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  1. Monopoly capitalism in the digital era
    Autor*in: Coveri, Andrea; Cozza, Claudio; Guarascio, Dario
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    The paper applies the radical view of Monopoly Capitalism to the digital platform economy. Based on the seminal ideas of Hymer and Zeitlin that led Cowling and Sugden to define the large monopolistic firm as a means to plan production from a unique... mehr

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    The paper applies the radical view of Monopoly Capitalism to the digital platform economy. Based on the seminal ideas of Hymer and Zeitlin that led Cowling and Sugden to define the large monopolistic firm as a means to plan production from a unique centre of strategic decision-making, we attempt to develop a framework where digital platforms are conceived as an evolution of large transnational corporations. Power and control in our Monopoly Capitalism view are then meant not only in terms of market relations, but rather as levers for coordinating global production and influencing world societies. Applying this framework to the Amazon case, we highlight the key analytical dimensions to be considered: not only Amazon dominates other firms and suppliers through its diversification and a direct control of data and technology; its power is also linked to global labour fragmentation and uneven bargaining power vis-à-vis world governments, as in the Hymer and Cowling's tradition.

     
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    hdl: 10419/247302
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: September 2021
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 33 (October 2021)
    Schlagworte: Monopoly Capital; Monopoly Power; Digital Platforms; Amazon; Multinational corporation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. In times of trouble
    innovative drivers of external competitiveness for small businesses during the Great Recession
    Autor*in: Brancati, Emanuele; Brancati, Raffaele; Guarascio, Dario; Zanfei, Antonello
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper analyzes the main drivers of external competitiveness in times of crisis for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We focus on the Italian experience in the midst of the financial and sovereign-debt crisis, and present robust evidence based... mehr

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    This paper analyzes the main drivers of external competitiveness in times of crisis for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We focus on the Italian experience in the midst of the financial and sovereign-debt crisis, and present robust evidence based on a comprehensive survey of Italian companies in the manufacturing and production service sectors (the MET dataset). Overall, our results confirm the high degree of heterogeneity of the Italian system and the differences between internationalized and domestic companies in terms of performance as well as structural and behavioral dimensions. In particular, data highlight not only the strict correlation between internationalization and innovative activities but also a positive change of attitude of Italian firms towards these strategies. Our analysis shows that, whilst structural factors play a key role for external competitiveness, other critical firm-level aspects trigger superior performances, especially strategic profiles, technological capabilities, and proactive behaviors such as innovativeness and R&D investment. Importantly, we document disproportionate effects of innovation for smaller and less productive companies. This points at dynamic strategies as a potential tool to fill the gap between larger/more productive companies and the set of less structured firms, a segment representing an ideal target for policy measures.

     
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    hdl: 10419/223061
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 639
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The development of AI and its impact on business models, organization and work
    Autor*in: Fanti, Lucrezia; Guarascio, Dario; Moggi, Massimo
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This project explores the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on business models, market structure, organization and work. By adopting a history-friendly perspective, the present contribution traces a stylized history of the AI... mehr

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    This project explores the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on business models, market structure, organization and work. By adopting a history-friendly perspective, the present contribution traces a stylized history of the AI technological domain in order to highlight moments in time, places and sectoral domains that fostered its diffusion and transformative potential. Some descriptive analyses are also provided to investigate the diffusion of AI technologies and, at the same time, the underlying industrial and market dynamics.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243483
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 25 (September 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. A comparative national tasks database
    Autor*in: Fana, Marta; Cirillo, Valeria; Guarascio, Dario; Tubiana, Matteo
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  European Commission, Seville

    The present study offers an original and unique database collecting information on task profiles using national data across five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK) in order to assess the existence of cross country variability... mehr

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    The present study offers an original and unique database collecting information on task profiles using national data across five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK) in order to assess the existence of cross country variability in terms of tasks content, methods of work and tools used at work. Overall, the comparative component contributes to better understanding nature of work, effects of technical change, institutional and cultural variations across countries, a dimension often neglected in the literature especially for limitation in data availability at the national level. The creation of task indicators follows the overall approach and methodology developed in FernándezMacías, Hurley and Bisello, 2016; Fernández-Macías, Bisello, Sarkar, Torrejón, 2016 and its updated version by Fernández-Macías and Bisello (2020). In order to provide consistent cross-country data enabling comparisons, we applied the weighted ranking method already established in the literature and often used in the job-based approach. Using the ordered ranking resulting from the standardisation adopted, we analysed national employment structures focusing on tasks profile as well as on the employment distribution by task-terciles. The descriptive analysis performed highlights two main patterns. First, a certain degree of similarity in employment structures by tasks content terciles emerges, especially once compared across occupational groups. The task content of jobs reflects the technical nature of the production process - which is directly related to the type of product or service that is produced - and, in principle, is less affected by national differences. Second, countries show more heterogeneity in terms of work organization, namely "methods of work". This can in turn be explained by the fact that work methods reflect (relatively more than content itself) the socio-organizational structure in which they are embedded and are affected by idiosyncratic behavioral patterns of routines, cultural values, institutional frameworks.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231345
    Schriftenreihe: JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology ; 2020, 13
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Working from home and the explosion of enduring divides: income, employment and safety risks
    Autor*in: Cetrulo, Armanda; Guarascio, Dario; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Why are there so many non-teleworkable occupations? Is teleworking only a matter of ICT usage or does it also reflect the division of labour and the underlying hierarchical layers inside organizations? What does it happen to those workers not able to... mehr

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    Why are there so many non-teleworkable occupations? Is teleworking only a matter of ICT usage or does it also reflect the division of labour and the underlying hierarchical layers inside organizations? What does it happen to those workers not able to telework in terms of socio-economic risks, and how does the gender dimension interact with risk stratification? Hereby, we intend to shed light on these questions using a detailed integrated dataset at individual and occupational level (Indagine Campionaria delle Professioni, Indagine delle Forze di Lavoro and Inail archive) which provides information on different nature of risks (income, employment and safety). Our results entail that, first, class attributes strongly influence the chance of working from home, second, those individuals who are not able to perform their work remotely are more exposed to transition to unemployment, to earn low wages, and to safety and health risks, third, being woman and employed with a temporary contract significantly amplify risk stratification.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243496
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2020, 38 (December 2020)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Platform work and economic insecurity
    evidence from Italian survey data
    Autor*in: Cirillo, Valeria; Guarascio, Dario; Parolin, Zachary
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers... mehr

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    The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers relative to other occupation groups. Moreover, it remains unclear if the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or their more precarious working conditions. This study uses representative survey data of platform workers in Italy to investigate their size, composition, and socio- economic conditions relative to individuals in other occupations. Our findings reveal that platform workers tend to be students and of younger age, but are diverse with respect to sex, educational attainment, and native-born status. We find that platform workers face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupation classes. Strikingly, they also feature a rate of economic insecurity that is not significantly different from that of unemployed adults. Moreover, we find that the higher levels of insecurity are not primarily channeled through lower incomes; instead, higher rates of insecurity persist even when taking family incomes into account, suggesting that the precarity and volatility of platform work matter as much as income differences in shaping economic disadvantage. Results hold under analyses that account for selection into platform work. Our findings carry important consequences for understandings of the intensity and sources of socio- economic disadvantage of individuals engaged in platform work.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233011
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 821
    Schlagworte: platform work; non-standard work; economic insecurity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Technology, risk and social policy
    an empirical investigation
    Autor*in: Guarascio, Dario; Sacchi, Stefano
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper investigates the role of exposure to technological risk in shaping social policy preferences, specifically on support for universal basic income and means-tested generalised minimum income. Evidence is provided for Italy, to exploit the... mehr

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    This paper investigates the role of exposure to technological risk in shaping social policy preferences, specifically on support for universal basic income and means-tested generalised minimum income. Evidence is provided for Italy, to exploit the availability of high-quality data, allowing measures of two dimensions of technological risk. Objective risk hinges upon the degree of substitutability of one's occupation by machines, while subjective risk concerns a worker's perception of their substitutability. We posit that exposure to technological risk induces individuals to ask for protection, and thus increases support for social policy. We test two hypotheses: first, that exposure to objective risk of replacement by machines is correlated with support for both safety nets; second, that such effect is increased by high perception of risk. On the whole, results confirm a strong relationship between exposure to technological risk and support for social safety nets, once objective risk is disentangled from subjective perceptions. However, we find that such relationship only holds for men, while it cannot be confirmed for women.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233603
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 833
    Schlagworte: technological change; routine occupations; social policy; generalised minimum income; universal basic income; safety nets
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Platform work and economic insecurity: evidence from Italian survey data
    Autor*in: Cirillo, Valeria; Guarascio, Dario; Parolin, Zachary
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers... mehr

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    The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers relative to other occupation groups. Moreover, it remains unclear if the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or their more precarious working conditions. This study uses representative survey data of platform workers in Italy to investigate their size, composition, and socio-economic conditions relative to individuals in other occupations. Our findings reveal that platform workers tend to be students and of younger age, but are diverse with respect to sex, educational attainment, and native-born status. We find that platform workers face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupation classes. Strikingly, they also feature a rate of economic insecurity that is not significantly different from that of unemployed adults. Moreover, we find that the higher levels of insecurity are not primarily channeled through lower incomes; instead, higher rates of insecurity persist even when taking family incomes into account, suggesting that the precarity and volatility of platform work matter as much as income differences in shaping economic disadvantage. Results hold under analyses that account for selection into platform work. Our findings carry important consequences for understandings of the intensity and sources of socio-economic disadvantage of individuals engaged in platform work.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243509
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 13 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: Platform work; non-standard work; economic insecurity
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Technology, risk and social policy
    an empirical investigation
    Autor*in: Guarascio, Dario; Sacchi, Stefano
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper investigates the role of exposure to technological risk in shaping social policy preferences, specifically on support for universal basic income and means-tested generalised minimum income. Evidence is provided for Italy, to exploit the... mehr

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    This paper investigates the role of exposure to technological risk in shaping social policy preferences, specifically on support for universal basic income and means-tested generalised minimum income. Evidence is provided for Italy, to exploit the availability of high-quality data, allowing measures of two dimensions of technological risk. Objective risk hinges upon the degree of substitutability of one’s occupation by machines, while subjective risk concerns a worker’s perception of their substitutability. We posit that exposure to technological risk induces individuals to ask for protection, and thus increases support for social policy. We test two hypotheses: first, that exposure to objective risk of replacement by machines is correlated with support for both safety nets; second, that such effect is increased by high perception of risk. On the whole, results confirm a strong relationship between exposure to technological risk and support for social safety nets, once objective risk is disentangled from subjective perceptions. However, we find that such relationship only holds for men, while it cannot be confirmed for women.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243512
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2021, 16 (April 2021)
    Schlagworte: Technological change; routine occupations; social policy; generalised minimum income; universal basic income; safety nets
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Skill gap, mismatch, and the dynamics of Italian companies' productivity
    Autor*in: Fanti, Lucrezia; Guarascio, Dario; Tubiana, Matteo
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Relying on a unique integrated database, this work explores the relationship between labour productivity, on one side; intensity and characteristics of companies' skills need and degree of skill mismatch, on the other. The analysis focuses on a... mehr

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    Relying on a unique integrated database, this work explores the relationship between labour productivity, on one side; intensity and characteristics of companies' skills need and degree of skill mismatch, on the other. The analysis focuses on a representative sample of Italian limited liability companies observed during the years 2012, 2014 and 2017. First, companies acknowledging the need to update their knowledge base display a higher productivity vis-à-vis other firms. Second, when it comes to the skill need distinguished by competence/knowledge domains (management, STEM, social and soft skills, technical operatives and humanities) it emerges that companies looking for technical operative and social skills show lower labour productivity as compared to other firms. On the contrary, companies characterized by a need in managerial, STEM or humanities-related skills show higher productivity. Third, the ability to match the skill need via new hiring is always positively correlated with firms' productivity. This result is confirmed across all the adopted specifications.

     
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    hdl: 10419/228128
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2019, 30 (August 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Anatomy of the Italian occupational structure
    concentrated power and distributed knowledge
    Autor*in: Cetrulo, Armanda; Guarascio, Dario; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Which type of work do Italians perform? In this contribution we aim at detecting the anatomy of the Italian occupational structure by taking stock of a micro-level dataset registering the task content, the execution of procedures, the knowledge... mehr

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    Which type of work do Italians perform? In this contribution we aim at detecting the anatomy of the Italian occupational structure by taking stock of a micro-level dataset registering the task content, the execution of procedures, the knowledge embedded in the work itself, called ICP (Indagine Campionaria sulle Professioni), the latter being comparable to the U.S. O*NET dataset. We perform an extensive empirical investigation moving from the micro to the macro level of aggregation. Our results show that the Italian occupational structure is strongly hierarchical, with the locus of power distinct by the locus of knowledge generation. It is also weak in terms of collaborative and worker involvement practices, and possibility to be creative. Our analysis allows to pinpoint the role exerted by hierarchical structures, decision making autonomy, and knowledge as the most relevant attributes characterizing the division of labour.

     
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    hdl: 10419/228132
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2019, 34 (October 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Monopoly capitalism in the digital era
    Autor*in: Coveri, Andrea; Cozza, Claudio; Guarascio, Dario
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Sapienza università di Roma, Roma

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    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: September 2021
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome ; no. 209 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: Monopoly Capital; Monopoly Power; Digital Platforms; Amazon; Multinational corporation
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Platform work and economic insecurity
    evidence from representive Italian survey data
    Autor*in: Cirillo, Valeria; Guarascio, Dario; Parolin, Zachary
    Erschienen: [2021]
    Verlag:  Sapienza università di Roma, Roma

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome ; no. 208 (November 2021)
    Schlagworte: low-pay employment; stratification; technological change; inequality
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Comparative advantages in the digital era
    a Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek approach
    Autor*in: Guarascio, Dario; Stöllinger, Roman
    Erschienen: July 2022
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    This paper revisits the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem and investigates its fit for digital tasks and ICT capital, which both represent endowment factors that are expected to shape the digital transformation. We use a theory-consistent... mehr

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    This paper revisits the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem and investigates its fit for digital tasks and ICT capital, which both represent endowment factors that are expected to shape the digital transformation. We use a theory-consistent methodology for calculating the measured net factor content of trade (Trefler and Zhu, 2010) and apply it to a unique dataset on digital and non-digital tasks performed in detailed occupations, as well as recent data on ICT capital stocks. Equipped with these data we provide new evidence on the factor-based trade patterns for 25 EU countries and use it to test the HOV theorem. Overall, the performance of the sign test and the rank test is good if not impressive. In 83% of the cases countries are net exporters of those factors with which they are abundantly endowed, with a higher score achieved for digital tasks than for ICT capital. We conclude that the fit of the HOV theorem for highly relevant endowments of the digital era is as good as that of traditional endowment factors.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272995
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 217
    Schlagworte: Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem; factor content of trade; comparative advantages; digital tasks; ICT capital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The diffusion of digital skills across EU regions
    structural drivers and polarization dynamics
    Autor*in: Caravella, Serenella; Cirillo, Valeria; Crespi, Francesco; Guarascio, Dario; Menghini, Mirko
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The digital transformation is an important driver of long-run productivity growth and, as such, it has the potential to promote a more inclusive and sustainable growth. However, digital capabilities, crucial to develop and govern new digital... mehr

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    The digital transformation is an important driver of long-run productivity growth and, as such, it has the potential to promote a more inclusive and sustainable growth. However, digital capabilities, crucial to develop and govern new digital technologies, are unevenly distributed across European regions increasing the risk of divergence and polarization. By taking advantage of a set of original indicators capturing the level of digital skills in the regional workforce, this work analyzes the factors shaping the process of digital skill accumulation in the EU over the period 2011-2018. Relying on transition probability matrices and dynamic random effects probit models, we provide evidence of a strong and persistent regional polarization in the adoption and deployment of digital skills. Further, we investigate whether European Funds (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Funds, and European Social Funds) are capable to shape the digitalization process and to favor regional convergence.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265371
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1188
    Schlagworte: Digital transition; Skills; Labour markets; Persistence; Regional development; EU policies
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Comparative advantages in the digital era
    a Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek approach
    Autor*in: Guarascio, Dario; Stöllinger, Roman
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Sapienza università di Roma, Roma

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome ; no. 223 (June 2022)
    Schlagworte: Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem; factor content of trade; comparative advantages; digital tasks; ICT capital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Fiscal policy, public investment, and structural change
    a P-SVAR analysis on Italian regions
    Autor*in: Zezza, Francesco; Guarascio, Dario
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Sapienza università di Roma, Roma

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome ; no. 226 (September 2022)
    Schlagworte: Fiscal multipliers; Panel SVAR; Italian regions; North-South divide
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. What drives employment-unemployment transitions?
    evidence from Italian task-based data
    Autor*in: Cassandra, Nicola; Centra, Marco; Esposito, Piero; Guarascio, Dario
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Relying on a unique longitudinal integrated database supplying micro-level information on labor market transitions (concerning the 2011-2017 period) and occupation task characteristics (e.g. routine-task intensity), this paper provides fresh evidence... mehr

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    Relying on a unique longitudinal integrated database supplying micro-level information on labor market transitions (concerning the 2011-2017 period) and occupation task characteristics (e.g. routine-task intensity), this paper provides fresh evidence of the determinants of unemployment risk in Italy. We find that workers employed in routine-intensive occupations (measured with the RTI proposed by Acemoglu and Autor, 2011) do not display - on average - higher unemployment risks than the rest of the workforce. However, on distinguishing between cognitive and manual tasks, it turns out that workers employed in occupations entailing a large proportion of routine cognitive tasks (such as workers employed in service occupations as cashiers or call-center operators) are in fact exposed to a relatively higher risk of becoming unemployed. By contrast, a rather lower risk seems to be faced by workers employed in occupations entailing a large proportion of routine-manual tasks. Finally, the distribution of unemployment risk and its relation with routine-task intensity varies significantly across sectors - with higher risk in manufacturing and construction - confirming the importance of industry-level economic, technological and institutional heterogeneities.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 563
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Skill gap, mismatch, and the dynamics of Italian companies' productivity
    Autor*in: Fanti, Lucrezia; Guarascio, Dario; Tubiana, Matteo
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Relying on a unique integrated database, this work explores the relationship between labour productivity, on one side; intensity and characteristics of companies’ skills need and degree of skill mismatch, on the other. The analysis focuses on a... mehr

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    Relying on a unique integrated database, this work explores the relationship between labour productivity, on one side; intensity and characteristics of companies’ skills need and degree of skill mismatch, on the other. The analysis focuses on a representative sample of Italian limited liability companies observed during the years 2012, 2014 and 2017. First, companies acknowledging the need to update their knowledge base display a higher productivity vis-à-vis other firms. Second, when it comes to the skill need distinguished by competence/knowledge domains (management, STEM, social and soft skills, technical operatives and humanities) it emerges that companies looking for technical operative and social skills show lower labour productivity as compared to other firms. On the contrary, companies characterized by a need in managerial, STEM or humanities-related skills show higher productivity. Third, the ability to match the skill need via new hiring is always positively correlated with firms’ productivity. This result is confirmed across all the adopted specifications.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 376
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Assessing digital leadership
    is the EU losing out to the US?
    Autor*in: Guarascio, Dario; Stöllinger, Roman
    Erschienen: March 2023
    Verlag:  Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, Wien

    Since Leontief's (1953) seminal work on the factor content of trade, the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlinmodel has been judged not only on the basis of formal tests of the theory but also tested against prior expectation. In this vein, this paper uses... mehr

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    Since Leontief's (1953) seminal work on the factor content of trade, the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlinmodel has been judged not only on the basis of formal tests of the theory but also tested against prior expectation. In this vein, this paper uses the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) approach to investigate whether supposed US leadership in the digital domain can be traced back to digital task endowments embodied in labour services. In a comparison between EU member states and the US, we find that the latter is more intensive in digital tasks than the EU and that this difference is explained by both an intensity-effect (US occupations being more digital-task intensive) and a structural component (relatively more digital-task intensive occupations). Viewed through the lens of the HOV theorem we find that the US is abundant in digital tasks relative to non-digital tasks, while the opposite is true for the EU. The standard tests for the predictive power of the HOV theorem are high and in line with the results for labour in previous literature.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278386
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / wiiw ; 225
    Schlagworte: Comparative advantages; digitalisation; Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem; digital tasks
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Digital tasks and ICT capital
    methodologies and data
    Autor*in: Gschwent, Lorenz; Guarascio, Dario; Jestl, Stefan; Sabouniha, Alireza; Stöllinger, Roman
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    This report describes the data and documents the data collection and adjustment procedures for a project called 'Comparative Advantage in the Digital Era'. This project uses granular information on the tasks being performed by workers in different... mehr

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    This report describes the data and documents the data collection and adjustment procedures for a project called 'Comparative Advantage in the Digital Era'. This project uses granular information on the tasks being performed by workers in different occupations on the one hand and different asset types of capital on the other hand to pin down comparative advantages in digital tasks and ICT capital. Given the nature of the project, the data work focuses on the adjustment of the underlying occupation and industry-specific employment data and the asset-type and industry-specific capital stock data to match the figures in the Intern-Country Input Output tables. The latter are a key ingredient for the calculation of endowment based comparative advantages. Finally, it explains the Survey on Italian Occupations (Indagine Campionaria sulle Professioni, ICP), a unique database on the characteristics of occupations in the Italian and its US-American counterpart, the O*NET database. The data work documented in this report builds the foundation for the further work of the aforementioned project.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Statistical report / WIIW, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies ; 11 (January 2023)
    Schlagworte: Employment; capital stocks; digital tasks; ICT capital
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The euro area's Achilles heel
    reassessing Italy's long decline in the context of European integration and globalisation
    Autor*in: Guarascio, Dario; Heimberger, Philipp; Zezza, Francesco
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    This paper analyses how Italy's decades-long decline turned the country into the euro area's Achilles heel, the most vulnerable spot in the common currency. We use a structuralist framework to synthesise different (competing) supply-side and... mehr

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    This paper analyses how Italy's decades-long decline turned the country into the euro area's Achilles heel, the most vulnerable spot in the common currency. We use a structuralist framework to synthesise different (competing) supply-side and demand-side explanations, accounting for long-term processes and sectoral interdependencies. We argue that structural domestic factors that were already present in the decades after World War II ('original sins') - low-cost competition and labour fragmentation, many small firms linked to low innovation, and a deep territorial divide - interacted with the policy constraints brought about by globalisation and European integration to exacerbate Italy's decline vis-à-vis its euro area peers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278559
    Schriftenreihe: Research report / wiiw ; 470 (July 2023)
    Schlagworte: Italy; decline; euro area; crisis
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Digitalization, routineness and employment
    an exploration on Italian task-based data
    Autor*in: Cirillo, Valeria; Evangelista, Rinaldo; Guarascio, Dario; Sostero, Matteo
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    This paper explores the relation between the digitalization and of labour processes, the level of routineness of tasks and changes in employment. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in 796 5-digit ISCO professional groups are... mehr

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    This paper explores the relation between the digitalization and of labour processes, the level of routineness of tasks and changes in employment. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in 796 5-digit ISCO professional groups are measured using data from a unique Italian profession-level survey on skill, task and work contents – the INAPP-ISTAT Survey on Italian Occupations (ICP), an O*NET-type dataset. We develop three novel digitalization indices: a digital use index measuring the use of digital devices and technologies in the workplace, a digital skills index assessing the familiarity and skill in using digital technologies, and a digital tasks index capturing the frequency and importance of selected digital tasks. Using the same data-source the Autor and Dorn routine task intensity index is also computed. This allows us to explore, based on robust indicators on routinization and digitalization, the existence and the strength of a “routinized biased technological change” specifically associated to the use of digital technologies. Results show the multifaceted nature of both digitalization and routineness processes, both characterized by strong sectoral specificities and by being strongly associated with the skill content of labour professions. Professions characterized by higher digital skills are those showing the best employment performances (although this holds only in manufacturing sector). Both the descriptive and econometric evidences show a negative employment dynamics among professions combining high level of digitalization and routineness.

     
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    hdl: 10419/203108
    Schriftenreihe: LEM working paper series ; 2019, 18 (June 2019)
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  24. Quantity and quality of work in the platform economy
    Autor*in: Bogliacino, Francesco; Codagnone, Cristiano; Cirillo, Valeria; Guarascio, Dario
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This critical and scoping review essay analyses digital labour markets where labour-intensive services are traded by matching requesters (employers and/or consumers) and providers (workers). It first discusses to what extent labour platform can be... mehr

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    This critical and scoping review essay analyses digital labour markets where labour-intensive services are traded by matching requesters (employers and/or consumers) and providers (workers). It first discusses to what extent labour platform can be treated as two-sided or multi-sided markets, and the implications of these classifications. It then moves to address the legal and regulatory issues implied by these technologies. From a theoretical point of view, using a framework where innovation is not neutral in the labour market, platforms have implications for the quantity of jobs, for the kind of skills and tasks which are exchanged, and in terms of bargaining power of the contracting parties. It includes a critical evaluation of the empirical evidence from a variety of sources.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 420
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  25. Anatomy of the Italian occupational structure: concentrated power and distributed knowledge
    Autor*in: Cetrulo, A.; Guarascio, Dario; Virgillito, Maria Enrica
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Which type of work do Italians perform? In this contribution we aim at detecting the anatomy of the Italian occupational structure by taking stock of a micro-level dataset registering the task content, the execution of procedures, the knowledge... mehr

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    Which type of work do Italians perform? In this contribution we aim at detecting the anatomy of the Italian occupational structure by taking stock of a micro-level dataset registering the task content, the execution of procedures, the knowledge embedded in the work itself, called ICP (Indagine Campionaria sulle Professioni), the latter being comparable to the U.S. O*NET dataset. We perform an extensive empirical investigation moving from the micro to the macro level of aggregation. Our results show that the Italian occupational structure is strongly hierarchical, with the locus of power distinct by the locus of knowledge generation. It is also weak in terms of collaborative and worker involvement practices, and possibility to be creative. Our analysis allows to pinpoint the role exerted by hierarchical structures, decision making autonomy, and knowledge as the most relevant attributes characterizing the division of labour.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205263
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 418
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen