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  1. Social identity and perceived income adequacy
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    Economists are increasingly interested in subjective well-being, but the economic literature on perceptions of income adequacy, which is one of the factors that shapes subjective well-being, is small. Our paper fills this lacuna in the literature. We... mehr

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    Economists are increasingly interested in subjective well-being, but the economic literature on perceptions of income adequacy, which is one of the factors that shapes subjective well-being, is small. Our paper fills this lacuna in the literature. We utilize nationally representative data on perceptions of amounts considered as remunerative earnings from self-employment in India, and examine how these are shaped by social identity, namely, caste. We also investigate if institutional change such as the introduction of an employment guarantee scheme alters these perceptions. Finally, we examine the relationship between caste identity and actual earnings. We find that caste identity does shape both perceptions of income adequacy as well as actual earnings: lower-ranked groups perceive lower amounts as being remunerative, and also earn lower amounts. Further, the employment guarantee scheme alters self-perceptions differentially for different caste groups, but in more nuanced ways than our ex-ante beliefs.

     

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    hdl: 10419/180666
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 232
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  2. Improving survey quality using paradata
    lessons from the India working survey
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    We describe the design and implementation of a paradata based method to reduce interviewer induced measurement error in a household survey in India. Our method identifies enumerators exhibiting deviant field practices, and provides them feedback to... mehr

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    We describe the design and implementation of a paradata based method to reduce interviewer induced measurement error in a household survey in India. Our method identifies enumerators exhibiting deviant field practices, and provides them feedback to correct potentially faulty behavior. A novel feature is the emphasis on dynamic benchmarking within a group of enumerators facing similar field conditions. This helps to correctly pin down steady state levels of multiple data generating processes that exist within our survey. We also present evidence that our method succeeded in changing actual enumerator behavior in the field. Furthermore, we provide a complete prototype of how to operationalize paradata use in a resource constrained environment. At each step, we highlight the trade-offs involved, share insights from our own shortcomings, and provide recommendations to help make more informed choices. We hope our work will encourage the use of paradata to improve survey quality, especially in low- and middle-income countries where their use is still rare.

     

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    hdl: 10419/249293
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1035
    Schlagworte: Paradata; Interviewer Effects; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Improving survey quality using paradata
    lessons from the India Working Survey
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We describe the design and implemention of a paradata based method to reduce interviewer induced measurement error in a household survey in India. Our method identifies enumerators exhibiting deviant field practices, and provides them feedback to... mehr

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    We describe the design and implemention of a paradata based method to reduce interviewer induced measurement error in a household survey in India. Our method identifies enumerators exhibiting deviant field practices, and provides them feedback to correct potentially faulty behavior. A novel feature is the emphasis on dynamic benchmarking within a group of enumerators facing similar field conditions. This helps to correctly pin down steady state levels of multiple data generating processes that exist within our survey. We also present evidence that our method succeeded in changing actual enumerator behavior in the field. Furthermore, we provide a complete prototype of how to operationalize paradata use in a resource constrained environment. At each step, we highlight the trade-offs involved, share insights from our own shortcomings, and provide recommendations to help make more informed choices. We hope our work will encourage the use of paradata to improve survey quality, especially in low- and middle-income countries where their use is still rare.

     

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    hdl: 10419/250702
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15041
    Schlagworte: paradata; survey data; interviewer effects; India
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Did the nation-wide implementation of e-FMS in MGNREGS result in reduced expenditures?
    a reexamination of the evidence
    Erschienen: 2022
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper revisits a part of the analysis by Banerjee et al. (2020), in which they examine the consequences of the nation-wide scale up of reforms to the funds management system (e-FMS) in India's national workfare programme, using a two-way fixed... mehr

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    This paper revisits a part of the analysis by Banerjee et al. (2020), in which they examine the consequences of the nation-wide scale up of reforms to the funds management system (e-FMS) in India's national workfare programme, using a two-way fixed effects specification. They report a substantial 19 percent reduction in labour expenditures. We exploit the recent literature that highlights the limitations of the TWFE estimator in the presence of staggered roll out and effect a Goodman-Bacon decomposition of the TWFE coefficient, to pinpoint sources of identifying variation. We undertake a detailed examination of subsamples of six constituent and valid DiDs based on timing of treatment that are averaged into the TWFE coefficient to identify heterogeneity in treatment effects. This disaggregated subsample analysis does not support the conclusion of any reductions in MGNREGS labour expenditures, suggesting that the TWFE coefficient based on the full sample is indeed biased.

     

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    hdl: 10419/262737
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1146
    Schlagworte: e-governance; public funds management; MGNREGS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Did the nation-wide implementation of e-FMS in MGNREGS result in reduced expenditures?
    a re-examination of the evidence
    Erschienen: August 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper revisits a part of the analysis by Banerjee et al. (2020), in which they examine the consequences of the nation-wide scale up of reforms to the funds management system (e-FMS) in India's national workfare programme, using a two-way fixed... mehr

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    This paper revisits a part of the analysis by Banerjee et al. (2020), in which they examine the consequences of the nation-wide scale up of reforms to the funds management system (e-FMS) in India's national workfare programme, using a two-way fixed effects specification. They report a substantial 19 percent reduction in labour expenditures. We exploit the recent literature that highlights the limitations of the TWFE estimator in the presence of staggered roll out and effect a Goodman-Bacon decomposition of the TWFE coefficient, to pinpoint sources of identifying variation. We undertake a detailed examination of subsamples of six constituent and valid DiDs based on timing of treatment that are averaged into the TWFE coefficient to identify heterogeneity in treatment effects. This disaggregated subsample analysis does not support the conclusion of any reductions in MGNREGS labour expenditures, suggesting that the TWFE coefficient based on the full sample is indeed biased.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265705
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15484
    Schlagworte: e-governance; public funds management; MGNREGS
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Social ties and the job search of recent immigrants
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  CDE, New Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; 189
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmigranten; Einwanderung; Soziale Beziehungen; Arbeitsnachfrage; Netzwerk; Lohnniveau; Kanada
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (29 S.)
  7. Social ties and the job search of recent immigrants
    Erschienen: 2009

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 15186
    Schlagworte: Arbeitsmigranten; Einwanderung; Soziale Beziehungen; Arbeitsnachfrage; Netzwerk; Lohnniveau; Kanada
    Umfang: 33 S.
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  8. Bad karma or discrimination?
    male-female wage gaps among salaried workers in India
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn

    We use nationally representative data from the Employment-Unemployment Surveys in 1999-2000 and 2009-10 to explore gender wage gaps among Regular Wage/Salaried (RWS) workers in India, both at the mean, as well as along the entire wage distribution to... mehr

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    We use nationally representative data from the Employment-Unemployment Surveys in 1999-2000 and 2009-10 to explore gender wage gaps among Regular Wage/Salaried (RWS) workers in India, both at the mean, as well as along the entire wage distribution to see "what happens where". The gender log wage gap at the mean is 55 percent in 1999-2000 and 49 percent in 2009-10, but this change is not statistically significant. The Blinder-Oaxaca and the Machado-Mata-Melly decompositions indicate that, in both years, the bulk of the gender wage gap is unexplained, i.e. possibly discriminatory. They also reveal that over the decade, while the wage-earning characteristics of women improved relative to men, the discriminatory component of the gender wage gap also increased. In fact, in 2009-10, if women were 'paid like men', they would have earned more than men on account of their characteristics. In both years, we see the existence of the "sticky floor", in that gender wage gaps are higher at lower ends of the wage distribution and steadily decline thereafter. Over the ten-year period, we find that the sticky floor became stickier for RWS women. Machado-Mata-Melly decompositions reveal that, in both years, women at the lower end of the wage distribution face higher discriminatory gaps compared to women at the upper end.

     

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    hdl: 10419/124997
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 9485
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (47 S.), graph. Darst.
  9. Employment and earnings in rural India
    2004-2012
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  Centre for Development Economics, New Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; 250
    Schlagworte: Ländlicher Arbeitsmarkt; Ländliches Einkommen; Lohnstruktur; Indien
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
  10. Decomposition analysis of earnings inequality in rural India
    2004-2012
    Erschienen: May 2016
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    We analyze the changes in earnings of paid workers (wage earners) in rural India from 2004/05 to 2011/12. Real earnings increased at all percentiles, and the percentage increase was larger at the lower end. Consequently, earnings inequality declined.... mehr

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    We analyze the changes in earnings of paid workers (wage earners) in rural India from 2004/05 to 2011/12. Real earnings increased at all percentiles, and the percentage increase was larger at the lower end. Consequently, earnings inequality declined. Recentered Influence Function decompositions show that throughout the earnings distribution, except at the very top, both changes in 'worker characteristics' and in 'returns to these characteristics' increased earnings, with the latter having played a bigger role. Decompositions of inequality measures reveal that although the change in characteristics had an inequality increasing effect, chiefly attributable to increased education levels, inequality declined because workers at lower quantiles experienced greater improvements in returns to their characteristics than those at the top.

     

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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/142413
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 9974
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Social ties and the job search of recent immigrants
    Erschienen: May 2016
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    In this paper we highlight a specific mechanism through which social networks help in job search. We characterize the strength of a network by its likelihood of providing a job offer. Using a theoretical model we show that the wage differential in... mehr

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    In this paper we highlight a specific mechanism through which social networks help in job search. We characterize the strength of a network by its likelihood of providing a job offer. Using a theoretical model we show that the wage differential in jobs found using networks versus those found using formal channels, decreases as the network becomes stronger. We verify this result for recent immigrants to Canada for whom a strong network is captured by the presence of a 'close tie.' Furthermore, structural estimates confirm that the presence of a close tie operates by increasing the likelihood of generating a job offer from the network rather than by altering the wage distribution from which an offer is drawn.

     

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    hdl: 10419/142381
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 9942
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten)
  12. Identity, perceptions and institutions
    caste differences in earnings from self-employment in India
    Erschienen: September 2016
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Using data from two rounds of the Employment-Unemployment Survey of the National Sample Survey for 2004-5 and 2009-10, we investigate the relationship between social identity, specifically caste identity in India, and perceptions of self-worth as... mehr

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    Using data from two rounds of the Employment-Unemployment Survey of the National Sample Survey for 2004-5 and 2009-10, we investigate the relationship between social identity, specifically caste identity in India, and perceptions of self-worth as measured by the amounts that individuals consider as remunerative earnings from self-employment. We also investigate if institutional change (e.g. a policy intervention such as an employment guarantee program, or change in the ruling party in power) mitigates this relationship. Finally, we examine the relationship between caste identity and actual earnings, and how institutional change can influence it. Our main finding is that caste identity in contemporary India does shape perceptions of self-worth. Among the fully self-employed, we find that controlling for other characteristics, lower-ranked groups earn lower amounts and perceive lower amounts as being remunerative. Further, institutional factors alter self-perceptions differentially for different caste groups, but in more nuanced ways than our ex-ante beliefs.

     

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    hdl: 10419/147884
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 10198
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  13. Identity, perceptions and institutions
    caste differences in earnings from self-employment in India
    Erschienen: August 2016
    Verlag:  Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; no.259
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  14. Bad karma or discrimination?
    male-female wage gaps among salaried workers in India
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  CDE, New Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; 243
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (49 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. The impact of MGNREGA on agricultural outcomes and the rural labour market
    a matched DID approach
    Erschienen: June 2017
    Verlag:  Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; no.277
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten)
  16. Drivers of student performance
    evidence from higher secondary public schools in Delhi
    Erschienen: [2018]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    We examine the role of teachers and students in the formation of grade 12 test scores in public schools in Delhi. There is substantial variation in teacher and student quality within schools. Over the period spanning grades 11 and 12, being taught by... mehr

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    We examine the role of teachers and students in the formation of grade 12 test scores in public schools in Delhi. There is substantial variation in teacher and student quality within schools. Over the period spanning grades 11 and 12, being taught by a standard deviation better than average teacher raises test scores by 0.373 standard deviation; being a standard deviation better than average student raises it by 0.799 standard deviation. Being tenured positively predicts teacher effectiveness, while educational qualifications, training, experience and personality traits have no predictive power. Relative to families where only fathers earn, those where both parents earn negatively predict student effectiveness, while religion, caste and parents' education have no predictive power. There is some evidence that principals' rating of teachers and value added measures of teacher quality are positively correlated. We recommend teacher compensation be based in-part on ex-post evaluation of value-added measures and principal ratings.

     

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    hdl: 10419/180665
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 231
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  17. Drivers of student performance
    evidence from higher secondary public schools in Delhi
    Erschienen: July 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; no.289
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
  18. Drivers of student performance
    evidence from higher secondary public schools in Delhi
    Erschienen: July 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    We examine the role of teachers and students in the formation of test scores at the higher secondary level (grade 12) in public schools in Delhi, India. Using the value added approach, we find substantial variation in teacher and student quality... mehr

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    We examine the role of teachers and students in the formation of test scores at the higher secondary level (grade 12) in public schools in Delhi, India. Using the value added approach, we find substantial variation in teacher and student quality within schools: over the period spanning grades 11 and 12, being taught by a one standard deviation better than average teacher raises test scores by 0.373 standard deviation; and being a one standard deviation better than average student raises it by 0.799 standard deviation. Being permanent (tenured) positively predicts teacher effectiveness, while educational qualifications, training, experience and personality traits have no predictive power. Relative to families where only fathers earn, those where both parents earn negatively predict student effectiveness, while religion, caste and parents' education have no predictive power.

     

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    hdl: 10419/185130
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11670
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. The effect of metro rail on air pollution in Delhi
    Erschienen: 2013
    Verlag:  CDE, New Delhi

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / Centre for Development Economics, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics ; 229
    Schlagworte: Öffentlicher Nahverkehr; Luftverschmutzung; Delhi; Indien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (35 S.)
  20. Perceptions and labor market outcomes of immigrants in Australia after 9/11
    Autor*in: Goel, Deepti
    Erschienen: 2009
    Verlag:  Forschungsinst. zur Zukunft der Arbeit, Bonn

    I examine whether after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 Muslim immigrants and immigrants who fit the Muslim Arab stereotype in Australia perceive a greater increase in religious and racial intolerance and discrimination compared to other... mehr

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    I examine whether after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 Muslim immigrants and immigrants who fit the Muslim Arab stereotype in Australia perceive a greater increase in religious and racial intolerance and discrimination compared to other immigrant groups. I also examine whether there is a differential change in their labor market outcomes. I find that after 9/11 there is a greater increase in the likelihood of Muslim men and of those who look like Muslims to report a lot of religious and racial intolerance and discrimination relative to other immigrants. Further, I do not find evidence that after 9/11 Muslims or their stereotypes show a differential change in the likelihood of looking for a new main job or of being employed. There is also no evidence of a differential change in hours worked or in wage incomes. This suggests that the Australian labor market did not react to attitudinal changes in society, at least in the immediate aftermath of 9/11. -- Discrimination ; immigrants ; September 2001 ; 9/11

     

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    hdl: 10419/35842
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 4356
    Schlagworte: Migranten; Araber; Islam; Ethnische Diskriminierung; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung; Australien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (33 S.)
  21. The effect of metro expansions on air pollution in Delhi
    Erschienen: 2015
    Verlag:  World Bank Group, Development Economics Vice Presidency, Operations and Strategy Team, Washington, DC

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    Schriftenreihe: Policy research working paper ; 7448
    Schlagworte: Luftreinhaltung; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik; Schienenpersonennahverkehr; Delhi; Indien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (70 S.), graph. Darst.