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  1. Is it riskier to meet 100 people outdoors or 14 people indoors?
    comparing public and expert perceptions of COVID-19 risk
    Autor*in: Timmons, Shane; Belton, Cameron A.; Robertson, Deirdre A.; Barjaková, Martina; Lavin, Ciarán; Julienne, Hannah; Lunn, Pete
    Erschienen: December 18, 2020
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    How do people perceive and integrate multiple contextual risk factors for COVID-19 infection? We elicited risk perceptions from a nationally representative sample of the public (N = 800) using three psychologically-distinct tasks. Responses were... mehr

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    How do people perceive and integrate multiple contextual risk factors for COVID-19 infection? We elicited risk perceptions from a nationally representative sample of the public (N = 800) using three psychologically-distinct tasks. Responses were compared to a sample of medical experts who completed the same tasks. The public underestimated the risk associated with environmental factors (such as whether a gathering takes place indoors or outdoors) and the implications when multiple risk factors are present. Our results are consistent with a heuristic simply to 'avoid people' and with a coarse (e.g. 'safe or unsafe') classification of social settings. A further task, completed only by the general public sample, generated novel evidence that when the risk of infection competes against a risk in another domain (e.g. a different medical risk), people perceive a lower likelihood of contracting the virus. The results have implications for public health communications and psychological theory.

     
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/237960
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 689 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Infektionskrankheit; Risikopräferenz; Menschen; Experten; Vergleich; Online-Befragung; Irland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Behavioural pre-testing of COVID Tracker, Ireland's contact-tracing app
    Autor*in: Julienne, Hannah; Lavin, Ciarán; Belton, Cameron A.; Barjaková, Martina; Timmons, Shane; Lunn, Pete
    Erschienen: December 3, 2020
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    Contact-tracing mobile phone apps have the potential to play a role in controlling the spread of COVID-19, but their success hinges on widespread uptake by the public. We report a study that behaviourally pre-tested COVID Tracker, Ireland's... mehr

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    Contact-tracing mobile phone apps have the potential to play a role in controlling the spread of COVID-19, but their success hinges on widespread uptake by the public. We report a study that behaviourally pre-tested COVID Tracker, Ireland's contact-tracing app, prior to its launch with a large sample of smartphone users. The study was funded by the Department of Health and run in co-operation with the app's developers, NearForm. Participants were randomised to receive different versions of a trial app. They responded to an online survey while downloading and using the app on their phones in real time. The experimental manipulations focused on three broad areas: (i) the level of privacy assurance provided in the app, (ii) the goal-framing of the purpose of the app and (iii) the structuring of the exposure notification received by users if they are recorded as a close contact. Almost one in five participants mentioned privacy concerns in relation to their likelihood of downloading the app. Including additional assurances regarding the privacy of users' data in the app successfully lowered participants' privacy concerns and boosted engagement. This finding fed into the final version of the app released in July 2020. We also found minor beneficial effects of restructuring the exposure notification, but did not find any significant differences between two different types of goal-framing, other than a subtle effect on how the exposure notification is interpreted. Overall, our results demonstrate the value of pre-testing contact-tracing apps from a behavioural perspective to boost uptake, trust and participation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237958
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 687 (December 2020)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Infektionsschutz; Mobile Anwendung; Datenschutz; Konsumentenverhalten; Experiment; Irland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Smart choices?
    an experimental study of smart meters and time-of-use tariffs in Ireland
    Autor*in: Belton, Cameron A.; Lunn, Pete
    Erschienen: July 24, 2019
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    The introduction of smart technology and dynamic tariffs (such as time-of-use tariffs) provides multiple potential benefits for electricity markets. However, time-of-use tariffs represent an additional complexity for consumer tariff choices in... mehr

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    The introduction of smart technology and dynamic tariffs (such as time-of-use tariffs) provides multiple potential benefits for electricity markets. However, time-of-use tariffs represent an additional complexity for consumer tariff choices in electricity markets. How well consumers may choose between different types of tariffs, and whether certain tools can improve these choices, are therefore important questions for energy regulators and policy makers. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study that used experimental behavioural science to explore the issue of consumer choice in electricity markets for time-of-use tariffs. A representative sample of consumers (n= 145) were given information about smart meters and time-of-use tariffs. Attitudes towards smart meters and comprehension and choice quality between different types of electricity tariffs (judged against participants' own perceptions of their electricity usage) was measured through a sequence of experimental tasks. Findings suggest that a general aversion to time-of-use tariffs may lead to sub-optimal choices between different types of tariffs. Participants were also asked to choose between different priced time-of-use tariffs via an experimental price comparison site. Tools which facilitate personalised estimated costs were shown to significantly improve decision-making between such tariffs. Potential policy implications, in light of these findings, are discussed.

     
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    Quelle: Verbundkataloge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Online
    Weitere Identifier:
    hdl: 10419/228280
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 633 (July 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Motivating social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic
    an online experiment
    Autor*in: Lunn, Pete; Timmons, Shane; Belton, Cameron A.; Barjaková, Martina; Julienne, Hannah; Lavin, Ciarán
    Erschienen: April 3, 2020
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic will save lives. We tested communication strategies to promote social distancing via an online experiment (N = 500) commissioned by Ireland's Department of Health. A control group saw a current... mehr

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    Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic will save lives. We tested communication strategies to promote social distancing via an online experiment (N = 500) commissioned by Ireland's Department of Health. A control group saw a current informational poster. Two treatment groups saw similar posters with messages that highlighted: (i) the risk of transmission to identifiable persons vulnerable to COVID-19; (ii) the exponential nature of transmission. We then measured judgements of behaviours previously identified by focus groups as "marginal" (meaning that people were not sure whether they were advisable, such meeting others outdoors, or visiting parents). We recorded intention to undertake behaviours and stated acceptability of behaviours. Our hypotheses, that both treatments would increase participants' caution about marginal behaviours, were preregistered (i.e. lodged with an international organisation for open science before data collection). Results confirmed the hypotheses. The findings suggest that the thought of infecting vulnerable people or large numbers of people can motivate social distancing. This has implications for communications strategies. The study also demonstrates an effective way to identify outcome variables for rapid behavioural research on the COVID-19 response.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237930
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 658 (April 2020)
    Schlagworte: Coronavirus; Experiment; Kommunikation; Verhaltensökonomik; Infektionsschutz
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Interventions to increase physical activity in disadvantaged communities
    a review of behavioural mechanisms
    Autor*in: Gormley, Laura; Belton, Cameron A.; Lunn, Pete; Robertson, Deirdre A.
    Erschienen: December 18, 2019
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    Physical inactivity is now a significant driver of health and social inequalities among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities and poses a major challenge to policymakers, worldwide. Although a vast amount of research has focused on designing... mehr

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    Physical inactivity is now a significant driver of health and social inequalities among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities and poses a major challenge to policymakers, worldwide. Although a vast amount of research has focused on designing and evaluating interventions to increase physical activity, there remains little consensus on which interventions are likely to work. In this narrative review, we build on previous reviews by not only examining what interventions tend to work but by trying to understand why certain interventions tend to work, while others do not, through the lens of behavioural science. We present a behavioural framework through which the existing body of physical activity research could be viewed, in order to identify potentially effective mechanisms that would be likely to work in their intended domain. Our analysis finds that while there is evidence that the physical and educational environment matter for increasing levels of physical activity, interventions are more likely to be successful where they involve a social component. We conclude that a behaviourally informed physical activity intervention would thus employ a set of focused educational and socially-mediated behavioural mechanisms, within an appropriate physical environment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/228291
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 646 (December 2019)
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten)
  6. Using decision aids to support self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Autor*in: Lunn, Pete; Timmons, Shane; Julienne, Hannah; Belton, Cameron A.; Barjaková, Martina; Lavin, Ciarán; McGowan, Féidhlim
    Erschienen: May 29, 2020
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    Self-isolation is a vital element of efforts to contain COVID-19. We report an online experiment with a nationally representative sample (N=500) that tested behaviourally informed decision aids to support self-isolation. The experiment had three... mehr

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    Self-isolation is a vital element of efforts to contain COVID-19. We report an online experiment with a nationally representative sample (N=500) that tested behaviourally informed decision aids to support self-isolation. The experiment had three stages that tested interventions designed to help individuals to: (i) decide whether they need to self-isolate; (ii) be confident in their ability to self-isolate should they need to; and (iii) manage a household in which an individual needs to selfisolate. Relative to prevailing public health advice, displaying decision trees improved participants' decisions about when selfisolation was necessary, although they systematically underestimated the need to self-isolate in the presence of less common COVID-19 symptoms (e.g. sore throat, fatigue). Interaction with an online planning tool increased confidence about coping with self-isolation among adults aged under 40. Presenting advice in the form of infographics improved recall and comprehension of how to manage self-isolation. The study demonstrates how public health policy can benefit from behavioural pre-testing of interventions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237935
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 664 (May 2020)
    Schlagworte: Selbstorganisation; Soziale Ausgrenzung; Infektionskrankheit; Coronavirus; Coping-Strategie
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Eliciting trade-offs between water charges and service benefits in Scotland
    Autor*in: Belton, Cameron A.; Lavin, Ciarán; Lunn, Pete
    Erschienen: March 11, 2020
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    If it is the responsibility of a regulatory body to decide where to prioritise future investment, then it is important to understand the priorities of the citizenry it represents. This paper, in collaboration with the OECD and the Scottish water... mehr

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    If it is the responsibility of a regulatory body to decide where to prioritise future investment, then it is important to understand the priorities of the citizenry it represents. This paper, in collaboration with the OECD and the Scottish water industry, presents the results of an online (n= 500) and face-to-face laboratory (n= 99) study that utilised experimental behavioural science to explore how Scottish citizens trade-off costs and potential improvements to their water service. Participants’ priorities for investment were elicited using a novel ‘slider task’ methodology that forced them to explicitly consider the trade-offs required to allocate limited resources across multiple possible water service improvements. The provision of additional cost and timing information was systematically varied. Results suggest that citizens are increasingly accepting of price rises when provided this information. Results also suggest that citizens’ priorities for specific improvements are not sensitive to the costs of different improvements but are sensitive to the lengths of time improvements take to be made. Findings from this study are designed to inform the regulatory process of the Scottish water industry and highlight the potential role of behavioural science in regulation more generally.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237927
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 655 (March 2020)
    Schlagworte: Wasserpreis; Experiment; Befragung; Schottland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. An experimental study of attitudes to changing water charges in Scotland
    Autor*in: Belton, Cameron A.; Robertson, Deidre A.; Lunn, Pete
    Erschienen: March 11, 2020
    Verlag:  ESRI, Dublin

    If an aim of a regulatory body is to act on behalf of the views of its citizenry, then it is important to understand what those views are. This paper, in collaboration with the OECD and the Scottish water industry, presents the results of an online... mehr

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    If an aim of a regulatory body is to act on behalf of the views of its citizenry, then it is important to understand what those views are. This paper, in collaboration with the OECD and the Scottish water industry, presents the results of an online (n= 500) and face-to-face laboratory (n= 100) study that utilised experimental behavioural science to explore how the provision and presentation of future price change information influences Scottish citizens' acceptance of water price changes. Participants were asked to rate different patterns of price rises for their water charges. The pattern, presentation, magnitude of price rises and the provision of additional cost information (designed to simplify the calculations of future costs) was manipulated across tasks and participants. Results from this study suggest that Scottish citizens are generally accepting of price rises in the short and medium terms. However, the patterns of price rises, and the way in which information is presented, can influence these attitudes, suggesting that consumers do not always accurately integrate sequential price rises over time. Findings from this study are designed to inform the regulatory process of the Scottish water industry and highlight the potential role of behavioural science in regulation more generally.

     
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    hdl: 10419/237926
    Schriftenreihe: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 654 (March 2020)
    Schlagworte: Wasserpreis; Experiment; Befragung; schottland
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen