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  1. Choose the school, choose the performance
    new evidence on the determinants of student performance in eight European countries
    Autor*in: Bonacini, Luca; Brunetti, Irene; Gallo, Giovanni
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study aims to identify the main determinants of student performance in reading and maths across eight European Union countries (Austria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, and Slovenia). Based on student-level data from the... mehr

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    DS 565
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    This study aims to identify the main determinants of student performance in reading and maths across eight European Union countries (Austria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, and Slovenia). Based on student-level data from the OECD’s PISA 2018 survey and by means of the application of efficient algorithms, we highlight that the number of books at home and a variable combining the type and location of their school represent the most important predictors of student performance in all of the analysed countries, while other school characteristics are rarely relevant. Econometric results show that students attending vocational schools perform significantly worse than those in general schools, except in Portugal. Considering only general school students, the differences between big and small cities are not statistically significant, while among students in vocational schools, those in a small city tend to perform better than those in a big city. Through the Gelbach decomposition method, which allows measuring the relative importance of observable characteristics in explaining a gap, we show that the differences in test scores between big and small cities depend on school characteristics, while the differences between general and vocational schools are mainly explained by family social status.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236625
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 905
    Schlagworte: Gelbach decomposition; Education inequalities; Machine learning; PISA; Schooling tracking; Student performance
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Even more discouraged?
    the NEET generation at the age of COVID-19
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Brunetti, Irene; Mussida, Chiara; Schicchitano, Sergio
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper evaluates if and to what extend the risk of becoming Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) has worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. The analysis is based on a unique dataset from the merging of two sample surveys, the... mehr

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    This paper evaluates if and to what extend the risk of becoming Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) has worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. The analysis is based on a unique dataset from the merging of two sample surveys, the Italian Labor Force Survey and the Institutional Quality Index dataset. We find that the probability of being NEET significantly increased during the pandemic, but heterogeneously between age cohorts and geographical areas. The most affected categories have been young people (aged 25-34) and those living in North-West regions. Females are mostly affected compared to males, especially those experiencing motherhood and living in a Southern province. Investment in education reduces the NEET status, mainly for age-group 25-34 in the South. Participation in the civil society significantly reduces the probability to being NEET. Finally, active policies conducted at regional level are a further educational investment that protect from becoming NEET, although their effectiveness is not significant in the Southern regions. We provide novel evidence to inform policymakers and help building evidence-based policies, tailored on local needs.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/235028
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 863
    Schlagworte: NEET; Covid-19 pandemic; quality institutions; Italian provinces
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Who lost the most?
    distributive effects of COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Aina, Carmen; Brunetti, Irene; Mussida, Chiara; Scicchitano, Sergio
    Erschienen: 2021
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper investigates what happened to the wage distribution in Italy during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows which categories of workers and economic sectors have suffered more than others and to what extent both the actual level... mehr

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    This paper investigates what happened to the wage distribution in Italy during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows which categories of workers and economic sectors have suffered more than others and to what extent both the actual level of smart-working and the ability to Working From-Home can influence the wage distribution. We use a unique dataset relying on the merging of two sample surveys: the Italian Labor Force Survey set up by National Institute of Statistics and the Italian Survey of Professions conducted by the National Institute for Public Policy Analysis. We estimate quantile regression models accounting for selection. First, the findings reveal that the pandemic has affected the wages of the whole workers, but the effect is higher at the bottom of the wage distribution. Second, the actual working from home mitigates the negative distributional consequences of the COVID-19 observed for those at the bottom of the wage distribution. However, the advantage of workers at the bottom tail of the wage distribution seems to lessen in the long term once the health emergency is passed. Third, looking at sectoral heterogeneity, retail and the restaurant are the most hit sectors in terms of wage loss. Fourth, separating by gender, men have been mostly hit by the pandemic, particularly at lowest deciles, though they benefited more from working at home at higher deciles. Finally, women appear as the one that in the long run would benefit more from increasing working from home possibility.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/233481
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 829
    Schlagworte: Wage inequality; COVID-19; Working from home; Quantile regression
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Peer interactions, local markets, and wages
    evidence from Italy
    Autor*in: Brunetti, Irene; Intraligi, Valerio; Ricci, Andrea; Vittori, Claudia
    Erschienen: [2023]
    Verlag:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This paper investigates the relationship between the spatial distribution of occupations with a high content of peer interactions and wages among Italian provinces. At this aim, we use a unique employer-employee dataset obtained by merging... mehr

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    This paper investigates the relationship between the spatial distribution of occupations with a high content of peer interactions and wages among Italian provinces. At this aim, we use a unique employer-employee dataset obtained by merging administrative data on wages and labor market histories of individuals, with survey data on job tasks and contents. The spatial distribution of jobs intensive in peer-interactions is further measured according to the occupational structure of Italian provinces. The econometric analysis shows that the concentration of peer interactions leads to higher wages at the province level. These results are robust to firms and workers' heterogeneity and endogeneity issues.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/268454
    Schriftenreihe: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1235
    Schlagworte: Peer interactions; Wages; Agglomeration externalities
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Did COVID-19 (permanently) raise the demand for "teleworkable" jobs?
    Autor*in: Bratti, Massimiliano; Brunetti, Irene; Corvasce, Alessandro; Maida, Agata; Ricci, Andrea
    Erschienen: April 2024
    Verlag:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This study leverages detailed administrative data on firms' job flows and variation across Local Labor Markets (LLMs) in the spread of COVID-19 to investigate shifts in labor demand prompted by the pandemic. To this end, we exploit the large spatial... mehr

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    This study leverages detailed administrative data on firms' job flows and variation across Local Labor Markets (LLMs) in the spread of COVID-19 to investigate shifts in labor demand prompted by the pandemic. To this end, we exploit the large spatial variation in the intensity of the pandemic observed in Italy. Namely, we investigate the effect of COVID-19 intensity on the composition of new hires in terms of jobs suitable for "working from home" (WFH), which emerged as a new standard during the pandemic. Our results reveal a significant increase in teleworkable-job hires in LLMs that were more severely hit by the pandemic, primarily driven by permanent contracts. An event study analysis uncovers substantial heterogeneity over time. Indeed, the effect was short-term and lasted only for two semesters after the pandemic's outbreak. Although this shift was transitory, by involving permanent hires, it had persistent effects on the structure of the workforce. An effect-heterogeneity analysis shows that effects were greater on the demand for female and younger workers and hires of larger firms, of service firms, and of those located in Northern Italy.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
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    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/295929
    Schriftenreihe: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16906
    Schlagworte: working from home; telework; labor demand; COVID-19; Italy
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen