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  1. Measuring youth empowerment: an illustration using the example of Tunisia
    Autor*in: Goedhuys, Micheline; Grimm, Michael; Meysonnat, Aline; Nillesen, Eleonora; Reitmann, Ann-Kristin
    Erschienen: October 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Youth empowerment, i.e., the ability of young people to take control over key aspects of their lives, has become a growing concern to achieving sustainable development worldwide. An increasing number of policy interventions is targeting the youth,... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    Youth empowerment, i.e., the ability of young people to take control over key aspects of their lives, has become a growing concern to achieving sustainable development worldwide. An increasing number of policy interventions is targeting the youth, but to monitor the progress a better understanding on what constitutes youth empowerment is needed. However, in contrast to the area of women's empowerment, little progress has been made on determining which domains of empowerment are important for youth and how they can be operationalized with indicators for measurement. We propose four domains of youth empowerment with corresponding indicators and use a well-established methodology for constructing a composite index. Using data from a household survey in Tunisia including a sample of young adults (18 to 30 years old), we assess youth empowerment in the proposed domains, explore correlates to empowerment and assess the link between youth empowerment and youth well-being. The proposed approach can help to monitor youth empowerment in various contexts and to evaluate the effectiveness of youth interventions.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250421
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14760
    Schlagworte: youth empowerment; measurement; multidimensional index; well-being; Middle East and North Africa region
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Transformation towards a more sustainable agricultural system in Indonesia
    empirical essays on the role of information and endorsement
    Autor*in: Luck, Nathalie
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Universität Passau, Passau

    In many cases, transitioning towards sustainable agricultural production requires farmers to change their practices. These changes can include the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, water-saving, or the disadoption of excessive chemical... mehr

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Fachhochschule Erfurt, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Technische Universität Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover
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    Bibliothek im Kurt-Schwitters-Forum
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck
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    Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Medien- und Informationszentrum, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Hochschule Osnabrück, Bibliothek Campus Westerberg
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    In many cases, transitioning towards sustainable agricultural production requires farmers to change their practices. These changes can include the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, water-saving, or the disadoption of excessive chemical input use or land burning. Policy makers interested in making agricultural production more sustainable need to understand what encourages the uptake of sustainable practices and what is effective in reducing unsustainable practices. This thesis seeks to understand whether and how information provision and endorsement can contribute to the transition towards more sustainable agricultural systems. The thesis consists of three self-contained papers. The first paper explores the potential of religious endorsement for inducing pro-environmental behaviour and encouraging the disadoption of fire as an agricultural practice, thereby preventing forest fires. The paper analyses the impact of a fatwa (an Islamic religious ruling) on reducing fire incidence in Indonesia. Results indicate that fire incidence decreased in Muslim majority villages following the issuing of the fatwa. For the post-fatwa period from August 2016 to December 2019, the average monthly effect amounts to around 2.2 prevented fire events per village. This is a considerable effect. The paper concludes that fire prevention efforts, and potentially other environmental conservation efforts, could benefit significantly from support by religious institutions and stakeholders. The second paper investigates the role of information provision and training for the adoption of organic farming practices in Java, Indonesia. We use a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to identify the impact of a three-day hands-on training in organic farming for smallholder farmers. We find that the training intervention increased the adoption of organic inputs and had a positive and statistically significant effect on farmers' knowledge and perceptions of organic farming. Overall, our findings suggest that information constraints are a barrier to the adoption of organic farming, as information provision increased the use of organic farming practices. The third paper investigates whether urban and suburban Indonesian consumers are willing to pay a price premium for organic food. We use an incentive-compatible auction based on the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) approach to elicit consumers' WTP. We further study the effect of income and a randomised information treatment about the benefits of organic food on respondents' WTP. Estimates suggest that consumers are willing to pay a price premium for organic rice, on average 20 percent more than what they paid for conventional rice outside of our experiment. However, our results also indicate that raising consumers' WTP further is complex. Showing participants a video about the health or, alternatively, environmental benefits of organic food was not effective in further raising WTP. Exposure to the environmental benefits video was, however, effective in raising stated organic food consumption intentions.

     
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    Beteiligt: Grimm, Michael (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Bulte, Erwin H. (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schlagworte: technology adoption; religion; organic farming; WTP
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 172 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Universität Passau, 2021
  3. Short-term impacts of targeted cash grants and business development services: experimental evidence from entrepreneurs in Burkina Faso
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael; Soubeiga, Sidiki; Weber, Michael
    Erschienen: November 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Most support programs targeted at small firms in low- and middle-income countries fail to generate transformative effects at a large scale due to bad targeting, too little flexibility, and the limited size of the support, among others. This paper... mehr

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    Most support programs targeted at small firms in low- and middle-income countries fail to generate transformative effects at a large scale due to bad targeting, too little flexibility, and the limited size of the support, among others. This paper assesses the short-term effects of a randomized targeted Government support program to small and medium-size firms that have been selected based on a business plan competition. One group received large cash grants of up to US$8,000, with flexible conditions of use. A second group received grants of an equally important size but earmarked to business development services and thus less flexible and with a required own contribution of 20 percent. A third group serves as a control group. All firms operate in agribusiness or related activities in a semi-urban area. An assessment of the short-term impacts shows that beneficiaries of cash grants engage in better business practices, such as formalization and bookkeeping. They also invest more. Yet, this does not translate into higher profits and employment. There is no effect on investment and business practices among beneficiaries of grants for business development services. Yet, both treatment groups show a higher ability to innovate relative to the control group. The results also show that cash grants cushioned the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. A further round of data collection will soon allow to assess the longer-term effects of both interventions which may differ from the short-term effects analyzed here as both interventions may need time to unfold their full effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250553
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14892
    Schlagworte: firm support programs; cash grants; finance; matching grants; business development services; agribusiness; randomized controlled trial
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Can informal redistribution withstand formal safety nets?
    insights from urban-rural transfers in Burkina Faso
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael; Hartwig, Renate; Reitmann, Ann-Kristin; Bocoum, Fadima Yaya
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Universität Passau, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Passau

    Households in rural areas still depend on informal transfers to meet subsistence needs and cope with shocks. Yet, to provide additional monetary support, formal safety nets are increasingly introduced in developing countries. However, it remains... mehr

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    Households in rural areas still depend on informal transfers to meet subsistence needs and cope with shocks. Yet, to provide additional monetary support, formal safety nets are increasingly introduced in developing countries. However, it remains unclear whether such social protection policies will have the desired welfare effects. This article addresses this question by analyzing the private transfer response to changes in the income of rural recipients using novel data from Burkina Faso. We assume that the transfer-income relationship is a non-linear one where transfer motives, and therefore also transfer responses, vary with the recipient's position in the income distribution. Our findings support this view. We find a pronounced, negative private transfer response among the poorest of the poor. This observation has important policy implications, because those households that depend most on private transfers, would be most affected by crowding-out effects. In terms of transfer motives, the negative relationship for the lowest income class is consistent with transfers being altruistically motivated. With increasing income levels, transfers cease being altruistic at the margin and switch toward exchange motives. However, the observed transfer pattern is also indicative of an (informal) insurance role of private transfers. Rural households receive higher private transfers in response to negative shocks. These results can serve as a basis for the design of formal social protection mechanisms in a context where informal redistribution still plays an important role.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224947
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; Nr. V-81-20
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. On the malleability of gender attitudes
    evidence from implicit and explicit measures in Tunisia
    Autor*in: Nillesen, Eleonora; Grimm, Michael; Goedhuys, Micheline; Reitmann, Ann-Kristin; Meysonnat, Aline
    Erschienen: [2020]
    Verlag:  Universität Passau, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Passau

    We use an implicit association test (IAT) next to a set of direct survey questions to measure implicit and explicit gender attitudes in Tunisia. Tunisia is among the most advanced countries in the Arab region in terms of women rights and legal... mehr

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    We use an implicit association test (IAT) next to a set of direct survey questions to measure implicit and explicit gender attitudes in Tunisia. Tunisia is among the most advanced countries in the Arab region in terms of women rights and legal reforms that shall strengthen the position of women. Yet, there still exists a tension between the law and what is practiced. We examine the malleability of these attitudes using (i) a randomized video intervention and (ii) natural variation in interviewer characteristics with respect to gender and perceived religiosity. The video has no average impact, which is consistent with the idea that in a highly polarized society like Tunisia such an intervention only affects attitudes of specific groups in a society. We indeed find that the video mitigates the implicit gender bias only among a specific subpopulation: conservative women. We also confirm the presence of interviewer effects, both for implicit and explicit attitudes. These effects are more pronounced for explicit attitudes, which may suggest social desirability at work. We discuss the implications of our findings for further research and policies targeted at gender attitudes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/224949
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; Nr. V-83-20
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. On the malleability of implicit attitudes towards women empowerment
    evidence from Tunisia
    Autor*in: Nillesen, Eleonora; Grimm, Michael; Goedhuys, Micheline; Reitmann, Ann-Kristin; Meysonnat, Aline
    Erschienen: July 2019
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We use an implicit association test (IAT) to measure implicit gender attitudes and examine the malleability of these attitudes using a randomized field experiment and quasi-experimental data from Tunisia. Women that appear most conservative respond... mehr

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    We use an implicit association test (IAT) to measure implicit gender attitudes and examine the malleability of these attitudes using a randomized field experiment and quasi-experimental data from Tunisia. Women that appear most conservative respond to a randomized video treatment by reducing their implicit gender bias. Also, female interviewers invite more conservative responses to the IAT, especially among the male subsample. Perceived religiosity of the interviewer affects self-reported gender attitudes, but not IAT measures, suggesting social desirability may be at work. We discuss the implications of our findings for the use of implicit measures in development research.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/202817
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12471
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Measuring attitudes on gender equality and domestic violence in the Arab context
    the role of framing, priming and interviewer effects
    Autor*in: Reitmann, Ann-Kristin; Goedhuys, Micheline; Grimm, Michael; Nillesen, Eleonora
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2019, 027
    Schlagworte: gender equality; domestic violence; framing; priming; interviewer effects; survey experiment; MENA region
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The fertility transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of structural change
    Autor*in: Büttner, Nicolas; Grimm, Michael; Günther, Isabel; Harttgen, Kenneth; Klasen, Stephan
    Erschienen: [2022]
    Verlag:  Universität Passau, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, [Passau]

    Despite relatively sustained economic growth in at least parts of Sub-Saharan Africa over the past twenty years, the fertility transition has not much advanced in most countries in that region. We explore whether the lack of structural change can... mehr

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    Despite relatively sustained economic growth in at least parts of Sub-Saharan Africa over the past twenty years, the fertility transition has not much advanced in most countries in that region. We explore whether the lack of structural change can explain this slow transition. For this end, we analyze the determinants of fertility transitions across the developing world using a novel regional level panel dataset created by matching Demographic and Health Surveys and Household Income Surveys from 60 countries over three decades. Our key hypothesis is that structural change, i.e. a shift of employment from subsistence agriculture to more skill-intensive services, accompanied by an increase in human capital accumulation, is a key driver of the fertility transition. Our results indicate that higher education of women, female employment in non-agricultural formal jobs and industrialization as measured by an increase in nighttime light intensity are indeed important determinants of the fertility transition. We also find suggestive evidence for a complementary role of access to health insurance. Simulations show that if high-fertility countries in Sub-Saharan Africa had experienced the same structural change as the most demographically advanced regions in our sample over the last twenty years, fertility levels would be up to 40% lower.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251969
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; Nr. V-90 (22)
    Schlagworte: Demographic transition; Fertility; Structural change; Human capital; Sub-SaharanAfrica
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Four empirical essays on the role of institutional quality, political instability and entrepreneurship for economic growth and jobs in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Autor*in: Soubeiga, Sidiki
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Universität Passau, Passau

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    Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal
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    Fachhochschule Erfurt, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Bibliothek der Hochschule Hannover
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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Hochschule Osnabrück, Bibliothek Campus Westerberg
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    UB Weimar
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    Beteiligt: Grimm, Michael (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    Schlagworte: Institutionelle Infrastruktur; Politische Instabilität; Entrepreneurship; Gründungsförderung; Wirtschaftswachstum; Bildungsinvestition; Private Investition; Subsahara-Afrika
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 296 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Dissertation, Universität Passau, 2021
  10. Uncover your risk!
    using Facebook to increase personal risk awareness and screening of type 2 diabetes in Indonesia
    Autor*in: Fritz, Manuela; Grimm, Michael; Weber, Ingmar; Yom-Tov, Elad; Praditya, Benedictus
    Erschienen: October 2022
    Verlag:  BGPE, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics, Erlangen-Nuremberg

    We assess whether social media - in particular Facebook - can serve as an efficient and costeffective instrument to increase type 2 diabetes awareness and encourage risk screening activities in Indonesia, where - as in the rest of Southeast Asia -... mehr

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    We assess whether social media - in particular Facebook - can serve as an efficient and costeffective instrument to increase type 2 diabetes awareness and encourage risk screening activities in Indonesia, where - as in the rest of Southeast Asia - the prevalence of the disease and with it the rates of undiagnosed cases have dramatically increased in the last decade. We use Facebook's advertisement function to randomly distribute graphical ads related to the risk and consequences of diabetes to Facebook users above the age of 35 in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The ads differ in their message ("theme") and graphical design, but equally invite viewers to visit an information website on which they can participate in a diabetes self-screening activity. Depending on their determined risk score, participants receive a recommendation to contact their GP and ask for an in-depth screening. We find that the ad themes that we label "information" and "shock" outperform all other themes in terms of creating link clicks and completed screening questionnaires. A follow-up survey six weeks after the online screening suggests that approximately 28% of respondents that were found to have a high risk, plan to schedule (or already have scheduled) an appointment for a professional screening. The complementary costeffectiveness analysis shows that such an online public health campaign can be very cost-effective with a cost of approximately US$9 per newly diagnosed person with type 2 diabetes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272349
    Auflage/Ausgabe: This version: September 2022
    Schriftenreihe: BGPE discussion paper ; no. 221
    Schlagworte: health; diabetes; Facebook; screening; cost-effectiveness; Indonesia
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa
    the role of structural change
    Autor*in: Büttner, Nicolas; Grimm, Michael; Günther, Isabel; Harttgen, Kenneth; Klasen, Stephan
    Erschienen: February 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Despite the recent economic growth in many countries on the African continent, the region has seen a slow fertility transition. In this study, we explore whether the lack of structural economic change can explain this slow fertility transition. We... mehr

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    Despite the recent economic growth in many countries on the African continent, the region has seen a slow fertility transition. In this study, we explore whether the lack of structural economic change can explain this slow fertility transition. We create a unique panel data set combining Demographic and Health Surveys, Household Income Surveys, and nighttime light intensity data, as an indicator for industrialization, from 57 countries at the sub-national regional level over three decades to analyze the driving forces of fertility transitions across low- and middle-income countries. Our results confirm that household wealth, reduced child mortality, and female basic education are crucial for fertility reductions. Yet, our analysis also highlights the important role of increased female labor force participation in the formal sector, industrialization, increased female secondary education, and the expansion of health insurance coverage. Urbanization appears to have a limited, if any, effect. Our simulations indicate that if high-fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa had experienced similar structural economic change as low- and middle-income countries with low fertility, their fertility levels could be up to 50% lower.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272593
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15966
    Schlagworte: demographic transition; fertility; structural change; human capital; sub-Saharan Africa
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The impact of Margaret Sanger's birth control clinics on early 20th century U.S. fertility and mortality
    Autor*in: Bauernschuster, Stefan; Grimm, Michael; Hajo, Cathy Moran
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and... mehr

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    Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until 1940. Moreover, birth control clinics had a significant and meaningful negative effect on the incidence of stillbirths and infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant. Further suggestive evidence points towards positive effects on female employment.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10421 (2023)
    Schlagworte: birth control; fertility; mortality; Margaret Sanger; demographic transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The impact of Margaret Sanger's birth control clinics on early 20th century U.S. fertility and mortality
    Autor*in: Bauernschuster, Stefan; Grimm, Michael; Hajo, Cathy Moran
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and... mehr

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    Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until 1940. Moreover, birth control clinics had a significant and meaningful negative effect on the incidence of stillbirths and infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant. Further suggestive evidence points towards positive effects on female employment.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16118
    Schlagworte: birth control; fertility; mortality; Margaret Sanger; demographic transition
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Linking representative household models with household surveys for poverty analysis
    a comparison of alternative methodologies
    Autor*in: Agénor, Pierre-Richard; Chen, Derek Hung Chiat; Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: 2004
    Verlag:  World Bank, World Bank Inst., Global Knowledge and Learning Div., Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 3343
    Schlagworte: Armut; Einkommensverteilung; Armutsbekämpfung; Wirkungsanalyse; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Poverty
    Umfang: 48 S, graph. Darst
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  15. Can training enhance adoption, knowledge and perception of organic farming practices?
    evidence from a randomized experiment in Indonesia
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael; Luck, Nathalie
    Erschienen: June 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In many parts of the world, several decades of intensively applying Green Revolution technologies came at environmental costs, i.e. degraded water and soil quality as well as a loss of biodiversity. This has led to an increased interest in... mehr

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    In many parts of the world, several decades of intensively applying Green Revolution technologies came at environmental costs, i.e. degraded water and soil quality as well as a loss of biodiversity. This has led to an increased interest in alternative farming systems such as organic farming, which is commonly perceived as more sustainable. Despite many initiatives to promote organic farming, it remains a marginal activity in many countries. Widespread uptake of organic farming requires a better understanding of the drivers for and barriers to its adoption. Previous studies highlighted information as an important driver of agricultural technology adoption. Yet, despite the variety of programs studied, little is known about the role of removing information constraints in the context of organic farming. In this paper, we focus on the role of information provision and training as one driver for the adoption of organic farming practices in Indonesia. We use a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to identify the impact of a three-day hands-on training in organic farming on smallholder farmers' adoption and knowledge of such practices as well as on their perception towards organic farming. We find that the training intervention had a positive and statistically significant effect on the use of organic inputs. We further find positive and statistically significant treatment effects with respect to knowledge about and perception of organic farming. Overall, our findings suggest that intense training is a promising instrument to increase the uptake of organic farming.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13400
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The effects of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children's nutrition and education
    Autor*in: Dodlova, Marina; Escobar Carias, Michelle; Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: May 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We assess the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children’s nutrition and education. We combine geo-coded shaking intensity data with four waves of the Haiti Demographic Health Survey, two administered before and two after the earthquake. We find... mehr

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    We assess the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children’s nutrition and education. We combine geo-coded shaking intensity data with four waves of the Haiti Demographic Health Survey, two administered before and two after the earthquake. We find lasting negative impacts of the earthquake on children's stunting and wasting as well as on school enrolment and attendance. A one standard deviation increase in shaking intensity raises infant stunting by 0.08 standard deviations and wasting by 0.04 standard deviations. Our estimates account for the millions in aid funds allocated by the World Bank to overcome the earthquake's aftermath. This aid mitigated but could not fully prevent the adverse effects on children's health and education. The results are robust to alternative specifications and different measures of exposure to the earthquake. Our results highlight the need for aid in poor areas affected by natural disasters to prevent infant malnutrition and poor education. Reduced children's health and education will have lasting private and social costs, which could easily exceed the necessary costs to counter these effects.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16195
    Schlagworte: natural disasters; earthquake; nutrition; education; school attendance; Haiti
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The effects of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children's nutrition and education
    Autor*in: Dodlova, Marina; Escobar Carias, Michelle; Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: June 2023
    Verlag:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    We assess the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children's nutrition and education. We combine geo-coded shaking intensity data with four waves of the Haiti Demographic Health Survey, two administered before and two after the earthquake. We find... mehr

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    We assess the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on children's nutrition and education. We combine geo-coded shaking intensity data with four waves of the Haiti Demographic Health Survey, two administered before and two after the earthquake. We find lasting negative impacts of the earthquake on children's stunting and wasting as well as on school enrolment and attendance. A one standard deviation increase in shaking intensity raises infant stunting by 0.08 standard deviations and wasting by 0.04 standard deviations. Our estimates account for the millions in aid funds allocated by the World Bank to overcome the earthquake's aftermath. This aid mitigated but could not fully prevent the adverse effects on children's health and education. The results are robust to alternative specifications and different measures of exposure to the earthquake. Our results highlight the need for aid in poor areas affected by natural disasters to prevent infant malnutrition and poor education. Reduced children's health and education will have lasting private and social costs, which could easily exceed the necessary costs to counter these effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/279255
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working papers ; 10505 (2023)
    Schlagworte: natural disasters; earthquake; nutrition; education; school attendance; Haiti
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Linking representative household models with household surveys for poverty analysis
    a comparison of alternative methodologies
    Autor*in: Agénor, Pierre-Richard; Chen, Derek Hung Chiat; Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: 2004
    Verlag:  World Bank, World Bank Inst., Global Knowledge and Learning Div., Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 3343
    Schlagworte: Armut; Einkommensverteilung; Armutsbekämpfung; Wirkungsanalyse; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Poverty
    Umfang: 48 S, graph. Darst
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  19. Three essays on the welfare and social impacts of external shocks and public policies in Mexico
    Autor*in: Motzigkeit Gonzalez, Rita A.
    Erschienen: [2018?]

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    Beteiligt: Grimm, Michael (AkademischeR BetreuerIn); Lambsdorff, Johann (AkademischeR BetreuerIn)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Dissertation
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    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 128 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Universität Passau, 2018
  20. Is there a rainbow after the rain?
    how do agricultural shocks affect non-farm enterprises?: evidence from Thailand
    Autor*in: Grabrucker, Katharina; Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  Thailand Vietnam Socio Economic Panel (TVSEP), TVSEP Database Centre, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Increasing weather volatility poses a significant threat to the livelihood of rural households in developing countries. While how rainfall shocks affect agricultural households has been well documented, there is not much evidence on the indirect... mehr

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    Increasing weather volatility poses a significant threat to the livelihood of rural households in developing countries. While how rainfall shocks affect agricultural households has been well documented, there is not much evidence on the indirect effects on non-agricultural households. Combining household panel data with grid-level precipitation data, we analyze how rainfall shocks affect non-farm enterprises in rural Thailand. We examine the effects of rainfall shocks on labor supply for independent, non-farm activities as well as the indirect effects of rainfall shocks on non-farm enterprises through forward linkages, backward linkages and the consumption levels of farm households. We find that farm households increase their labor participation in non-farm self-employment in response to rainfall shocks. We also observe that rainfall shocks lead to increased input costs by non-farm enterprises in the food processing industry, to higher input costs by farms, to higher sales by agriculture-related non-farm enterprises and to lower expenditure by farm households on food and other consumption items. These effects are significant for surplus rainfall shocks (i.e., more rainfall than usual) but less robust for deficit rainfall shocks (i.e., less rainfall than usual), yet both surplus and deficit rainfall shocks lower agricultural production compared to normal rainfall conditions.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: TVSEP working paper ; WP-011
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Unblurring the market for vision correction
    a willingness to pay experiment in rural Burkina Faso
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael; Hartwig, Renate
    Erschienen: October 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    We assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for eyeglasses in an adult population in rural Burkina Faso using a variant of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) method. We combine the BDM approach with video and deferred payment options to analyze the role of... mehr

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    We assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for eyeglasses in an adult population in rural Burkina Faso using a variant of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) method. We combine the BDM approach with video and deferred payment options to analyze the role of information and liquidity constraints. Furthermore, we exploit variation in reservation and transaction prices to study potential screening and sunk cost effects. Our main results show that, consistent with the over-exclusion perspective documented for essential health products, the willingness to pay for glasses is low, amounting to 20% of the current market price. Information provided through a video raises the willingness to pay for corrective glasses by 16%. In contrast, deferred payment does not affect the willingness to pay. Finally, we find no evidence of screening or sunk cost effects. Overall our results lend support to subsidization of eyeglasses in a resource poor setting.

     
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    hdl: 10419/193223
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11929
    Schlagworte: Gesundheit; Gesundheitswesen; Krankheit; Zugang; Dienstleistung; Medizinische Versorgung; Medizinisches Gerät; Aufwendung; Kosten; Akzeptanz
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Rainfall risk, fertility and development
    evidence from farm settlements during the American demographic transition
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: November 2017
    Verlag:  RWI Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    I analyze whether variation in rainfall risk played a role for the speed of the demographic transition among American settlers. The underlying hypothesis is that children constituted a buffer stock of labor that could be mobilized in response to... mehr

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    I analyze whether variation in rainfall risk played a role for the speed of the demographic transition among American settlers. The underlying hypothesis is that children constituted a buffer stock of labor that could be mobilized in response to income shocks. Identification relies on fertility differences between farm and non-farm households within counties and over time. The results suggest that in areas with a high variance in rainfall the fertility differential between farm households and non-farm households was significantly higher than in areas with a low variance in rainfall. This channel is robust to other relevant forces such as income, education and children’s survival as well as the spatial correlation in fertility levels. The analysis also shows that this effect was reduced and finally disappeared as irrigation systems and agricultural machinery emerged. Hence, access to risk-mitigating devices significantly contributed to the demographic transition in the US. These findings also have potentially important implications for Sub-Saharan Africa, especially for those areas where income risks are a major threat to households and where fertility is still high and only slowly declining or not declining at all. In diesem Papier wird untersucht, ob Unterschiede in der Regenfallvariabilität eine Rolle für die Geschwindigkeit des demografischen Übergangs unter amerikanischen Siedlern gespielt haben. Dahinter steht die Annahme, dass Kinder eine Arbeitsreserve darstellen, die beim Eintreten von Einkommensschocks mobilisiert werden kann. Zur Identifikation dieses Mechanismus werden Fertilitätsunterschiede zwischen landwirtschaftlichen und nicht-landwirtschaftlichen Haushalten innerhalb von Counties über die Zeit genutzt. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass in Gegenden mit einer hohen Regenfallvariabilität der Fertilitätsunterschied zwischen landwirtschaftlichen und nicht-landwirtschaftlichen Haushalten signifikant höher war als in Gegenden mit einer geringen Regenfallvariabilität. Dieser Wirkungskanal ist robust gegenüber anderen Kräften, die zum Beispiel über das Einkommen, Bildungsinvestitionen und Kindersterblichkeit wirken könnten. Ebenso hat der Effekt Bestand, wenn die räumliche Korrelation von Fertilitätsraten berücksichtigt wird. Die Analyse zeigt auch, dass der Effekt mit dem Aufkommen von Bewässerungssystemen und landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen zurückgeht und schließlich verschwindet. Dies suggeriert, dass der Zugang zu risikomindernden Instrumenten entscheidend zum demografischen Übergang in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika beigetragen hat. Diese Ergebnisse haben grundsätzlich auch wichtige Implikationen für Sub-Sahara Afrika, insbesondere für die Gegenden in denen Einkommensrisiken eine besondere Belastung für Haushalte darstellen und in denen Fertilität immer noch hoch ist und nur langsam oder gar nicht zurückgeht.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; # 718
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  23. Demand for off-grid solar electricity
    experimental evidence from Rwanda
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael; Lenz, Luciane; Peters, Jörg; Sievert, Maximiliane
    Erschienen: February 2018
    Verlag:  Universität Duisburg-Essen, Department of Economics, Essen, Germany

    The cost of providing electricity to the unconnected 1.1 billion people in developing countries is significant. High hopes are pinned on market-based dissemination of offgrid technologies to complement the expensive extension of public grid... mehr

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    The cost of providing electricity to the unconnected 1.1 billion people in developing countries is significant. High hopes are pinned on market-based dissemination of offgrid technologies to complement the expensive extension of public grid infrastructure. In this paper, we elicit the revealed willingness-to-pay for different off-grid solar technologies in a field experiment in rural Rwanda. Our findings show that households are willing to dedicate substantial parts of their budget to electricity, but not enough to reach cost-covering prices. Randomly assigned payment periods do not alter this finding. We interpret the results from two perspectives. First, we examine whether the United Nations’ universal energy access goal can be reached via unsubsidized markets. Second, in a stylized welfare cost-benefit analysis, we compare a subsidization policy for off-grid solar electrification to a grid extension policy. Our findings suggest that, for most of rural Africa, off-grid solar is the preferable technology to reach mass electrification, and that grid infrastructure should concentrate on selected prosperous regions.

     
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    Schriftenreihe: Ruhr economic papers ; # 745
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  24. Spatial inequalities explained
    evidence from Burkina Faso
    Autor*in: Gräb, Johannes; Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: 2008
    Verlag:  Ibero-Amerika-Inst. für Wirtschaftsforschung, Göttingen

    The literature shows that regional disparities in growth and poverty are often relatively high, that these regional disparities do not necessarily disappear as the economies grow and develop and that these disparities are itself in many cases an... mehr

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    The literature shows that regional disparities in growth and poverty are often relatively high, that these regional disparities do not necessarily disappear as the economies grow and develop and that these disparities are itself in many cases an important driver of the overall performance of an economy. In this paper we make use of the advantage of a multilevel random coefficient model to explain spatial disparities in incomes among Burkinab`e households. Our findings show that it is not a geographical concentration of people with poor endowments that make areas poor in Burkina Faso. Household income disparities are largely driven by differences in neighborhood endowments and to a smaller extent by provincial or regional characteristics. We conclude that the policy should target small scale geographical units, such as villages. Providing infrastructure, enhancing the functioning of labor markets and fostering demand for education can compensate for climatical disadvantages. -- Spatial inequality ; poverty ; multilevel modeling ; decomposition ; Sub-Saharan Africa

     
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    hdl: 10419/57321
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Ibero America Institute for Economic Research ; 173
    Schlagworte: Haushaltseinkommen; Räumliche Verteilung; Armut; Regionales Cluster; Kommunale Infrastruktur; Klima; Burkina Faso
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (35 S.), graph. Darst.
  25. Food price inflation and schooling
    Autor*in: Grimm, Michael
    Erschienen: 2008
    Verlag:  Ibero-Amerika-Inst. für Wirtschaftsforschung, Göttingen

    In the middle of the nineties the rural population in Burkina Faso was seriously hit by rising food prices. Whereas cotton farmers were able to cope with this shock given the simultaneous boom in the cotton sector, food crop farmers had to withdraw... mehr

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 68 (174)
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    In the middle of the nineties the rural population in Burkina Faso was seriously hit by rising food prices. Whereas cotton farmers were able to cope with this shock given the simultaneous boom in the cotton sector, food crop farmers had to withdraw children from school and to let them work more intensively. Using the exogenous character of the income variation as an instrument allows to disentangle the pure effect of parental income from effects related to parental education, family background and other unobservables. A set of simple policy simulations illustrates the potential of unconditional cash transfers to raise schooling levels and to protect investment in children’s education against transitory income shocks. Although the involved effects are not negligible and much higher as simulations based on the pure OLS effect would suggest, they also show that making transfers conditional on attendance might largely increase the efficiency of such transfers. -- Child Labor ; Education ; Income Elasticity of Education ; Agricultural Shocks ; Cotton Production ; Burkina Faso

     
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    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/57324
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Ibero America Institute for Economic Research ; 174
    Schlagworte: Kinderarbeit; Schulbesuch; Einkommenselastizität der Nachfrage; Lebensmittelpreis; Schock; Baumwollanbau; Burkina Faso
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (35 S.), graph. Darst.