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  1. Bad Lighting
    Effects of Youth Indoor Tanning Prohibitions
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Churchill, Brandyn F.; Marcus, Michelle M.
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Indoor tanning beds (ITBs) emit UV light at high intensity and have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization since 2009. We are the first to study the role of state laws prohibiting youths from indoor tanning using a... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    Indoor tanning beds (ITBs) emit UV light at high intensity and have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization since 2009. We are the first to study the role of state laws prohibiting youths from indoor tanning using a difference-in-differences research design. We find that youth ITB prohibitions reduced population search intensity for tanning-related information. Among white teen girls, ITB prohibitions reduced self-reported indoor tanning and increased sun protective behaviors. We also find that youth ITB prohibitions significantly reduced the size of the indoor tanning market by increasing tanning salon closures and reducing tanning salon sales

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w29443
    Schlagworte: Jugendliche; Gesundheitspolitik; Wirkungsanalyse; USA
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  2. Effects of direct care provision to the uninsured
    evidence from federal breast and cervical cancer programs
    Autor*in: Bitler, Marianne; Carpenter, Christopher
    Erschienen: August 2019
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (26140)
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26140
    Schlagworte: Krebskrankheit; Frauen; Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung; Armut; USA
    Umfang: 63 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  3. Economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States
    first estimates from a nationally representative sample
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Lee, Maxine J.; Nettuno, Laura
    Erschienen: February 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We provide the literature's first estimates of economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey. We find that transgender women -... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    We provide the literature's first estimates of economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey. We find that transgender women - individuals who were assigned male at birth but who identify as female - are significantly less likely to be employed, have higher poverty rates, are more likely to have public health insurance, and report greater food insecurity compared to otherwise similar cisgender men. Differences between non-cisgender individuals who were assigned female at birth and cisgender women are smaller. Non-cisgender Black individuals fare significantly worse than non-cisgender white individuals, regardless of sex assigned at birth. Our results demonstrate the precarious economic position of gender minority populations in America.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252240
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15116
    Schlagworte: transgender; gender minority; economic outcomes; Household Pulse Survey
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Reducing sexual-orientation discrimination
    experimental evidence from basic information treatments
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Dolls, Mathias; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: 01 January 2022
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP16852
    Schlagworte: Sexual minorities; information treatments; discrimination; Attitudes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Reducing sexual-orientation discrimination
    experimental evidence from basic information treatments
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Dolls, Mathias; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We study basic information treatments regarding sexual orientation using randomized experiments in three countries with strong and widespread anti-gay attitudes: Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants who received information about the economic... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 63
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    We study basic information treatments regarding sexual orientation using randomized experiments in three countries with strong and widespread anti-gay attitudes: Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants who received information about the economic costs to society of sexual-orientation discrimination were significantly more likely than those in a control group to support equal employment opportunities based on sexual orientation. Information that the World Health Organization (WHO) does not regard homosexuality as a mental illness increased social acceptance of sexual minorities, but only for those who reported trust in the WHO. Our results have important implications for policy makers aiming to expand the rights of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people worldwide.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252023
    Schriftenreihe: CESifo working paper ; no. 9506 (2022)
    Schlagworte: sexual minorities; information treatments; discrimination; attitudes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Reducing sexual-orientation discrimination
    experimental evidence from basic information treatments
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Dolls, Mathias; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, [London, United Kingdom]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; no. 263
    Schlagworte: sexual minorities; information treatments; discrimination; attitudes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Understanding labor market discrimination against transgender people
    evidence from a double list experiment and a survey
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Billur; Carpenter, Christopher; Sansone, Dario
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using a US nationally representative sample and a double list experiment designed to elicit views free from social desirability bias, we find that anti-transgender labor market attitudes are significantly underreported. After correcting for this... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    Using a US nationally representative sample and a double list experiment designed to elicit views free from social desirability bias, we find that anti-transgender labor market attitudes are significantly underreported. After correcting for this concealment, we report that 73 percent of people would be comfortable with a transgender manager and 74 percent support employment non-discrimination protection for transgender people. We also show that respondents severely underestimate the population level of support for transgender individuals in the workplace, and we find that labor market support for transgender people is significantly lower than support for gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Our results provide timely evidence on workplace-related views toward transgender people and help us better understand employment discrimination against them.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265763
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15542
    Schlagworte: Homosexualität; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; Arbeitsplatz; Meinung; USA; labor market discrimination; transgender people; double list experiment
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 92 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Understanding Labor Market Discrimination Against Transgender People
    Evidence from a Double List Experiment and a Survey
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Billur; Carpenter, Christopher; Sansone, Dario
    Erschienen: September 2022
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Using a US nationally representative sample and a double list experiment designed to elicit views free from social desirability bias, we find that anti-transgender labor market attitudes are significantly underreported. After correcting for this... mehr

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    Standort:
    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    Using a US nationally representative sample and a double list experiment designed to elicit views free from social desirability bias, we find that anti-transgender labor market attitudes are significantly underreported. After correcting for this concealment, we report that 73 percent of people would be comfortable with a transgender manager and 74 percent support employment non-discrimination protection for transgender people. We also show that respondents severely underestimate the population level of support for transgender individuals in the workplace, and we find that labor market support for transgender people is significantly lower than support for gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Our results provide timely evidence on workplace-related views toward transgender people and help us better understand employment discrimination against them

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w30483
    Schlagworte: Homosexualität; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; Arbeitsplatz; Meinung; USA; General
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  9. Cigarette taxes and smoking among sexual minority adults
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Sansone, Dario
    Erschienen: January 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    W 1 (26692)
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26692
    Schlagworte: Zigarette; Konsumentenverhalten; Tabaksteuer; Sexualität; USA
    Umfang: 25 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  10. Intended and unintended effects of banning menthol cigarettes
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Nguyen Hai Van
    Erschienen: February 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (26811)
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26811
    Schlagworte: Zigarette; Rauchen; Konsumentenverhalten; Tabak; Preis; Kanada
    Umfang: 64 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  11. Do laws shape attitudes?
    evidence from same-sex relationship recognition policies in Europe
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Tran, Kevin
    Erschienen: 14 January 2020
    Verlag:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    LZ 161
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Schriftenreihe: Array ; DP14309
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Effects of the Affordable Care Act dependent coverage mandate on health insurance coverage for individuals in same-sex couples
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Gonzales, Gilbert; McKay, Tara; Sansone, Dario
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    A large body of research documents that the 2010 dependent coverage mandate of the Affordable Care Act was responsible for significantly increasing health insurance coverage among young adults. No prior research has examined whether sexual minority... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    A large body of research documents that the 2010 dependent coverage mandate of the Affordable Care Act was responsible for significantly increasing health insurance coverage among young adults. No prior research has examined whether sexual minority young adults also benefitted from the dependent coverage mandate, despite previous studies showing lower health insurance coverage among sexual minorities and the fact that their higher likelihood of strained relationships with their parents might predict a lower ability to use parental coverage. Our estimates from the American Community Surveys using difference-in-differences and event study models show that men in same-sex couples age 21-25 were significantly more likely to have any health insurance after 2010 compared to the associated change for slightly older 27 to 31-year-old men in same-sex couples. This increase is concentrated among employer-sponsored insurance, and it is robust to permutations of time periods and age groups. Effects for women in same-sex couples and men in different-sex couples are smaller than the associated effects for men in same-sex couples. These findings confirm the broad effects of expanded dependent coverage and suggest that eliminating the federal dependent mandate could reduce health insurance coverage among young adult sexual minorities in same-sex couples.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/216431
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13119
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Effects of the Affordable Care Act dependent coverage mandate on health insurance coverage for individuals in same-sex couples
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Gonzales, Gilbert; McKay, Tara; Sansone, Dario
    Erschienen: April 2020
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    W 1 (26978)
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    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26978
    Schlagworte: Krankenversicherung; Versicherungsschutz; Junge Erwachsene; Homosexualität; Wirkungsanalyse; USA
    Umfang: 47 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  14. Reducing sexual-orientation discrimination: experimental evidence from basic information treatments
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Dolls, Mathias; Windsteiger, Lisa
    Erschienen: January 2022
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study basic information treatments regarding sexual orientation using randomized experiments in three countries with strong and widespread anti-gay attitudes: Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants who received information about the economic... mehr

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signatur:
    DS 4
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    We study basic information treatments regarding sexual orientation using randomized experiments in three countries with strong and widespread anti-gay attitudes: Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants who received information about the economic costs to society of sexual-orientation discrimination were significantly more likely than those in a control group to support equal employment opportunities based on sexual orientation. Information that the World Health Organization (WHO) does not regard homosexuality as a mental illness increased social acceptance of sexual minorities, but only for those who reported trust in the WHO. Our results have important implications for policy makers aiming to expand the rights of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people worldwide.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/250659
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14998
    Schlagworte: sexual minorities; information treatments; discrimination; attitudes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. "There She Is, Your Ideal" Negative Social Comparisons and Health Behaviors
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Churchill, Brandyn F.
    Erschienen: April 2023
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We provide novel evidence on the role of negative social comparisons in population health behaviors by exploiting variation in Miss America and Miss USA beauty pageant winners. We show that there was more front-page newspaper coverage and more... mehr

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

    Standort:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Fernleihe:
    keine Fernleihe

     

    We provide novel evidence on the role of negative social comparisons in population health behaviors by exploiting variation in Miss America and Miss USA beauty pageant winners. We show that there was more front-page newspaper coverage and more pageant-related internet search behavior following a home-state win. Teen girls and pageant-aged women with home-state winners were more likely to report that they were trying to lose weight, and pregnant women gained less gestational weight. We do not detect meaningful changes for teen boys, young adult men, or older women for whom social comparisons were plausibly less salient

     
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    Schriftenreihe: NBER working paper series ; no. w31156
    Schlagworte: Frauen; Wettbewerb; Ästhetik; Körpergewicht; Soziale Norm; Verhalten; Gesundheitsrisiko; USA; Health
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Bemerkung(en):

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  16. Cigarette taxes and smoking among sexual minority adults
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Sansone, Dario
    Erschienen: January 2020
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We provide the first quasi-experimental evidence on the relationship between cigarette taxes and sexual minority adult smoking by studying individuals in same-sex households (a large share of whom are in same-sex romantic relationships) from the... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    keine Fernleihe

     

    We provide the first quasi-experimental evidence on the relationship between cigarette taxes and sexual minority adult smoking by studying individuals in same-sex households (a large share of whom are in same-sex romantic relationships) from the 1996-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We find that cigarette taxes significantly reduced smoking among men and women in same-sex households, and the effects we find for men in same-sex households are significantly larger than the associated effects for men in different-sex households (the vast majority of whom are heterosexual married/partnered men). This result suggests that the sizable disparities in adult smoking rates between heterosexual and sexual minority men would have been even larger in the absence of stricter tobacco control policy. In line with previous research indicating that cigarette taxes have 'lost their bite', we find no significant relationship between cigarette taxes and sexual minority smoking in more recent years.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215311
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12915
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Sexual orientation and earnings in New Zealand
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Dasgupta, Kabir; Plum, Alexander
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  [Auckland University of Technology], [Auckland, New Zealand]

    We provide the first evidence on sexual orientation and earnings in New Zealand (NZ), one of the most inclusive countries for LGBTQ+ people in the world. We use confidential linked census-tax data to compare outcomes for individuals in same-sex... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 769
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    We provide the first evidence on sexual orientation and earnings in New Zealand (NZ), one of the most inclusive countries for LGBTQ+ people in the world. We use confidential linked census-tax data to compare outcomes for individuals in same-sex couples versus different-sex couples. We find patterns of earnings differentials in NZ that are strikingly similar to those documented in other developed countries: men in same-sex couples earn about 7.5 percent less than otherwise similar men in different-sex couples while women in same-sex couples earn about 6 percent more than otherwise similar women in different-sex couples.

     
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284667
    Schriftenreihe: Economics working paper series / Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, AUT ; 2023, 05
    Schlagworte: sexual orientation; earnings; New Zealand; administrative taxdata; population census
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  18. Do laws shape attitudes?
    evidence from same-sex relationship recognition policies in Europe
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Tran, Kevin
    Erschienen: 4 September 2018
    Verlag:  CentER, Center for Economic Research, Tilburg

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 37 (2018,28)
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    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper / CentER, Center for Economic Research ; no. 2018, 028
    Schlagworte: Public opinion; Same-sex relationship recognition policies; LGBT attitudes
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Gay glass ceilings
    sexual orientation and workplace authority in the United Kingdom
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Frank, Jeff; Huffman, Matt L.
    Erschienen: July 2018
    Verlag:  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, [London, United Kingdom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; no. 218
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  20. Do laws shape attitudes?
    evidence from same-sex relationship recognition policies in Europe
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Tran, Kevin
    Erschienen: August 2018
    Verlag:  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, [London, United Kingdom]

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; no. 219
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Do laws shape attitudes?
    evidence from same-sex relationship recognition policies in Europe
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Tran, Kevin
    Erschienen: August 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    Understanding whether laws shape or simply reflect citizens' attitudes is important but empirically difficult. We provide new evidence on this question by studying the relationship between legal same-sex relationship recognition policies (SSRRPs) and... mehr

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    Understanding whether laws shape or simply reflect citizens' attitudes is important but empirically difficult. We provide new evidence on this question by studying the relationship between legal same-sex relationship recognition policies (SSRRPs) and attitudes toward sexual minorities in Europe. Using data from the European Social Surveys covering 2002-2016 and exploiting variation in the timing of SSRRPs across countries, we show that legal relationship recognition is associated with statistically significant improvements in attitudes toward sexual minorities. These effects are widespread across demographic groups, emerge only after the policies are adopted, and are not observed for views on other social issues. Our results suggest that laws can exert a powerful influence in shaping societal attitudes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/185203
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11743
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Effects of access to legal same-sex marriage on marriage and health
    evidence from BRFSS
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Eppink, Samuel T.; Gonzales, Gilbert; McKay, Tara
    Erschienen: June 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24651
    Schlagworte: Homosexualität; Ehe; Gesundheitsvorsorge; Private Krankenversicherung; USA
    Umfang: 57 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  23. Gay glass ceilings
    sexual orientation and workplace authority in the UK
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Frank, Jeff; Huffman, Matt L.
    Erschienen: May 2018
    Verlag:  IZA, Bonn, Germany

    A burgeoning literature has examined earnings inequalities associated with a minority sexual orientation, but far less is known about sexual orientation-based differences in access to workplace authority - in contrast to well-documented gender and... mehr

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    A burgeoning literature has examined earnings inequalities associated with a minority sexual orientation, but far less is known about sexual orientation-based differences in access to workplace authority - in contrast to well-documented gender and race-specific differences. We provide the first large-scale evidence on this question using confidential data from the 2009-2014 UK Integrated Household Surveys (IHS) (N = 607,709). We are the first to document that gay men and lesbians are significantly more likely to have objective measures of workplace authority compared to otherwise similar heterosexual men and women. However, we also find clear evidence that gay men face glass ceilings: their higher likelihood of attaining workplace authority is driven entirely by their significantly higher odds of being low-level managers. In fact, gay men are significantly less likely than comparable heterosexual men to be in the highest-level managerial positions that come with higher status and pay. Oaxaca decompositions suggest that this differential access to workplace authority for gay men is due to discrimination as opposed to different skills and characteristics. Moreover, this "gay glass ceiling" is stronger for racial minorities than for whites. Corresponding effects for lesbians exist but are notably weaker. These results provide the first direct evidence of social stratification in the workplace associated with a minority sexual orientation and reveal that differences are exacerbated for individuals with multiple marginalized identities.

     
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    hdl: 10419/180592
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 11574
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  24. Do "all-age" bicycle helmet laws work?
    evidence from Canada
    Autor*in: Carpenter, Christopher; Warman, Casey
    Erschienen: May 2018
    Verlag:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Schriftenreihe: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24644
    Schlagworte: Fahrrad; Verkehrssicherheit; Kanada
    Umfang: 51 Seiten, Illustrationen
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  25. Do laws shape attitudes?
    evidence from same-sex relationship recognition policies in Europe
    Autor*in: Aksoy, Cevat Giray; Carpenter, Christopher; Haas, Ralph de; Tran, Kevin
    Erschienen: 2018
    Verlag:  DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin

    Understanding whether laws shape or simply reflect citizens' attitudes is important but empirically difficult. We provide new evidence on this question by studying the relationship between legal same-sex relationship recognition policies (SSRRPs) and... mehr

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Understanding whether laws shape or simply reflect citizens' attitudes is important but empirically difficult. We provide new evidence on this question by studying the relationship between legal same-sex relationship recognition policies (SSRRPs) and attitudes towards sexual minorities in Europe. Using data from the European Social Surveys covering 2002-2016 and exploiting variation in the timing of SSRRPs across countries, we show that legal relationship recognition is associated with a statistically significant increase in favourable attitudes towards sexual minorities. These effects are widespread across demographic groups, emerge only after the policies are adopted, and are not observed for views on other social issues. Our results suggest that laws can exert a powerful influence on societal attitudes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/190789
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion papers / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ; 1772
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen