure to measles and later-life outcomes
    evidence from the introduction of a vaccine
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Vitt, Nicolai
    Erschienen: 18 January 2023
    Verlag:  School of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / [School of Economics, University of Bristol] ; 776 (23)
    Schlagworte: Virus; vaccination campaign; early childhood; education; health; social science genetics
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Protecting calorie intakes against income shocks
    Autor*in: Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Leckie, George
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  University of Bristol, Department of Economics, Bristol, United Kingdom

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / University of Bristol, Department of Economics ; 17, 684 (30 June 2017)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  16. Mortality and the business cycle
    evidence from individual and aggregated data
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Gerdtham, Ulf-G.; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Lindeboom, Maarten; Lissdaniels, Johannes; Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina
    Erschienen: December 29, 2017
    Verlag:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    There has been much interest recently in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality, with some studies showing that mortality is pro-cyclical, while others find the opposite. Some suggest that the aggregation level of analysis (e.g.... mehr

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    There has been much interest recently in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality, with some studies showing that mortality is pro-cyclical, while others find the opposite. Some suggest that the aggregation level of analysis (e.g. individual vs. regional) matters. We use both individual and aggregated data on a sample of 20-64 year-old Swedish men from 1993 to 2007. Our results show that the association between the business cycle and mortality does not depend on the level of analysis: the sign and magnitude of the parameter estimates are similar at the individual level and the aggregate (county) level; both showing pro-cyclical mortality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/201438
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2017, 28
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The demand for cigarettes as derived from the demand for weight control
    Autor*in: Cawley, John H.; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 2013

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 18805
    Schlagworte: Rauchen; Körpergewicht; Jugendliche; USA
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  18. The demand for cigarettes as derived from the demand for weight control
    Autor*in: Cawley, John H.; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    We provide new evidence on the extent to which the demand for cigarettes is derived from the demand for weight control (i.e. weight loss or avoidance of weight gain). We utilize nationally representative data that provide the most direct evidence to... mehr

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    We provide new evidence on the extent to which the demand for cigarettes is derived from the demand for weight control (i.e. weight loss or avoidance of weight gain). We utilize nationally representative data that provide the most direct evidence to date on this question: individuals are directly asked whether they smoke to control their weight. We find that, among teenagers who smoke frequently, 46% of girls and 30% of boys are smoking in part to control their weight. This practice is significantly more common among youths who describe themselves as too fat than those who describe themselves as about the right weight. The derived demand for cigarettes has important implications for tax policy. Under reasonable assumptions, the demand for cigarettes is less price elastic among those who smoke for weight control. Thus, taxes on cigarettes will result in less behavior change (but more revenue collection and less deadweight loss) among those for whom the demand for cigarettes is a derived demand. Public health efforts to reduce smoking initiation and encourage cessation may wish to design campaigns to alter the derived nature of cigarette demand, especially among adolescent girls. -- smoking ; cigarettes ; obesity ; BMI ; weight ; derived demand ; price elasticity

     
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    hdl: 10419/71748
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 7213
    Schlagworte: Rauchen; Körpergewicht; Jugendliche; USA
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  19. School meal crowd out in the 1980s
    Autor*in: Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 2011
    Verlag:  CMPO, Bristol

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    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Centre for Market and Public Organisation ; 11,261
    Schlagworte: Ernährungsverhalten; Familie; Schule; Gemeinschaftsverpflegung; Körpergewicht; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 31 S., graph. Darst.
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  20. Getting a healthy start?
    nudge versus economic incentives
    Autor*in: Griffith, Rachel; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Smith, Sarah
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  CMPO, Bristol

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / CMPO ; 14/328
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitspolitik; Anreiz; Ernährungsverhalten; Obst; Gemüse; Wirkungsanalyse; Großbritannien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (43 S.)
  21. The London bombings and racial prejudice
    evidence from housing and labour markets
    Autor*in: Ratcliffe, Anita; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  Univ. of Sheffield, Dep. of Economics, Sheffield

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 202 (2013,13)
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Sheffield economic research paper series ; 2013013
    Schlagworte: terrorism; racial prejudice; difference-in-differences
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (25 S.), graph. Darst.
  22. Getting a healthy start?
    nudge versus economic incentives
    Autor*in: Griffith, Rachel; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Smith, Sarah
    Erschienen: 2014
    Verlag:  CMPO, Bristol

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    W 1696 (2014,328)
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
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    Schriftenreihe: Working papers / Centre for Market and Public Organisation ; 14,328
    Schlagworte: Gesundheitspolitik; Anreiz; Ernährungsverhalten; Obst; Gemüse; Wirkungsanalyse; Großbritannien
    Umfang: 42 S., graph. Darst.
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    Parallel als Online-Ausg. erschienen
  23. Mortality and the business cycle
    evidence from individual and aggregated data
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Gerdtham, Ulf-G.; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Lindeboom, Maarten; Lissdaniels, Johannes; Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina
    Erschienen: May 2017
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    There has been much interest recently in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality, with some studies showing that mortality is pro-cyclical whereas others find the opposite. Some suggest that the aggregation level of analysis (e.g.... mehr

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    There has been much interest recently in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality, with some studies showing that mortality is pro-cyclical whereas others find the opposite. Some suggest that the aggregation level of analysis (e.g. individual vs. regional) matters. We use both individual and aggregated data on a sample of 20-64 year-old Swedish men from 1993 to 2007. Our results show that the association between the business cycle and mortality does not depend on the level of analysis: the sign and magnitude of the parameter estimates are similar at the individual level and the aggregate (county) level; both showing pro-cyclical mortality.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/170793
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 10809
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Mortality and the business cycle
    evidence from individual and aggregated data
    Autor*in: Berg, Gerard J. van den; Gerdtham, Ulf-G.; Hinke Kessler Scholder, Stephanie von; Lindeboom, Maarten; Lissdaniels, Johannes; Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina
    Erschienen: March 2017
    Verlag:  Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Lund

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260214
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics, Lund University ; 2017, 5
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen