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Displaying results 226 to 250 of 183210.

  1. Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea: an ecocritical reading
    Author: Ismailinejad, Zahra Sadat
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: The present paper seeks to analyze Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea in the light of the theory of ecocriticism. Ecocriticism focuses on the relationships of individuals with nature and how their interactions are portrayed in a literary work.... more

     

    Abstract: The present paper seeks to analyze Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea in the light of the theory of ecocriticism. Ecocriticism focuses on the relationships of individuals with nature and how their interactions are portrayed in a literary work. Ecocritics consider nature as an active participant in literary works that possesses agency. Throughout history, religion and industrial developments affected nature and man’s relation to it. Religion put so much value on man that he ventured to destroy nature for his own good and industrialism estranged man from nature to the extent that now nature and culture or civilization are two different entities. Nature and wild life turn into the objects in the hand of modern culture and technology. Wide Sargasso Sea shows how agent of culture, Mr. Rochester exploits and dominates Antoinette as agent of nature since he lost his connection with nature as a native of an industrial country like England. As a woman she is more harmonious with nature as nature

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Roman; Natur; Individuum; Kultur; Technologie; Zivilisation; Ökologie; Rhys; J.; Ökokritizismus; Ökokratismus
  2. Gauri as woman protagonist in Mulk Raj Anand's novel
    Author: Yadav, Shashi
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Through this novel "Gauri" Mulk Raj Anand expresses his indisputable concern for the suffering humanity of India. It forces one to ask a few questions about the Indian character of woman. We call the woman as "Mother", "Goddess" and claim... more

     

    Abstract: Through this novel "Gauri" Mulk Raj Anand expresses his indisputable concern for the suffering humanity of India. It forces one to ask a few questions about the Indian character of woman. We call the woman as "Mother", "Goddess" and claim that our society always been given due respect to women. At the same time, we also beat them ablaze or turn them out of the house. Mulk Raj Anand's novel Gauri eloquently exposes the hypocrisy of our society. It not only voices a strong protest against ill treatment of women but also explores through the example of Gauri what woman in India should do for her emancipation

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Indien; soziales Dilemma; Transformation; Frau; Menschheit; Mythos; Chauvinismus; Aberglaube; Emanzipation; Erzählung; sozialer Wandel; Mann
  3. The impact of autocracy on Ibn Moataz's poem
    Author: Hosein, Ali; Ramezani, Robabeh; Asghari, Matikalaee
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: It is not an easy task to learn complicated political and social situation of Abbasid history and its impact on the behavior of kingdom and ruling classes. Prince Abdullah ibn Moataz is a poet and author and one-night king who entered... more

     

    Abstract: It is not an easy task to learn complicated political and social situation of Abbasid history and its impact on the behavior of kingdom and ruling classes. Prince Abdullah ibn Moataz is a poet and author and one-night king who entered poetry and literature by autocracy spirit. There are issues like description, wine, glory, pray and epics in his poets, his book namely Al-Badie (Niche) and his proses. He is a poet born in political strangulation and observed assigning and withdrawing frequent Abbasid rulers by Turk commanders including the murderer of his father. Then, by his mother's ingenuity, he resorted to poetry and literature. He never forgot these bitter memories. However, it was not only influential in his one-day administration, but also it caused his homicide like previous Caliphs. In present paper, in terms of ibn Moataz's autocratic basis is technically analyzed by his complete poetical works. Also his Shahnameh - type approach on some poetical themes such as description

     
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    DDC Categories: 890
    Subjects: Literatur; Diktatur; Dichtung; Psychoanalyse; Intertextualität; Abbasiden
  4. Interpretation of dreams and Kafka's a country doctor: a psychoanalytic reading
    Author: Mirmobin, Sara; Shabanirad, Ensieh
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Dreams are so real that one cannot easily distinguish them from reality. We feel disappointed after waking up from a fascinating dream and rejoice to wake up knowing the nightmare is ended. In some literary works the line between fancy and... more

     

    Abstract: Dreams are so real that one cannot easily distinguish them from reality. We feel disappointed after waking up from a fascinating dream and rejoice to wake up knowing the nightmare is ended. In some literary works the line between fancy and reality is blurred as well, so it provides the opportunity to ponder on them psychologically. The plot of some of the poems, novels, novellas, dramas and short stories is centered on the minds, thoughts, or generally speaking, human psyche. This essay elaborates upon the "nightmarish"-rather than dreamlike-story, Kafka's A Country Doctor, by applying psychological approach. It seeks to discuss the interpretation of some of the incidents of the story according to Freud's "The Interpretations of Dreams". Also, the id, ego and superego, the three parts of Freudian psychic apparatus, as well as their identification with the related characters are discussed

     
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    DDC Categories: 830
    Subjects: Literatur; Freud; S.; Traum; Deutung; Psychoanalyse; Kafka; F.
  5. Collapsing time, chaotic consciousness: reading Don DeLillo's Point Omega from the perspective of postmodern gothic
    Author: Ramin, Zohreh; Ghafoori, Mina
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: The intense concerns with time, space and consciousness structure modernist and postmodernist Gothic narratives with the elements been treated much differently in these periods from the previous ages, owing to the hypotheses of great... more

     

    Abstract: The intense concerns with time, space and consciousness structure modernist and postmodernist Gothic narratives with the elements been treated much differently in these periods from the previous ages, owing to the hypotheses of great twentieth and twenty first century philosophers such as Henri Bergson, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre, later to be followed by Gilles Deleuze, for whom the linear spatialized concept of time and the traditional notions of space and consciousness are no more than ideal speculations and to whom the existential views of time, space and consciousness make reasonable substitutes. Don DeLillo's Point Omega is among the postmodern works which touch upon philosophical contemplations on metaphysical dilemmas such as the meaning of true life, ultimate consciousness, unanimity of perception and reality, and extraterrestrial concepts of time and space. It is set in a traumatized present, outside of history while the very absence of future an

     
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    DDC Categories: 810
    Subjects: Literatur; Bewusstsein; Zeit; Wahrnehmung; Raum; Realität; Postmoderne; Chaos; Philosophie
  6. Demon lovers versus damsels in distress: an archetypal reading of Robert Browning's my last duchess and Porphyria's lover
    Author: Afsari, Nasim; Omrani, Elham
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Each literary work has a world of its own and discovering this world may seem undemanding and straightforward. By contrast, the realm of a literary work might be loaded with hints for a reader who has established a harmonious relationship... more

     

    Abstract: Each literary work has a world of its own and discovering this world may seem undemanding and straightforward. By contrast, the realm of a literary work might be loaded with hints for a reader who has established a harmonious relationship with that world. The world depicted by the work may well encourage this reader to pass from the surface meaning toward the heart of the idea. This paper tries to reveal the secondary layer of meaning in two poems by Robert Browning, My Last Duchess and Porphyria's Lover, by focusing on the archetypal elements implemented in them. The recent study explores the archetypal characters playing their roles in the poem by focusing on old archetypes such as the Soul Mate, Damsel in Distress, Innocent youth and Demon Lover. Then it elaborates on the archetypal motifs or patterns such as immortality and scapegoat. Furthermore, the last part of discussion elaborates on Jung's principal archetypes (shadow, persona, and anima) and his theory of individuation

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Motiv; Dichtung; Verhaltensmuster; Archetypus; Browning; R.; Charaktere
  7. "Everything in me lies"
    Author: Ghasemi, Parvin; Falasiri, Razieh S.
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: In Sam Shepard's plays, America is full of traditional and mythical symbols. He uses these emblems in order to subvert their meanings and manifest the discrepancies between characters' living in the West and the realities they confront. In... more

     

    Abstract: In Sam Shepard's plays, America is full of traditional and mythical symbols. He uses these emblems in order to subvert their meanings and manifest the discrepancies between characters' living in the West and the realities they confront. In his play, A Lie of the Mind, Sam Shepard reflects on the traditional meanings of myth and the erasure of them in the postmodern societies. Furthermore, the postmodern universe in these three plays is bombarded with representation and distortions of reality, and hyperreality which make reality be masked and obscure. The characters enter in simulations of reality after accepting the fact that the true reality doesn't exist. As a matter of fact, myths are not real; they are simulations of the past myths. Media with its glamorous and captivating power is of the most influential mediums in constructing the hyper real

     
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    Subjects: Literatur; Tradition; Mythos; Realität; Gesellschaft; Medien; USA; Postmoderne; Shepard; S.
  8. Constructive power and discordant discourses in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra
    Author: Mohamadi, Abolfazl
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: The present paper aims to focus on how the circuit of different discourses in Alexandria and Rome contributes to the subject formation in Antony and Cleopatra. Identity, which acts as trap in this play, precipitates the characters from two... more

     

    Abstract: The present paper aims to focus on how the circuit of different discourses in Alexandria and Rome contributes to the subject formation in Antony and Cleopatra. Identity, which acts as trap in this play, precipitates the characters from two different countries or contexts into a war through creating binarized categories with heterogeneous possibilities. Mark Antony - one of the Triumvirs of Rome in search for self-actualization strives against his country’s discourse in the beginning, he places himself in the warring discourses of Rome and Alexandria. When in Alexandria, he is inside the discourses of Rome, and when in Rome, he is inside the discourses of Alexandria. Like the nature of the signifier as it can happen and be determined by other contexts, Antony retains references to Rome when he is Alexandria, and establishes himself as a subject and makes his signification possible in this foreign country by relating himself to epicurean concepts other than his own former stoic attit

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Identität; Widerstand; Leistung; Diskurs; Epikureismus; Stoizismus; Shakespeare; W.
  9. Instinct or society?: a Rouseauist analysis of corruption in William Golding's Lord of the flies
    Author: Al-Zamili, Adnan
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: The present study argues that William Golding's Lord of the Flies can be read as a manifest for the natural degeneration of human beings, and that human beings are violent and competent by nature. In doing so, the present article, firstly,... more

     

    Abstract: The present study argues that William Golding's Lord of the Flies can be read as a manifest for the natural degeneration of human beings, and that human beings are violent and competent by nature. In doing so, the present article, firstly, draws upon the Hobbesian philosophy of human nature and how it is in conflict with the related ideas of Rousseau. The article, then, analyzes certain elements of the novel so as to show the Hobbesian ideas behind the novel where there is a society of children and the upcoming relations of power and individual desires. The article afterwards argues that human nature, against what the author declares in the Hot Gates (1965) as the degenerated human nature, is not naturally degenerating, but through society this savagery of human being takes place. Ideas of Rousseau are then used thereupon for backing this very argument. Golding's novel launces attack on Rousseau's ideas that society is the agent of corruption in beings

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Instinkt; Roman; Gesellschaft; Korruption; Rousseau; J.
  10. Ruth and de-valuation of the values of Victorian period
    Author: Moqari, Shaqayeq; Elahipanah, Nooshinn
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: The novel Ruth by Elizabeth Gaskell is a novel which deconstructs the values of the Victorian society. In fact this novel devalues the values of this period by bucking the system of Victorian norms and values. This is manifested in the... more

     

    Abstract: The novel Ruth by Elizabeth Gaskell is a novel which deconstructs the values of the Victorian society. In fact this novel devalues the values of this period by bucking the system of Victorian norms and values. This is manifested in the change of Ruth from a naïve to mature girl through her fall. In fact her fall makes her wise. When she dies she is given a funeral which is given to a virtuous woman. Her funeral is a slap on the face of the Victorian ideals of goodness and badness. This tells us that the values should be revised when such a person is not that much bad while she is considered bad. Gaskell devalues the values of Victorian society through her heroine’s migration and her living under a false name to teach us a lesson as to how shaky the Victorian ideas are and should be checked again. In fact, this novel has contributed, though little, to the way a woman like Ruth should be viewed

     
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    Subjects: Erzählung; Literatur; Wert; Wertorientierung; Gaskell; E.
  11. General aspects regarding the phenomenon of alcoholism in literature
    Author: Timofte, Daniel; Colibaba, Stefan; Ciobica, Irina; Ciobica, Alin
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: In this paper we followed the links that are established between alcohol consumption and writing, and especially on how creativity and alcohol consumption are related. Thus, we will discuss the effects of drinking, as demonstrated until... more

     

    Abstract: In this paper we followed the links that are established between alcohol consumption and writing, and especially on how creativity and alcohol consumption are related. Thus, we will discuss the effects of drinking, as demonstrated until now, on the creative flow, and we will try to provide a substantial number of case examples of brilliant creative minds, that had been either diagnosed as being alcoholics or just known to be heavy drinkers. Our article will also comment on the general and particular theories that refer to this much discussed and somewhat controversial subject

     
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    DDC Categories: 810
    Subjects: Literatur; Schreiben; Alkoholkonsum; Kreativität; Alkoholismus
  12. Racial awareness in Phillis Wheatley's selected poems
    Author: Mani, Manimangai
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Slavery in America began when Africans were brought in as slaves to the North American Colony of Jamestown Virginia around 1619. Slavery in America lasted for almost four hundred years though the trade was legally abolished by Britain in... more

     

    Abstract: Slavery in America began when Africans were brought in as slaves to the North American Colony of Jamestown Virginia around 1619. Slavery in America lasted for almost four hundred years though the trade was legally abolished by Britain in March 1807 (Walvin 163). Although the trade ended, slavery itself continued to survive. Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) is considered the first prominent Black writer in the United States to publish a book of imaginative writing. She is also the first to start the African-American literary tradition, as well as the African-American women literary tradition. Her work, which was derivative, was published in the collection, Poems on Various Subjects (1773) and in various magazines. Her choice of words was mostly biblical where it helped to camouflage her view on slavery. This paper intends to show that all of Wheatley's poems actually carried the theme of freedom. She has intelligently used this theme to articulate her desires in a subtle manner. On the

     
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    Subjects: Literatur; Bewusstsein; Freiheit; Rassismus; Sklaverei; USA; Dichtung; Eskapismus
  13. Florescence of revolution in Shafaq's poetry
    Author: Kamaladdini, Seied Mohammad Bagher
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Blossoms of Persian poetry, although inspired by the pure nature, gradually took the attractive qualities of mysticism. In traditions, the Holy Quran is called the burgeoning of hearts and the greatest prophet (peace be upon him) is... more

     

    Abstract: Blossoms of Persian poetry, although inspired by the pure nature, gradually took the attractive qualities of mysticism. In traditions, the Holy Quran is called the burgeoning of hearts and the greatest prophet (peace be upon him) is referred to as the burgeoning of souls. Spring in Persian literature is sometimes the symbol of improvement and deliverance and at other times is considered as the symbol of the afterlife. Actually, this is the highest symbol of spring in Persian literature.Desert land of Yazd bears fragrant flowers, in spite of its natural wrath, tickles the taste of souls of the pious people. One of these scented flowers is the deceased Behjati whose pen name is "Shafaq" and spring in his poetry possessed the qualities of revolution. Current study is going to address this concept in his poetry.The article was conducted with an analytical-descriptive method using bibliographic resources

     
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    DDC Categories: 890
    Subjects: Literatur; Iran; Dichtung; Symbol
  14. The autobiographical novels of Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette and Virginia Woolf: a comparative study
    Author: Ladani, Safoura Tork; Ladani, Zahra Jannessari
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Autobiographical mode of writing informs the works of many novelists, consciously or unconsciously. There are, however, diverse techniques for formulating these conscious or unconscious autobiographical interpolations in literary works.... more

     

    Abstract: Autobiographical mode of writing informs the works of many novelists, consciously or unconsciously. There are, however, diverse techniques for formulating these conscious or unconscious autobiographical interpolations in literary works. This essay aims to study the works of Sidonie-Gabreille Colette and Virginia Woolf to trace the nuances of the autobiographical mode in two contemporary female writers from different nations. We do not aim at proving that these two writers deploy the autobiographical mode in their writings, but how similar and different their autobiographical techniques in the creation of fiction are. Therefore, Colette's and Woolf's novels, in general, will be compared and contrasted with an eye on their self-defined strategies for the development of autobiographical fiction

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Erzählung; Fiktion; Literatur; Schreiben; Biographie; Schriftsteller; Colette; S.-G.; Woolf; V.
  15. A study of Carter's Wolf-Alice based on showalter's gynocriticism
    Author: Nouri, Azadeh; Aziz Mohammadi, Fatemeh
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: One of the most radical and stylish fiction authors of the 20th century, Angela Carter, expresses her views of feminism through her various novels and fairy tales. Carter began experimenting with writing fairy tales in 1970, which coincided... more

     

    Abstract: One of the most radical and stylish fiction authors of the 20th century, Angela Carter, expresses her views of feminism through her various novels and fairy tales. Carter began experimenting with writing fairy tales in 1970, which coincided with the period of second wave feminism in the Unites States. The majority of Angela Carter's work revolve around a specific type of feminism, radical libertarian feminism and her critique of the patriarchal role that have been placed on women. In this article, the main concentrate is on heroine’s internalized consciousness which echoes in their behavior. All of the female protagonists in carter's short stories; such as The Company of Wolves, and Werewolf and mainly in Wolf-Alice have similar characteristics with different conditions, in which they are represented in a very negative light with less than ideal roles. In these stories, the protagonist is a young girl who has many conflicts with love and desire. Carter attempts to encourage women t

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Erzählung; Feminismus; Emanzipation; Patriarchat; Liebe; Pornographie; Carter; A.
  16. Eve's unEven relationship with Adam: Milton's Paradise Lost in the light of politeness theory
    Author: Ghasemi, Parvin; Kahmini, Mostafa Sadeghi
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Feminists, among others, have found Eve's representation in Milton's Paradise Lost problematic over the last centuries. Some of them consider Eve to be Adam’s inferior while others find traces of egalitarian relationship between them. This... more

     

    Abstract: Feminists, among others, have found Eve's representation in Milton's Paradise Lost problematic over the last centuries. Some of them consider Eve to be Adam’s inferior while others find traces of egalitarian relationship between them. This study uses Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson's Politeness Theory and applies it to the conversations between Adam and Eve prior to the Fall in order to address this issue. It is demonstrated in this article that, before the Fall, Eve always exercises less power than Adam except for a brief moment that she achieves equality

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Höflichkeit; Theorie; Gleichheit; Macht; Bibel; Geschlecht; Vergleich; Feminismus; Literatur; Dichtung; Milton; J.; Paradies
  17. Agape and altruism: a dialogue between science and theology
    Author: Lampe, Peter
    Published: 2015

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  18. Female body and sexual politics in Margaret Atwood's selected novels
    Author: Mirenayat, Sayyed Ali; Soofastaei, Elaheh
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Margaret Atwood is the most prominent Canadian writer. Her feminist ideology is clearly obvious in her novels. She overtly illustrates her feminism view in human rights equality and freedom of choice. Atwood's works are consisted of the... more

     

    Abstract: Margaret Atwood is the most prominent Canadian writer. Her feminist ideology is clearly obvious in her novels. She overtly illustrates her feminism view in human rights equality and freedom of choice. Atwood's works are consisted of the fundamental freedom and human rights. In general, her fictions truly portray the women's rights that are equal to men's rights. Social constructions of gender are attacked by Atwood's novels. Her stories represent the silence and sexual discrimination in female characters. She is not only looking for annihilating of the gender system i.e. women's subjugation, but look at men and women at the same level in society. Female bodies in Atwood's point of view have been captured in patriarchal societies. Female protagonists in the selected novels explain noticeable symbols of bodily nervousness. Female characters are mostly used as objects in Atwood's stories. Women are considered as a tool or toy, as if they have no feelings, opinions or rights of their o

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Sexualität; Geschlechterpolitik; Feminismus; Frau; Viktimisierung
  19. Dream: A Brief Comparative Study of Nerval and Keats
    Author: Abbasi, Pyeaam; Torkladani, Safoora
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Dreams, as reflections of the subconscious, seem to be an essential ingredient of Nerval’s and Keats’s poetry. The two poets show that poetry is an apt place to explore the blurred boundary and continuity between dream and reality. This... more

     

    Abstract: Dreams, as reflections of the subconscious, seem to be an essential ingredient of Nerval’s and Keats’s poetry. The two poets show that poetry is an apt place to explore the blurred boundary and continuity between dream and reality. This idea seems to be in close relation with both poets’ search for identity and inner self. The female figure that, also, appears in many of the two poets’ poms is closely related with the poets’ obsession with dreams in which they seek to ward off depression and find proof for imagination. Nerval and Keats use poetry to understand their dreams and give them shape and meaning. They create mysterious worlds in their poems where dreams and reality are intermingled. In both Nerval and Keats, the significance of dream lies in the fact that it plays the role of a safe haven for the poet who is afraid of the unstable reality and identity. Both seem to seek refuge in dream where a stable identity and a permanent beauty may be found

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Dream; Keats; Nerval; Poetry; Reality
  20. Postmodern narrative techniques in Robert Coover's collection: Pricksongs & Descants
    Author: Abootalebi, Hassan
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: The modes of narration in postmodernist fiction are not identical with those of modernists and realists. They contravene readers' expectations, making them most often astounded and baffled. This study sets out to discuss some of the... more

     

    Abstract: The modes of narration in postmodernist fiction are not identical with those of modernists and realists. They contravene readers' expectations, making them most often astounded and baffled. This study sets out to discuss some of the techniques used by the American writer Robert Coover in his story collection; Pricksongs & Descants (1969) which are associated with postmodernist fiction. These strategies including metafictional techniques, fragmentation, ontological concern, and temporal distortion, will in the subsequent sections of this paper be explicated and elucidated. In this regard, the term postmodernism will be first defined and elaborated, and then some of the salient features of Coover's selected work stated above, will be examined in order to demonstrate the title-mentioned claim. Not all the stories of the collection will in this study be provided an analysis of, but those which are of greater significance and are noticeable in incorporating postmodern strategies

     
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    Subjects: Literatur; Erzählung; Fiktion; Fragmentierung; Ontologie; Postmoderne; Erzähltechnik; Coover; R.
  21. Heteroglossia: Bakhtinian dialogism within a play's monologue
    Author: Hemmati, Shiva; Moslemi, Amir Abbas
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: This study tries to expand the richness of Bakhtin's theory of novel by showing the reader that its thorough features could be traced back in a play rather than a novel, considering it more than what is usually the basis of "historical... more

     

    Abstract: This study tries to expand the richness of Bakhtin's theory of novel by showing the reader that its thorough features could be traced back in a play rather than a novel, considering it more than what is usually the basis of "historical poetics" mainly in the form of a novel accentuating the constitution of a social ideology besides an individual one while gesturing dialogically in the interaction between representation in its textual form and particularities of its proper probable forces in their socio-historical stratifications within notions such as dialogism, intertextuality, heteroglossia and polyphony. To do so a successful Irish play of exuberance is invited to be served by a thinker from the past Soviet. Since the references are written in an artistic language, a language near to a poetic one tries to tinker rationality to irrationality. In the light of O’Halloran's eccentric nostalgia which tries to handle a play all in all monologically from the voice of just a single char

     
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    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Drama; Irland; Sprache; Russland; Dialog; Text; Intertextualität; Polyphonie; Joyce; J.; Monolog; O'Halloran; D.
  22. The Unnoble Nobles: Notes on Shakespeare's Masterful Characterization in Macbeth
    Author: Ramin, Zohreh; Shafinasab, Alireza
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: When writing Macbeth, Shakespeare faced a moral and aesthetic challenge. On the one hand, he had drawn the story of Macbeth from Holinshed's Chronicles, in which Banquo is depicted as an accomplice in the murder of King Duncan. On the other... more

     

    Abstract: When writing Macbeth, Shakespeare faced a moral and aesthetic challenge. On the one hand, he had drawn the story of Macbeth from Holinshed's Chronicles, in which Banquo is depicted as an accomplice in the murder of King Duncan. On the other hand Banquo was believed to be the ancestor of King James, Shakespeare’s patron. Shakespeare had to write a play that at once pleased King James, remained true to the spirit of history, and could be a popular hit in the commercial world of Jacobean theatre, all seemingly contradictory ends because of the problem with the character of Banquo. So Shakespeare characterizes him in a different manner from his sources. The new characterization served a number of purposes. The most important reason for the alternation was to please King James, the alleged descendant of Banquo. Other than that, there is the dramatic purpose of creating a foil character for Macbeth, who can highlight Macbeth's characteristics. The presence of a noble Banquo also shows th

     
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    Subjects: Banquo; Holinshed's Chronicles; Macbeth; Murderer; Noble
  23. Diversity of love relationship in Janette Oke's fictions
    Author: Mirenayat, Sayyed Ali; Soofastaei, Elaheh
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Love is used in different ways in literature. The treatment of love in the love stories of Janette Oke are nearly similar and all show the roles that love plays in life of people and how deal with it. Her novels are among the finest works... more

     

    Abstract: Love is used in different ways in literature. The treatment of love in the love stories of Janette Oke are nearly similar and all show the roles that love plays in life of people and how deal with it. Her novels are among the finest works in Canadian literature without whom the world of Canadian literature would be dark and empty. Love is the eventual weakness, but philosophy, religion and art during time have portrayed it in its place as a way to a higher level of being beyond the pain and transformation of every day. This paper points out to different kinds of love relationship in Oke's fictions

     
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    Source: BASE Selection for Comparative Literature
    Language: English
    Media type: Undefined
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Kanada; Liebe; Romantik; Roman; Fiktion; Partnerbeziehung; Oke; J.
  24. Masculine crisis in Ian McEwan's Enduring Love
    Author: Ramin, Zohreh; Jahanroshan, Shafagh
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: Masculine crisis has always been with men and presented in masculine studies, but it becomes popular in the post modern era after crucial events such as feminism, the world wars, economical problems, etc. The issue of masculinity and... more

     

    Abstract: Masculine crisis has always been with men and presented in masculine studies, but it becomes popular in the post modern era after crucial events such as feminism, the world wars, economical problems, etc. The issue of masculinity and masculine crisis exists in works of Ian McEwan and this study applies masculine crisis on his Enduring Love (1994). Most of McEwan’s characters are men who seek to find their places in post modern era. Thus this paper focuses on masculine crisis which emerges in Joe Rose, the male protagonist of this novel, when the shattering moments in the beginning of the novel threaten his power and authority which is very important in masculinity of men. There is another factor (homophobia) in the novel that leads him toward masculine crisis as well. All through the novel the male character tries to regain his lost authority and power. At the end of the novel, he somehow overcomes masculine crisis. This paper uses Butler's theory of gender and other critics of mas

     
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    Source: BASE Selection for Comparative Literature
    Language: English
    Media type: Undefined
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 820
    Subjects: Literatur; Roman; Geschlecht; Mann; Männlichkeit; Krise; Macht; Autorität; Homophobie; McEwan; E.
  25. Social Ideas in Poetry of Four Female Contemporary Poet (Parvin Etesami, Forough Farokhzad, Tahereh Safarzadeh and Simin Behbahani)
    Author: Izadyar, Mohsen; AzizMohammadi, Fatemeh
    Published: 2015

    Abstract: This artile with social view point is going to study the social thought of Forough’s poem, specially based of female, freedom, tradition and modernity. It focuses on these features of Forough’s poem from a different point of view towards... more

     

    Abstract: This artile with social view point is going to study the social thought of Forough’s poem, specially based of female, freedom, tradition and modernity. It focuses on these features of Forough’s poem from a different point of view towards social issues. This article studies the social meanings of Forough’s poem that are specialized for her. It tries to show the feminism poem which is unique in Iran. After these survey, the article tries to assert that Forough Frokhzad is the most social female poet in Iran; Forough with her courage and boldness used a kind of norm breaking through her poems and speak about social issues. So she could omit some of taboos that belongs to feminine society in Iran

     
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    Source: BASE Selection for Comparative Literature
    Language: English
    Media type: Undefined
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 890
    Subjects: Iran; Dichtung; Frau; Feminismus; Moderne; Tradition; Moral