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  1. Transfer pricing and corporate social responsibility
    arguments, views and agenda
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The central thesis of the paper is that Multinational Companies (MNC) should invest in the use of "soft" methods (socially responsible behavior) to mitigate costs in society accrued due to use of "hardcore" tax evasion tactics (Transfer mispricing)... more

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    The central thesis of the paper is that Multinational Companies (MNC) should invest in the use of "soft" methods (socially responsible behavior) to mitigate costs in society accrued due to use of "hardcore" tax evasion tactics (Transfer mispricing) to maximize profits from operations in developing countries and/or countries with weak or inefficient tax laws and tax collection institutions. Therefore, we articulate the argument of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an indirect compensation for transfer mispricing. Our aim is not to present CSR as solution to transfer mispricing. An analytical approach is based on a content analysis of the existing literature with emphasis on a case study. We first discuss the dark side of transfer pricing (TP), next we present the link between TP and poverty and finally we advance arguments for CSR as a compensation for transfer mispricing. While acknowledging that TP is a legal accounting practice, we argue that in light of its poverty and underdevelopment externalities, the practice per se should be a strong defence for CSR because it is also associated with schemes that deprive developing countries of the capital essential for investment in health, education and development programmes.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204996
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 029
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  2. Tourism and insecurity in the world
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study assesses the role of forces of law and order in modulating the insecurity-tourism nexus in 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. Policy syndromes or insecurity dynamics include: violent crime, access to weapons, political instability... more

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    The study assesses the role of forces of law and order in modulating the insecurity-tourism nexus in 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. Policy syndromes or insecurity dynamics include: violent crime, access to weapons, political instability and perception of criminality while the policy variables of forces of law and order are captured with "security officers & police" and "armed service personnel". The empirical evidence is based on Negative Binomial regressions. The findings show that the policy variables can be effectively used to crowd-out the negative incidence of policy syndromes on tourist arrivals. The results are contingent on net effects (from conditional and unconditional effects), insecurity dynamics and thresholds. A threshold is an inflexion point at which the unfavorable unconditional effect from a policy syndrome of insecurity on tourist arrivals is completely neutralized by policy variables of forces of law and order. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204997
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 028
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  3. Inequality and the economic participation of women in Sub-Saharan Africa
    an empirical investigation
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the effect of inequality on female employment in 42 countries in sub- Saharan Africa for the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. Two indicators... more

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    This study investigates the effect of inequality on female employment in 42 countries in sub- Saharan Africa for the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. Two indicators of gender inclusion are also employed, namely: female employment and female unemployment rates. The empirical analysis is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM).The following main findings are established. First, inequality increases female unemployment in regressions based on the Palma ratio. Second, from the robustness checks, inequality reduces female employment within the frameworks of the Gini coefficient and Palma ratio.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204998
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 027
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten)
  4. Terrorism and social media
    global evidence
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Orim, Stella-Maris I.; Nting, Rexon T.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The study assesses the relationship between terrorism and social media from a cross section of 148 countries with data for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile regressions. The main... more

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    The study assesses the relationship between terrorism and social media from a cross section of 148 countries with data for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile regressions. The main finding is that there is a positive relationship between social media in terms of Facebook penetration and terrorism. The positive relationship is driven by below-median quantiles of terrorism. In other words, countries in which existing levels of terrorism are low are more significantly associated with a positive Facebook-terrorism nexus. The established positive relationship is confirmed from other externalities of terrorism: terrorism fatalities, terrorism incidents, terrorism injuries and terrorism-related property damages. The terrorism externalities are constituents of the composite dependent variable.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204999
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 026
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  5. Natural resource exports, foreign aid and terrorism
    Author: Asongu, Simplice
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Linkages between foreign aid, terrorism and natural resource (fuel and iron ore) exports are investigated in this study. The focus is on 78 developing countries with data for the period 1984 to 2008. The generalised method of moment is employed as... more

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    Linkages between foreign aid, terrorism and natural resource (fuel and iron ore) exports are investigated in this study. The focus is on 78 developing countries with data for the period 1984 to 2008. The generalised method of moment is employed as empirical strategy. Three main foreign aid variables are used for the analysis, namely: bilateral aid, multilateral aid and total aid. The corresponding terrorism variables employed are: domestic terrorism, transnational terrorism, unclear terrorism and total terrorism. The following findings are established. First, the criteria informing the validity of specifications corresponding to iron ore exports do not hold. Second, there is evidence of convergence in fuel exports. Third, whereas the unconditional impacts of aid dynamics are not significant, the unconditional impacts of terrorism dynamics are consistently positive on fuel exports. Fourth, the interaction between terrorism and aid dynamics consistently display negative signs, with corresponding modifying aid thresholds within respective ranges. Unexpected signs are elicited and policy implications discussed. Given the unexpected results, an extended analysis is performed in which net effects are computed. These net effects are constitutive of the unconditional effect from terrorism and the conditional impacts from the interaction between foreign aid and terrorism dynamics. Based on the extended analysis, bilateral aid and total aid modulate terrorism dynamics to induce net positive effects on fuel exports while multilateral aid moderates terrorism dynamics to engender negative net effects on fuel exports. The research improves extant knowledge on nexuses between resources, terrorism and foreign aid.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204993
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 023
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  6. Renewable energy, trade performance and the conditional role of finance and institutional capacity of sub-Sahara African countries
    Author: Akinyemi, Opeyemi; Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Asongu, Simplice; Osabuohein, Evans
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The paper investigates the dynamic relationship between renewable energy usage and trade performance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), while considering the conditioning role of corruption control, regulatory quality, and the private sector access to... more

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    The paper investigates the dynamic relationship between renewable energy usage and trade performance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), while considering the conditioning role of corruption control, regulatory quality, and the private sector access to finance. Focusing on 42 SSA countries for the period 2004-2016, and engaging the System generalized method of moments (GMM) technique for its estimation, this study found a negative relationship between renewable energy usage and the indicators of trade performance. However, with corruption control, improved regulatory framework, and better finance for the private sector, there are potentials for a positive net impact of renewable energy usage on manufacturing export. For renewable energy and total trade nexus, we find that improved regulatory framework and better finance for the private sector are important conditioning structures. These findings are significant because they highlight the different important structures of SSA countries that improve the effect of renewable energy use on trade outcomes. For instance, the consideration of the financial, institutional and regulatory frameworks in SSA countries in conditioning the renewable energy-trade nexus stipulates a clear policy pathway for countries in this region as the debate for transition to the use of renewable energy progresses.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/205002
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 032
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Inequality thresholds, governance and gender economic inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Inequality and gender economic exclusion are major policy concerns facing sub-Saharan Africa in the post-2015 development agenda. The study provides critical masses of inequality that should not be exceeded if governance is to promote gender economic... more

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    Inequality and gender economic exclusion are major policy concerns facing sub-Saharan Africa in the post-2015 development agenda. The study provides critical masses of inequality that should not be exceeded if governance is to promote gender economic participation. The research focuses on 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa using annual data spanning from 2004 to 2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, inequality (i.e. the Gini coefficient) levels that completely nullify the positive effect of governance on female labour force participation are 0.708 for political stability, 0.601 for voice & accountability, 0.588 for government effectiveness, 0.631 for regulatory quality, 0.612 for the rule of law, and 0.550 for corruption control. Second, inequality thresholds at which female unemployment can no longer be mitigated by governance channels include: 0.561 (for political stability) and 0.465 (for the rule of law). Third, inequality levels that completely dampen the positive impact of governance on female employment are 0.608 for political stability, 0.580 for voice & accountability, 0.581 for government effectiveness, and 0.557 for the rule of law. As the main policy implication, for good governance to promote gender economic inclusion, inequality levels should not exceed established thresholds.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205003
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 033
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. How enhancing gender inclusion affects inequality
    thresholds of complementary policies for sustainable development
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates how enhancing gender inclusion affects inequality in 42 African countries for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini... more

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    This study investigates how enhancing gender inclusion affects inequality in 42 African countries for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, and Palma ratio. The two gender inclusion measurements used include female labour force participation and female employment. The following main findings are established. There are positive net effects on inequality from the enhancement of gender inclusion dynamics. An extended threshold analysis is used to assess critical masses at which further increasing gender inclusion enhances inequality. The established thresholds are: (i) 55.555 "employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%)"for the nexus with the Gini coefficient. (ii) 50 "labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+)" and between 50 to 55 "employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%)", for the Atkinson index. (iii) 61.87 "labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+)" for the Palma ratio.These established thresholds are worthwhile for sustainable development because, beyond the critical masses, policy makers should complement the gender inclusion policy with other measures designed to reduce income inequality. Some complementary measures that can be taken on board beyond the established thresholds could focus on enhancing, inter alia: information and communication technology, infrastructural development; financial inclusion and inclusive education.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/205004
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 034
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  9. Inequality, information technology and inclusive education in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Orim, Stella-Maris I.; Nting, Rexon T.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines linkages between inequality, information and communication technology (ICT) and inclusive education in order to establish inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in 42... more

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    This study examines linkages between inequality, information and communication technology (ICT) and inclusive education in order to establish inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004-2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, a Gini coefficient and an Atkinson index of respectively, 0.400 and 0.625 are income inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for internet penetration to positively influence inclusive education. Second, a Gini coefficient, an Atkinson index and a Palma ratio of respectively, 0.574, 0.676 and 9.000 are thresholds of income inequality that if exceeded, fixed broadband subscriptions will no longer positively affect inclusive education. As a main policy implication, the established inequality thresholds should not be exceeded in order for ICT to promote inclusive education in sampled countries. Other implications in the light of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/205005
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 035
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  10. Foreign aid complementarities and inclusive human development in Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study complements existing literature by assessing how various types of foreign aid complement each other in boosting inclusive human development in Africa. (a) When 'aid to social infrastructure' is moderated with other aid types, 'action on... more

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    This study complements existing literature by assessing how various types of foreign aid complement each other in boosting inclusive human development in Africa. (a) When 'aid to social infrastructure' is moderated with other aid types, 'action on debts' is substitutive whereas 'aid to the production sector', 'aid for program assistance' and humanitarian assistance are complementary. (b) 'Aid to the production sector' ('action on debt') is complementary (substitutive) to 'aid for economic infrastructure'. (c) Whereas 'action on debt' is a substitute to 'aid to the production sector', 'aid for social infrastructure' and 'aid for economic infrastructure' are complementary. (d) 'Action on debt' is a substitute for 'aid to the multi-sector'. (e) While 'aid for social infrastructure' and 'action on debt' are substitutive to 'aid for program assistance'; humanitarian assistance is complementary. (f) The following are substitutes to 'action on debt': 'aid for economic infrastructure', 'aid to the production sector', 'aid to the multi-sector' and 'programme assistance'. (g) 'Aid for social infrastructure' and 'programme assistance' are complementary to humanitarian assistance. The findings reveal various patterns that inform policy makers on the relevance of sequencing aid types to enhance inclusive development. Future research should focus on country-specific studies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/204938
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 021
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten)
  11. Taxation, foreign aid and political governance in Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the hypothesis that foreign aid dilutes the positive role of taxation on political governance. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments and 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. For more policy... more

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    This study examines the hypothesis that foreign aid dilutes the positive role of taxation on political governance. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments and 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. For more policy options, the dataset is disaggregated into fundamental characteristics of African development based on income levels, legal origins, natural resources and landlockedness. While the hypothesis is invalid in baseline Africa, low income and English common law countries of the continent, the research cannot conclude on its validity for other fundamental characteristics of development. Policy implications, caveats and directions for future research are discussed.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204939
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 020
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  12. Globalisation and female economic participation in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Tanankem, Belmondo V.; Osabuohien, Evans
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study assesses the relationship between globalisation and the economic participation of women (EPW) in 47 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1990-2013. EPW is measured with the female labour force participation and employment rates.... more

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    This study assesses the relationship between globalisation and the economic participation of women (EPW) in 47 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1990-2013. EPW is measured with the female labour force participation and employment rates. The empirical evidence is based on Panel-corrected Standard Errors and Fixed Effects regressions. The findings show that the positive effect of the overall globalisation index on EPW is dampened by its political component and driven by its economic and social components, with a higher positive magnitude from the former or economic globalisation. For the most part, the findings are robust to the control for several structural and institutional characteristics. An extended analysis by unbundling globalisation shows that the positive incidence of social globalisation is driven by information flow (compared to personal contact and cultural proximity) while the positive effect of economic globalisation is driven by actual flows (relative to restrictions). Pol icy implications are discussed with some emphasis on how to elevate women's social status and potentially reduce their victimisation to male dominance.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204940
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 019
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Ethnic diversity and inequality in sub-Saharan Africa
    do institutions reduce the noise?
    Author: Ajide, Kazeem Bello; Alimi, OlorunfemiY.; Asongu, Simplice
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    Studies on the causes of income differences between the rich and the poor have received an extensive attention in the inequality empirics. While ethnic diversity h asalso been identified as one of the fundamental causes of income inequality, the role... more

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    Studies on the causes of income differences between the rich and the poor have received an extensive attention in the inequality empirics. While ethnic diversity h asalso been identified as one of the fundamental causes of income inequality, the role of institutions as a mediating factor in the ethnicity-inequality nexus has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. To this end, this study complements the existing literature by investigating the extent to which institutional framework corrects the noisy influence originating from the nexus between "ethnic diversity" and inequality in 26 sub -Saharan African countries for the period 1996-2015. The empirical evidence is based on pooled OLS, fixed effects and system GMM estimators. The main findings reveal that the mediating influences of institutional settingsaredefective, thus making it extremely difficult to modulatethe noisy impacts of ethno-linguistic and religious heterogeneity on inequality. In addition, the negative influencesorchestrated by ethnolinguistic and religious diversities on inequality fail toattenuate the impact of income disparityeven when interacted with institutions. On the policy front, institutional reforms tailored toward economic, political and institutional governances should be targeted.

     
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204941
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 018
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Boosting quality education with inclusive human development
    empirical evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the importance of inclusive human development in promoting education quality in a panel of forty-nine Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed... more

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    This study examines the importance of inclusive human development in promoting education quality in a panel of forty-nine Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE) and Quantile Regression (QR) estimations. It is apparent from the OLS and FE findings that inclusive human development has a negative effect on the outcome variable. This negative effect implies that inclusive human development improves education quality. This result should be understood in the light of the fact that the adopted education variable is a negative economic signal given that it is computed as the ratio of pupils to teachers. Therefore, a higher ratio reflects diminishing education quality. From QR, with the exception of the highest quantile, the tendency of inclusive human development in reducing poor quality education is consistent throughout the conditional distribution of poor education quality. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204942
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 017
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  15. The mobile phone, information sharing and financial sector development in Africa
    a quantile regressions approach
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates linkages between the mobile phone, information sharing offices (ISO) and financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. ISO are private credit bureaus and public credit registries. The empirical... more

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    This study investigates linkages between the mobile phone, information sharing offices (ISO) and financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. ISO are private credit bureaus and public credit registries. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. Two main hypotheses are tested: mobile phones complement ISO to enhance the formal financial sector ( Hypothesis 1 ) and mobile phones complement ISO to reduce the informal financial sector ( Hypothesis 2 ). The hypotheses are largely confirmed. This research adds to the existing body of literature by engaging hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development and investigating the role of mobile phones in information sharing for financial sector development.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204943
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 016
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten)
  16. One bad turn deserves another
    how terrorism sustains the addiction to capital flight in Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Nting, Rexon T.; Osabuohien, Evans
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This inquiry assess es if terrorism sustains the capital flight trap and whether the relationship is affected b y varying the levels of governance and globalisation. The empirical evidence is based on interactive Generalised Method of Moments with... more

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    This inquiry assess es if terrorism sustains the capital flight trap and whether the relationship is affected b y varying the levels of governance and globalisation. The empirical evidence is based on interactive Generalised Method of Moments with data from 37 African countries for the period 1996-2010. The followings are established. (1) Evidence of a capital flight trap is apparent because past values of capital flight have a positive effect on future values of capital flight. (2) Terrorism sustains the positive effect of the capital flight trap on capital flight. (3) For the most part (especially with regard to political governance), terrorism sustains the addiction to capital flight in above-median governance sub-samples. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204944
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 015
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  17. Trajectories of knowledge economy in SSA and MENA countries
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Andrés, Antonio R.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-based economy dimensions. The paper... more

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    In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-based economy dimensions. The paper employs all the four components of the World Bank's Knowledge Economy Index (KEI): economic incenti ves , innovation, education, and information infrastructure. The main finding suggests that sub- Saharan African ( SSA ) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries with low levels of KE dynamics and catching-up their counterparts of higher KE levels. We provide the speeds of integration and time necessary to achieve full (100%) integration. Policy implications are also discussed.

     
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    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/204946
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 013
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten)
  18. Multinational oil companies in Nigeria and Corporate Social Responsibility in the HIV/AIDS response in host communities
    Author: Uduji, Joseph I.; Okolo-Obasi, Elda N.; Asongu, Simplice
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    We assess the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Nigeria ' s oil producing communities. One thousand, two hundred households were sampled across the rural communities of... more

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    We assess the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Nigeria ' s oil producing communities. One thousand, two hundred households were sampled across the rural communities of Niger Delta. Using logit model, the main result indicates that General Memorandum of Understandings (GMoUs) have not significantly impacted on factors behind the spread of HIV/AIDS in rural communities. This implies that the impact of the disease on MOCs business, employees and their families, contractors, business partners and the oil communities has not inclined downward. The findings suggest that CSR offers an opportunity for MOCs to help address HIV/AIDS prevalence through a business case for stakeholders' health in the region. It calls for MOCs to improve GMoUs health intervention on sensitization campaigns, funding testing and counselling centers, subsidizing anti-retroviral drugs, prevention of mother- to-child transmission, rehabilitation of orphaned and vulnerable children and other cares for people living with AIDS.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204947
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 012
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Governance, CO2 emissions and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the relevance of government quality in moderating the incidence of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. Environmental degradation is measured... more

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    This study investigates the relevance of government quality in moderating the incidence of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. Environmental degradation is measured with CO2 emissions and the governance dynamics include: political stability, voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulation quality, the rule of law and corruption-control. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. Regulation quality modulates CO2 emissions to exert a net negative effect on inclusive development. Institutional governance (consisting of corruption-control and the rule of law) modulates CO2 emissions to also exert a net negative effect on inclusive human development. Fortunately, the corresponding interactive effects are positive, which indicates that good governance needs to be enhanced to achieve positive net effects. A policy threshold of institutional governance a t which institutional governance completely dampens the unfavourable effect of CO2 emissions on inclusive human development is established. Other policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204948
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 011
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  20. Economic development thresholds for a green economy in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates how increasing economic development affects the green economy in terms of CO2 emissions, using data from 44 countries in the SSA for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the empirical... more

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    This study investigates how increasing economic development affects the green economy in terms of CO2 emissions, using data from 44 countries in the SSA for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the empirical analysis. The following main findings are established. First, relative to CO2 emissions, enhancing economic growth and population growth engenders a U-shaped pattern whereas increasing inclusive human development shows a Kuznets curve. Second, increasing GDP growth beyond 25% of annual growth is unfavorable for a green economy. Third, a population growth rate of above 3.089% (i.e. annual %) has a positive effect of CO2 emissions. Fourth, an inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI) of above 0.4969 is beneficial for a green economy because it is associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. The established critical masses have policy relevance because they are situated within the policy ranges of adopted economic development dynamics.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204949
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 010
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten)
  21. Remittances, finance and industrialisation in Africa
    Author: Efobi, Uchenna Rapuluchukwu; Asongu, Simplice; Okafor, Chinelo; Tchamyou, Vanessa; Voufo, Belmondo Tanankem
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    The paper assesses how remittances directly and indirectly affect industrialisation us ing a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The indirect impact is assessed through financial development channels. The empirical evidence is... more

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    The paper assesses how remittances directly and indirectly affect industrialisation us ing a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The indirect impact is assessed through financial development channels. The empirical evidence is based on three interactive and non-interactive simultaneity-robust estimation techniques, namely: (i) Instrumental Fixed Effects (FE) to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to control for persistence in industrialisation and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of industrialisation. The non-interactive specification elucidates direct effects of remittances on industrialisation whereas interactive specifications explain indirect impacts. The findings broadly show that for certain initial levels of industrialisation, remittances can drive industrialisation through the financial development mechanism. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204950
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 009
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Dynamic determinants of access to weapons
    global evidence
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Nnanna, Joseph
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study investigates the determinants of and persistence in access to weapons using a global sample of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). Hysteresis in access to... more

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    This study investigates the determinants of and persistence in access to weapons using a global sample of 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). Hysteresis in access to weapons is consistently more apparent in countries with below-median levels in access to weapons, compared to their counterparts with above-median levels in access to weapons. The hysteresis hypothesis within this context is the propensity of past values of access to weapons to influence future values of access to weapons. Factors that consistently drive access to weapons are: perceptions of crime; criminality; conflict intensity; political instability; military expenditure, violent demonstrations and terrorism. The effects of these drivers are contingent on initial levels of access to weapons. Policy recommendations for managing access to weapons are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204951
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 008
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten)
  23. Enhancing ICT for quality education in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This research assesses the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in primary education quality in a panel of 49 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Two Stage Least Squares... more

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    This research assesses the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in primary education quality in a panel of 49 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The empirical evidence is based on Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Instrumental Quantile regressions (IQR). From the 2SLS: (i) mobile phone and internet penetration rates reduce poor quality education and enhancing internet penetration has a net negative effect o f greater magnitude. From the IQR: (i) with the exception of the highest quantile for mobile phone penetration and top quantiles for internet penetration, ICT consistently has a negative effect on poor education quality with a non-monotonic pattern. (ii) Net negative effects are exclusively apparent in the median and top quantiles of internet-related regressions. It follows that enhancing internet penetration will benefit countries with above-median levels of poor education quality while enhancing internet penetration is not immediately relevant to reducing poor education quality in countries with below-median levels of poor education quality.

     
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204952
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 007
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten)
  24. Inclusive development in environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa
    insights from governance mechanisms
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This research examines the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the role of governance on environmental degradation. The study focuses on forty-four countries in sub- Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of... more

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    This research examines the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the role of governance on environmental degradation. The study focuses on forty-four countries in sub- Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as the empirical strategy and CO 2 emissions per capita is used to measure environmental pollution. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are employed, notably: political governance (consisting of political stability/no violence and "voice and accountability"), economic governance (encompassing government effectiveness and regulation quality), institutional governance (entailing corruption-control and the rule of law), and general governance (a composite measure of political governance, economic governance and institutional governance). The following main findings are established. First, the underlying net effect in the moderating role of inclusive development in the governance- CO 2 emissions nexus is not significant in regressions pertaining to political governance and economic governance. Second, there are positive net effects from the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the effects of regulation quality, economic governance and general governance on CO 2 emissions. The significant and insignificant effects are elucidated. Policy implications are discussed.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204953
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 006
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)
  25. Intelligence and slave exports from Africa
    Author: Asongu, Simplice; Kodila-Tedika, Oasis
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This article examines the role of cognitive ability or intelligence on slave expor ts from Africa. We test a hypothesis that countries which were endowed with higher levels of cognitive ability were more likely to experience lower levels of slave... more

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    This article examines the role of cognitive ability or intelligence on slave expor ts from Africa. We test a hypothesis that countries which were endowed with higher levels of cognitive ability were more likely to experience lower levels of slave exports from Africa probably due to comparatively better capacities to organise, corporate, oversee and confront slave traders . The investigated hypothesis is valid from alternative specifications involving varying conditioning information sets. The findings are also robust to the control of outliers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/204954
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/19, 005
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten)