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  1. Sweet unbinding: sugarcane cultivation and the demise of foot-binding
    Autor*in: Cheng, Nora; Fan, Elliott; Wu, Tsong-Min
    Erschienen: January 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study investigates the sudden disappearance of foot-binding, a costly custom practiced for centuries in China and Taiwan prior to its demise. We estimate the numbers of women who unbound their feet in response to the rapid growth of the... mehr

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    This study investigates the sudden disappearance of foot-binding, a costly custom practiced for centuries in China and Taiwan prior to its demise. We estimate the numbers of women who unbound their feet in response to the rapid growth of the sugarcane cultivation in Taiwan in the early 20th century, growth which boosted the demand for female labor relative to male labor. Cross-township variations based upon multiple history datasets indicate that cane cultivation had a strong and robust effect on unbinding. The IV estimations utilizing cane railroads - lines built exclusively for cane transportation - support a causal interpretation of the estimated effect. This finding implies that a change in gender-specific labor productivity can help eliminate costly norms against women, and it also provides additional support for the argument that foot-binding was incentivized by economic motives. We also present evidence lending credit for the conventional hypothesis of foot-binding as a form of marriage competition.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232828
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14076
    Schlagworte: foot-binding; social norms; gender roles; sugarcane
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Understanding the mechanisms of parental divorce effects on child's higher education
    Autor*in: Chen, Yen-Chien; Fan, Elliott; Liu, Jin-tan
    Erschienen: February 2021
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We combine multiple administrative datasets from Taiwan to evaluate the degree to which the adverse divorce effect on the child's higher education operates through deprivation of economic resources. Using one million siblings, we find that parental... mehr

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    We combine multiple administrative datasets from Taiwan to evaluate the degree to which the adverse divorce effect on the child's higher education operates through deprivation of economic resources. Using one million siblings, we find that parental divorce occurring at ages 13-18 significantly decreased the likelihood of university admission at age 18. Among the same siblings, we find that those who experienced parental job loss (due to firm closure) occurring at the same ages did not suffer a declined likelihood of university admission, although parental job loss led to a significant and persistent reduction in family income. After carefully examining the compatibility of the parental divorce effect and parental job-loss effect, we conclude that reduced income is unlikely a major mechanism delivering the parental divorce effect. Further examinations show that boys and girls are equally susceptible, and younger teenagers are more susceptible than the more mature ones, to parental divorce.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232874
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14122
    Schlagworte: parental divorce; parental job loss; college admission
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Understanding the mechanisms of parental divorce effects on child's higher education
    Autor*in: Chen, Yen-chien; Fan, Elliott; Liu, Jin-tan
    Erschienen: May 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 25886
    Schlagworte: Scheidung; Kinder; Bildung; USA
    Umfang: 35 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  4. The intergenerational behavioural consequences of a socio-political upheaval
    Autor*in: Booth, Alison L.; Meng, Xin; Fan, Elliott; Zhang, Dandan
    Erschienen: 03 December 2018
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research ; DP13354
    Umfang: 40 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  5. The intergenerational behavioural consequences of a socio-political upheaval
    Autor*in: Booth, Alison L.; Meng, Xin; Fan, Elliott; Zhang, Dandan
    Erschienen: [2019]
    Verlag:  The Australian National University, Acton ACT, Australia

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic History, The Australian National University ; no. 2019, 02 (February 2019)
    Schlagworte: Preferences; Behavioural Economics; Cultural Revolution
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. How does gender quota shape gender attitudes?
    Autor*in: Chen, Yen-Chien; Fan, Elliott; Ho, Yu-hsin; Lee, Matthew Yi-hsiu; Liu, Jin-tan
    Erschienen: July 2023
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Starting in 2002, each electoral district in Taiwan is required to reserve one seat for women out of every four seats at the local councils, creating a 'zigzag' function of female councilors proportion across districts. Using this function, we... mehr

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    Starting in 2002, each electoral district in Taiwan is required to reserve one seat for women out of every four seats at the local councils, creating a 'zigzag' function of female councilors proportion across districts. Using this function, we estimate the effects of exposure to female political leadership on gender attitudes and behaviors. For son preference, we find that the gender quota reduced the propensity for parents with two daughters to give a third-parity birth, whereas there is no such effect on parents with two children of other sex compositions. This finding is confirmed by the evidence of self-reported son preference revealed in survey data. We further find that the gender quota encouraged female high school graduates to attempt college admission and pursue a college major in law or political science, which commonly prepare students to develop a career in politics. The gender quota also empowers married women to play a more active role in multiple household decisions. Our findings support the hypothesis that female political leaders perform as role models who elicit more egalitarian gender attitudes from women.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279029
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16331
    Schlagworte: gender quota; son preference; gender role model; gender norms
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The intergenerational behavioural consequences of a socio-political upheaval
    Autor*in: Booth, Alison L.; Meng, Xin; Fan, Elliott; Zhang, Dandan
    Erschienen: November 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Social scientists have long been interested in the effects of social-political upheavals on a society subsequently. A priori, we would expect that, when traumas are brought about by outsiders, within-group behaviour would become more collaborative,... mehr

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    Social scientists have long been interested in the effects of social-political upheavals on a society subsequently. A priori, we would expect that, when traumas are brought about by outsiders, within-group behaviour would become more collaborative, as society unites against the common foe. Conversely, we would expect the reverse when the conflict is generated within-group. In our paper we are looking at this second form of upheaval, and our measure of within-group conflict is the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution (CR) that seriously disrupted many aspects of Chinese society. In particular, we explore how individuals' behavioural preferences are affected by within-group traumatic events experienced by their parents or grandparents. Using data from a laboratory experiment in conjunction with survey data, we find that individuals with parents or grandparents affected by the CR are less trusting, less trustworthy, and less likely to choose to compete than their counterparts whose predecessors were not direct victims of the CR.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/193285
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11991
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Is the ‘quarter of birth’ endogenous?
    evidence from one million siblings in Taiwan
    Autor*in: Fan, Elliott; Liu, Jin-tan; Chen, Yen-chien
    Erschienen: 2014

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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; 20444
    Schlagworte: Geburt; Zeit; Kalendereffekt; Bildungsniveau; Junge Erwachsene; Studium; Westdeutsche Bundesländer; Taiwan
    Umfang: 43 S., graph. Darst.
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  9. Women rule
    preferences and fertility in Australian households
    Autor*in: Fan, Elliott; Maitra, Pushkar
    Erschienen: 2010
    Verlag:  Monash Univ., Dep. of Eocnomics, Clayton

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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / Monash University, Department of Economics ; 10,57
    Schlagworte: Fertilität; Familienplanung; Frauen; Intertemporale Entscheidung; Familienleistungsausgleich; Australien
    Umfang: Online-Ressource (32 S., 583,58 Kb), graph. Darst.
  10. Gender differences in willingness to compete
    the role of culture and institutions
    Autor*in: Booth, Alison L.; Fan, Elliott; Meng, Xin; Zhang, Dandan
    Erschienen: November 2016
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    In the laboratory experiment reported in this paper we explore how evolving institutions and social norms, which we label 'culture', change individuals' preferences and behaviour in mainland China. From 1949 China experienced dramatic changes in its... mehr

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    In the laboratory experiment reported in this paper we explore how evolving institutions and social norms, which we label 'culture', change individuals' preferences and behaviour in mainland China. From 1949 China experienced dramatic changes in its socio-economic institutions. These began with communist central planning and the establishment of new social norms, including the promotion of gender equality in place of the Confucian view of female 'inferiority'. Market-oriented reforms, begun in 1978, helped China achieve unprecedented economic growth and at the same time Marxist ideology was gradually replaced by the acceptance of individualistic free-market ideology. During this period, many old traditions crept back and as a consequence social norms gradually changed again. In our experiment we investigate gender differences in competitive choices across different birth cohorts of individuals who, during their crucial developmental-age, were exposed to one of the two regimes outlined above. In particular we investigate gender differences in competitive choices for different birth cohorts in Beijing using their counterparts in Taipei (subject to the same original Confucian traditions) to control for the general time trend. Our findings confirm: (i) that females in Beijing are significantly more likely to compete than females from Taipei; (ii) that Beijing females from the 1958 birth cohort are more competitive than their male counterparts as well as more competitive than later Beijing birth cohorts; and (iii) that for Taipei there are no statistically significant differences across cohort or gender in willingness to compete. In summary, our findings confirm that exposure to different institutions and social norms during the crucial developmental age changes individuals' behaviour. Our findings also provide further evidence that gender differences in economic preferences are not innately determined.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/149223
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 10364
    Schlagworte: Risikopräferenz; Geschlecht; Experiment; Verhaltensökonomik; China
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Gender differences in willingness to compete
    the role of culture and institutions
    Autor*in: Booth, Alison L.; Fan, Elliott; Meng, Xin; Zhang, Dandan
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP 11629
    Schlagworte: Risikopräferenz; Geschlecht; Experiment; Verhaltensökonomik; China
    Umfang: 46 Seiten, Illustrationen
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