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  1. Minimum wage
    global challenges and perspectives
    Contributor: Soares, Sergei (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 09/10/2018
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, United Nations Development Programme, Brasilia, DF - Brazil

    The increase in inequality over the last few decades in most of the world has been a constant source of concern for policymakers and analysts. Inequality can hinder economic growth, reduce well-being and increase poverty. It also fuels social unrest... more

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    The increase in inequality over the last few decades in most of the world has been a constant source of concern for policymakers and analysts. Inequality can hinder economic growth, reduce well-being and increase poverty. It also fuels social unrest and reduces social cohesion. Great attention has been given to the role of fiscal redistribution (or lack thereof) in the inequality debate, but perhaps mechanisms that involve money passing directly from one economic agent to another, rather than through the hands of the State, deserve more attention. In a time of weakened labour unions and decreasing income mobility, can the minimum wage once again shine as a market-friendly and effective policy tool?" (...)

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Soares, Sergei (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/197750
    Series: Policy in focus ; volume 15, issue no. 2 (September 2018)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält 9 Beiträge
  2. Reducing schooling inequality in Brazil
    demographic opportunities and inter-cohort differentials
    Author: Vélez, Carlos Eduardo; Soares, Sergei; Souza, Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de
    Published: dezembro de 2001
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the... more

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    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the distribution of educational endowments of the total labor force. This answer depends on two factors. The first is the demographic composition of the working age population - the weight each cohort has in the 16 to 70 year old population. The second is the distribution of schooling within each cohort - its average educational level and the inequality within each cohort. These two factors - demography and education by cohort - define the average educational level and the distribution of education for the working age population in any given year. This paper takes a standard demographic projection and makes various hypotheses about the evolution of education - both the mean and inequality. According to these hypotheses, we will calculate how long improvements in the schooling of successive cohorts take to translate into significant improvements in the schooling of the working age population. Our results are somewhat pessimistic. We calculate that even very strong departures from the observed trend will take many years or decades to translate into significantly different educational endowments for the working age population. In other words, we show that demographic inertia is a strong factor preventing changes in educational endowments in periods shorter than a few decades.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 850
    Subjects: Bildungsniveau; Schule; Brasilien; Kohortenanalyse
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. A universal child grant in Brazil
    what must we do, and what can we expect from it?
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Ansiliero, Graziela; Amaral, Aline Diniz; Souza, Pedro H. G. Ferreira de; Paiva, Luis Henrique
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG), Brasília, DF, Brazil

    The objective of this paper is to propose a universal child grant for Brazil. We will discuss the rationality behind the proposal, how best to design it, its initial operational set-up,its costs, and some of its distributive aspects. The proposed... more

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    The objective of this paper is to propose a universal child grant for Brazil. We will discuss the rationality behind the proposal, how best to design it, its initial operational set-up,its costs, and some of its distributive aspects. The proposed allowance is based on the unification of the three child allowances that currently exist in the country.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/200622
    Series: Working paper / International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth ; number 181 (April, 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Reducing schooling inequality in Brazil
    demographic opportunities and inter-cohort differentials
    Author: Vélez, Carlos Eduardo; Soares, Sergei; Souza, Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de
    Published: January 2015
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the... more

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    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the distribution of educational endowments of the total labor force. This answer depends on two factors. The first is the demographic composition of the working age population - the weight each cohort has in the 16 to 70 year old population. The second is the distribution of schooling within each cohort - its average educational level and the inequality within each cohort. These two factors - demography and education by cohort - define the average educational level and the distribution of education for the working age population in any given year. This paper takes a standard demographic projection and makes various hypotheses about the evolution of education - both the mean and inequality. According to these hypotheses, we will calculate how long improvements in the schooling of successive cohorts take to translate into significant improvements in the schooling of the working age population. Our results are somewhat pessimistic. We calculate that even very strong departures from the observed trend will take many years or decades to translate into significantly different educational endowments for the working age population. In other words, we show that demographic inertia is a strong factor preventing changes in educational endowments in periods shorter than a few decades.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/220198
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 109 (January 2015)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. A proposal for the unification of social protection benefits for children, youth and those vulnerable to poverty
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Bartholo, Letícia; Osorio, Rafael Guerreiro
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG), Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Social protection policy in Brazil is a historically built patchwork of programmes that pay different values to people in the same situation, leaves many unprotected (in particular, 17 million children) and is fraught with duplications and other... more

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    Social protection policy in Brazil is a historically built patchwork of programmes that pay different values to people in the same situation, leaves many unprotected (in particular, 17 million children) and is fraught with duplications and other inefficiencies. This paper proposes an approach through which all transfers to individuals vulnerable to poverty and children can be brought together within a single framework. The budgets of the Bolsa Família, Abono Salarial and Salário-Família programmes and the child income tax deduction together add up to BRL52 billion (about USD15 billion). With these resources, it is possible to propose a new transfer programme based on a universal child benefit and a targeted extreme poverty grant that will be twice as effective at reducing poverty and inequality as the four existing programmes

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223399
    Series: Working paper / International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth ; number 187 (November, 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. The market value of public education
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: October 2018
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This article estimates the market value of public education by comparing standardized test scores of students in public and private schools. The idea is to assign to the education of each public school student a market value equivalent to the tuition... more

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    This article estimates the market value of public education by comparing standardized test scores of students in public and private schools. The idea is to assign to the education of each public school student a market value equivalent to the tuition paid by private school students with similar test score results. The implementation requires an expenditure survey, or other database to provide information on tuitions, and standardized test scores available for both private and public schools. This article uses Brazilian test score data, which are particularly good. The main results are not surprising. Pre-school, primary, and secondary education are all highly progressive government transfers. Furthermore, since their market value is superior to public expenditures in each of these educational levels, they are also welfare enhancing. The flip side is that public higher education is both highly regressive and welfare reducing.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/220323
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 236 (October 2018)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Inequality in Brazil from 2016 to 2017
    a decomposition exercise and labor market analysis of virtually no change (which is good news)
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: October 2018
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This article uses recently released data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), Brazilian household survey to calculate changes in inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient from 2016 to 2017. A Shorrocks... more

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    This article uses recently released data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), Brazilian household survey to calculate changes in inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient from 2016 to 2017. A Shorrocks decomposition by factor components is also undertaken, as well as a limited analysis of the wage inequality and the labor market contribution to household inequality. The main results are: i) the Gini coefficient fell 0.18 point from 2016 to 2017, going from 54.1 to 53.8, which is a very small reduction in inequality; ii) this reduction is due to the interplay between labor and social protection incomes; and iii) the labor market by itself is playing against reductions in inequality, which shows the relevance of the (still limited and not very progressive) Brazilian social protection system

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/220324
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 237 (October 2018)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Effective rates of protection in Brazil
    from 2000 to 2015
    Author: Bloch, Carolina; Soares, Sergei
    Published: maio 2019
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector... more

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    This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may also be burdened by high tariffs on its inputs, leading to a lower effective tariff. Two series are calculated: 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015. The reason for this is that the National Accounts changed their classification of economic sectors in 2010. Results indicate that: i) effective rates of protection are highly varied in Brazil, according to sector; ii) effective rates of protection have become slightly more homogeneous in the 15 years from 2000 to 2015; and iii) some sectors have seen their rates of protection vary considerably over this fifteen-year period, but most did not.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/220326
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 240 (May 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Distributive impacts of social security financing in Brazil
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Bloch, Carolina
    Published: August 2019
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we... more

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    German Institute for Global and Area Studies, Bibliothek
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    This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates the distributive effect of the different taxes that compose tax revenues. For this, we use concentration coefficients computed by Silveira and Passos (2017) weighted by the importance of each tax in funding social security (basically by distinguishing individual social security contributions from taxes collected by the states and the Union). Our results indicate that the financing of social security in Brazil is only slightly progressive, given that the concentration coefficient of these taxes is not much lower than the Gini coefficient nor than the concentration coefficient of social security benefits.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/220330
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 244 (August 2019)
    Subjects: Sozialpolitik; Soziale Sicherheit; Finanzierung; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Steuereinnahmen
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Mortality from COVID-19 in the US
    did unions save lives?
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Berg, Janine
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    This paper builds on the existing literature on the effect of unionization on OSH by providing an analysis of unionization's effects on COVID-19 mortality. It combines data from the NVSS with the CPS into a unique dataset. It finds that a 10... more

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    This paper builds on the existing literature on the effect of unionization on OSH by providing an analysis of unionization's effects on COVID-19 mortality. It combines data from the NVSS with the CPS into a unique dataset. It finds that a 10 percentage-point increase in unionization is associated with a reduction in mortality from 26 per 100,000 workers to 24 per 100,000 workers. This means that if the United States had the union density of 35 percent that it had in 1954 instead of today's rate of 10 percent, the COVID-19 mortality rate for working people would have fallen from 26 to 19 per 100,000.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789220399828; 9789220399835; 9789220399842; 9789220399859
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283443
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 98 (November 2023)
    Subjects: COVID-19
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Poverty profile
    the rural North and Northeast of Brazil
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Souza, Laeticia Rodrigues de; Silva, Wesley Vieira da; Silveira, Fernando Gaiger; Campos, Áquila
    Published: April, 2016
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG), Brasília, DF, Brazil

    "Fortunately, both poverty and extreme poverty have shown a significant decrease in Brazil. According to data from the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD), poverty dropped over 20 per cent between... more

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    "Fortunately, both poverty and extreme poverty have shown a significant decrease in Brazil. According to data from the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD), poverty dropped over 20 per cent between 2004 and 2013, to about 9 per cent of the Brazillian population. Extreme poverty fell from about 7 per cent to 4 per cent over the same period. Much of this decline was due to the expansion of the labour market and the significant increase in transfers to poor households, through both social security and the Bolsa Família programme (Rocha 2013)." (…)

     
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    hdl: 10419/173792
    Series: Working paper / International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth ; number 138
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Reducing schooling inequality in Brazil: demographic opportunities and inter-cohort differentials
    Author: Vélez, Carlos Eduardo; Soares, Sergei; Souza, Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de
    Published: 2001
    Publisher:  Serviço Ed., Rio de Janeiro [u.a.]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 850
    Subjects: Bildungsniveau; Schule; Brasilien; Kohortenanalyse
    Scope: 17 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in portug. Sprache