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  1. Minimum wage
    global challenges and perspectives
    Contributor: Soares, Sergei (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 09/10/2018
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, United Nations Development Programme, Brasilia, DF - Brazil

    The increase in inequality over the last few decades in most of the world has been a constant source of concern for policymakers and analysts. Inequality can hinder economic growth, reduce well-being and increase poverty. It also fuels social unrest... more

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    The increase in inequality over the last few decades in most of the world has been a constant source of concern for policymakers and analysts. Inequality can hinder economic growth, reduce well-being and increase poverty. It also fuels social unrest and reduces social cohesion. Great attention has been given to the role of fiscal redistribution (or lack thereof) in the inequality debate, but perhaps mechanisms that involve money passing directly from one economic agent to another, rather than through the hands of the State, deserve more attention. In a time of weakened labour unions and decreasing income mobility, can the minimum wage once again shine as a market-friendly and effective policy tool?" (...)

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Soares, Sergei (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/197750
    Series: Policy in focus ; volume 15, issue no. 2 (September 2018)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält 9 Beiträge
  2. Desigualdade no Brasil de 2016 a 2017
    um exercício de decomposição e análise de mercado de trabalho de pouca mudança (o que é uma boa notícia)
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: outubro de 2018
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    This article uses recently released data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), Brazilian household survey to calculate changes in inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient from 2016 to 2017. A Shorrocks... more

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    This article uses recently released data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), Brazilian household survey to calculate changes in inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient from 2016 to 2017. A Shorrocks decomposition by factor components is also undertaken, as well as a limited analysis of the wage inequality and the labor market contribution to household inequality. The main results are: i) the Gini coefficient fell 0.18 point from 2016 to 2017, going from 54.1 to 53.8, which is a very small reduction in inequality; ii) this reduction is due to the interplay between labor and social protection incomes; and iii) the labor market by itself is playing against reductions in inequality, which shows the relevance of the (still limited and not very progressive) Brazilian social protection system.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/211369
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2408
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Proteção efetiva no Brasil: 2000 a 2015
    Author: Bloch, Carolina; Soares, Sergei
    Published: novembro de 2018
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This paper calculates effective tariffs by industrial sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. Effective tariff differs from nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to industrial inputs so that a sector whose products are... more

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    This paper calculates effective tariffs by industrial sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. Effective tariff differs from nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to industrial inputs so that a sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may also be burdened by high tariffs on its inputs, leading to a lower effective tariff. Two series are calculated: 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015. The reason for this is that the National Accounts changed their classification of economic sectors in 2010. Results indicate that: i) effective rates of protection are highly varied in Brazil, according to sector; ii) effective rates of protection have fallen slightly in the 15 years from 2000 to 2015; and iii) some sectors have seen their rates of protection vary considerably over this fifteen-year period, but in most sectors the ERP did not vary much.

     
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    Language: Portuguese
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    hdl: 10419/211382
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2432
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Reducing schooling inequality in Brazil
    demographic opportunities and inter-cohort differentials
    Author: Vélez, Carlos Eduardo; Soares, Sergei; Souza, Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de
    Published: dezembro de 2001
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the... more

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    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the distribution of educational endowments of the total labor force. This answer depends on two factors. The first is the demographic composition of the working age population - the weight each cohort has in the 16 to 70 year old population. The second is the distribution of schooling within each cohort - its average educational level and the inequality within each cohort. These two factors - demography and education by cohort - define the average educational level and the distribution of education for the working age population in any given year. This paper takes a standard demographic projection and makes various hypotheses about the evolution of education - both the mean and inequality. According to these hypotheses, we will calculate how long improvements in the schooling of successive cohorts take to translate into significant improvements in the schooling of the working age population. Our results are somewhat pessimistic. We calculate that even very strong departures from the observed trend will take many years or decades to translate into significantly different educational endowments for the working age population. In other words, we show that demographic inertia is a strong factor preventing changes in educational endowments in periods shorter than a few decades.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 850
    Subjects: Bildungsniveau; Schule; Brasilien; Kohortenanalyse
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. O impacto distributivo do salário mínimo
    a distribuição individual dos rendimentos do trabalho
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: abril de 2002
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The objective of this discussion paper is to estimate the impact that changes in the value of the minimum wage will have upon the distribution of individual labor income. Two complementary approaches will be used. The first approach is to use non... more

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    The objective of this discussion paper is to estimate the impact that changes in the value of the minimum wage will have upon the distribution of individual labor income. Two complementary approaches will be used. The first approach is to use non parametric estimators to estimate the individual income labor distribution. The estimator used is the kernel estimator with a bandwidth of 0.08 and the data come from the five PNADs since the Real Plan. The results are visual and qualitative but show a strong concentration of individuals at or around the minimum wage. More or less 10% of individuals with positive labor income are in this minimum wage spike. Although this is less than the 15% of individuals with positive labor income who earn less than one minimum wage, the kernel estimators show that the spike follows increases in the minimum wage. This shows that minimum wage increases should have a significant effect on labor income distribution. The next approach in the paper is quantify the elasticity of labor income with relation to minimum wage increases. The data come from the monthly PMEs since the Real Plan and the methodology is to use various comparison groups to net out the minimum wage effect. Although all three comparison groups used are imperfect, the results are more or less coherent. They show that labor income elasticities with relation to minimum wage increases are low (around 0.2) for the lowest centiles in the labor income distribution, higher (around 0.6) for the centiles where the minimum wage is effective, and then drop to zero for the two highest quintiles. In conclusion, the minimum wage has a significant effect upon the individual labor income distribution, but it is not very large.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 873
    Subjects: Einkommensverteilung; Mindestlohn; Brasilien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. A universal child grant in Brazil
    what must we do, and what can we expect from it?
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Ansiliero, Graziela; Amaral, Aline Diniz; Souza, Pedro H. G. Ferreira de; Paiva, Luis Henrique
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG), Brasília, DF, Brazil

    The objective of this paper is to propose a universal child grant for Brazil. We will discuss the rationality behind the proposal, how best to design it, its initial operational set-up,its costs, and some of its distributive aspects. The proposed... more

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    The objective of this paper is to propose a universal child grant for Brazil. We will discuss the rationality behind the proposal, how best to design it, its initial operational set-up,its costs, and some of its distributive aspects. The proposed allowance is based on the unification of the three child allowances that currently exist in the country.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/200622
    Series: Working paper / International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth ; number 181 (April, 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Reducing schooling inequality in Brazil
    demographic opportunities and inter-cohort differentials
    Author: Vélez, Carlos Eduardo; Soares, Sergei; Souza, Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de
    Published: January 2015
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the... more

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    The objective of this paper is to explore the interplay between schooling and demographics in Brazil. We would like to provide a preliminary answer to the question of how long will improvements in schooling of younger cohorts take o change the distribution of educational endowments of the total labor force. This answer depends on two factors. The first is the demographic composition of the working age population - the weight each cohort has in the 16 to 70 year old population. The second is the distribution of schooling within each cohort - its average educational level and the inequality within each cohort. These two factors - demography and education by cohort - define the average educational level and the distribution of education for the working age population in any given year. This paper takes a standard demographic projection and makes various hypotheses about the evolution of education - both the mean and inequality. According to these hypotheses, we will calculate how long improvements in the schooling of successive cohorts take to translate into significant improvements in the schooling of the working age population. Our results are somewhat pessimistic. We calculate that even very strong departures from the observed trend will take many years or decades to translate into significantly different educational endowments for the working age population. In other words, we show that demographic inertia is a strong factor preventing changes in educational endowments in periods shorter than a few decades.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/220198
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 109 (January 2015)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. A proposal for the unification of social protection benefits for children, youth and those vulnerable to poverty
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Bartholo, Letícia; Osorio, Rafael Guerreiro
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG), Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Social protection policy in Brazil is a historically built patchwork of programmes that pay different values to people in the same situation, leaves many unprotected (in particular, 17 million children) and is fraught with duplications and other... more

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    Social protection policy in Brazil is a historically built patchwork of programmes that pay different values to people in the same situation, leaves many unprotected (in particular, 17 million children) and is fraught with duplications and other inefficiencies. This paper proposes an approach through which all transfers to individuals vulnerable to poverty and children can be brought together within a single framework. The budgets of the Bolsa Família, Abono Salarial and Salário-Família programmes and the child income tax deduction together add up to BRL52 billion (about USD15 billion). With these resources, it is possible to propose a new transfer programme based on a universal child benefit and a targeted extreme poverty grant that will be twice as effective at reducing poverty and inequality as the four existing programmes

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/223399
    Series: Working paper / International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth ; number 187 (November, 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. O perfil da discriminação no mercado de trabalho
    homens negros, mulheres brancas e mulheres negras
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: novembro de 2000
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This text decomposes the earnings differential between white men, on the one hand, and black men, white women, and black women, on the other. A difference in earnings may arise due to at least three causes: difference in human capital, different... more

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    This text decomposes the earnings differential between white men, on the one hand, and black men, white women, and black women, on the other. A difference in earnings may arise due to at least three causes: difference in human capital, different insertions in the labor market, or pure difference in wages. The text decomposes the differential of each category above into these three components. Both means and the full distributions of black males and black and white females are decomposed. The methodology is an extension of the Oaxaca decomposition for means. The results indicate that while the earnings differential for women is due exclusively to a pure wage differential, black males have lower earnings mainly due to differences in human capital, although they also suffer heavy wage and insertion discrimination. Black women suffer the pure wage differential of white women, plus the wage differential of black men, plus an insertion differential, plus a huge qualification differential (although it is smaller than that of black males).

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 769
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Proteção efetiva e desigualdade intrassetorial
    Author: Bloch, Carolina; Soares, Sergei
    Published: julho de 2019
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    In this paper, we estimate the distributive impacts of trade openness on within sector income distribution. The empirical approach is to estimate the econometric relation between effective rates of protection and various indicators of within sector... more

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    In this paper, we estimate the distributive impacts of trade openness on within sector income distribution. The empirical approach is to estimate the econometric relation between effective rates of protection and various indicators of within sector inequality: the Gini and Theil indices of wage inequality in each economic sector, the ratio between wages of production and nonproduction workers, and the ratio between the wage bill and value added for each sector. The econometric specification is a fixed effects model in which each sector is compared to itself in various moments in time. The results show a significant but small effect of trade openness upon wage inequality as measured by Gini and Theil Coefficients and also small effects in the opposite direction between trade openness and the wage bill to value added ratio. This means that a substantive reduction in effective rates of protection will lead to small reductions in wage inequality and even smaller increases in the functional inequality in each sector.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/211443
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2492
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Os efeitos do Programa Bolsa Família sobre a pobreza e a desigualdade
    um balanço dos primeiros quinze anos
    Author: Souza, Pedro H. G. Ferreira de; Osorio, Rafael Guerreiro; Paiva, Luis Henrique; Soares, Sergei
    Published: agosto de 2019
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The goal of the study is to evaluate the targeting of the Bolsa Família Programme and its impacts on the reduction of poverty and inequality. To that end, we have used data from the 2001-2015 standard National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa... more

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    The goal of the study is to evaluate the targeting of the Bolsa Família Programme and its impacts on the reduction of poverty and inequality. To that end, we have used data from the 2001-2015 standard National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD) and from the 2016 and the 2017 longitudinal PNAD. The results support the findings of previous studies. Bolsa Família is by far the most progressive transfer ever enacted by the federal government. Its excellent targeting explains why, despite its small budget (0.5 per cent of GDP) and its limited representation in household income as reflected by PNAD (0.7 per cent), the programme has such a significant impact on poverty reduction: its transfers reduce poverty by 15 per cent and extreme poverty by 25 per cent. Dynamic decompositions of the Gini coefficient suggest that the programme was responsible for the 10 per cent of the reduction in inequality between 2001 and 2015. From 2001 to 2006 (the period during which the programme grew most significantly), Bolsa Família accounted for almost 17 per cent of the observed reduction in inequality. Findings suggest that the targeting of the Programme is already very good and that the main restraining factor of the Programme’s impact on poverty is not targeting, but rather the low value of the transfers.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/211450
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2499
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The market value of public education
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: October 2018
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This article estimates the market value of public education by comparing standardized test scores of students in public and private schools. The idea is to assign to the education of each public school student a market value equivalent to the tuition... more

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    This article estimates the market value of public education by comparing standardized test scores of students in public and private schools. The idea is to assign to the education of each public school student a market value equivalent to the tuition paid by private school students with similar test score results. The implementation requires an expenditure survey, or other database to provide information on tuitions, and standardized test scores available for both private and public schools. This article uses Brazilian test score data, which are particularly good. The main results are not surprising. Pre-school, primary, and secondary education are all highly progressive government transfers. Furthermore, since their market value is superior to public expenditures in each of these educational levels, they are also welfare enhancing. The flip side is that public higher education is both highly regressive and welfare reducing.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/220323
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 236 (October 2018)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Inequality in Brazil from 2016 to 2017
    a decomposition exercise and labor market analysis of virtually no change (which is good news)
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: October 2018
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This article uses recently released data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), Brazilian household survey to calculate changes in inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient from 2016 to 2017. A Shorrocks... more

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    This article uses recently released data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua), Brazilian household survey to calculate changes in inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient from 2016 to 2017. A Shorrocks decomposition by factor components is also undertaken, as well as a limited analysis of the wage inequality and the labor market contribution to household inequality. The main results are: i) the Gini coefficient fell 0.18 point from 2016 to 2017, going from 54.1 to 53.8, which is a very small reduction in inequality; ii) this reduction is due to the interplay between labor and social protection incomes; and iii) the labor market by itself is playing against reductions in inequality, which shows the relevance of the (still limited and not very progressive) Brazilian social protection system

     
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    hdl: 10419/220324
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 237 (October 2018)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Effective rates of protection in Brazil
    from 2000 to 2015
    Author: Bloch, Carolina; Soares, Sergei
    Published: maio 2019
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector... more

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    This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may also be burdened by high tariffs on its inputs, leading to a lower effective tariff. Two series are calculated: 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015. The reason for this is that the National Accounts changed their classification of economic sectors in 2010. Results indicate that: i) effective rates of protection are highly varied in Brazil, according to sector; ii) effective rates of protection have become slightly more homogeneous in the 15 years from 2000 to 2015; and iii) some sectors have seen their rates of protection vary considerably over this fifteen-year period, but most did not.

     
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    hdl: 10419/220326
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 240 (May 2019)
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Distributive impacts of social security financing in Brazil
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Bloch, Carolina
    Published: August 2019
    Publisher:  Ipea, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we... more

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    German Institute for Global and Area Studies, Bibliothek
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    This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates the distributive effect of the different taxes that compose tax revenues. For this, we use concentration coefficients computed by Silveira and Passos (2017) weighted by the importance of each tax in funding social security (basically by distinguishing individual social security contributions from taxes collected by the states and the Union). Our results indicate that the financing of social security in Brazil is only slightly progressive, given that the concentration coefficient of these taxes is not much lower than the Gini coefficient nor than the concentration coefficient of social security benefits.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/220330
    Series: Discussion paper / IPEA ; 244 (August 2019)
    Subjects: Sozialpolitik; Soziale Sicherheit; Finanzierung; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Steuereinnahmen
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Uma proposta para a unificação dos benefícios sociais de crianças, jovens e adultos pobres e vulneráveis
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Bartholo, Letícia; Osorio, Rafael Guerreiro
    Published: agosto de 2019
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    Social protection policy in Brazil is a historically built patchwork of programs that pay different values to people in the same situation, leaves many unprotected (in particular, 17 million children), is fraught with duplications and other... more

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    Social protection policy in Brazil is a historically built patchwork of programs that pay different values to people in the same situation, leaves many unprotected (in particular, 17 million children), is fraught with duplications and other inefficiencies. This note proposes an approach within which can join all transfers to individuals vulnerable to poverty and children within a single framework. The budgets of the Bolsa Família, Abono Salarial, Salário-Família programs and the child income tax deduction together add up to R$ 52 billion (about USD 15 billion). With these resources, it is possible to propose a new transfer program based on a Universal Child Benefit and targeted Extreme Poverty Grant whose impacts on poverty and inequality are twice those of the four programs above.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/211456
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2505
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Simulando - do mundo maravilhoso das distribuições contrafatuais
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: fevereiro de 2001
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This discussion paper presents a methodology to visualize the effects of various influences on the income distribution. The methodology, although not new, has become very popular in the past few years. It is the method of counterfactual simulations.... more

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    This discussion paper presents a methodology to visualize the effects of various influences on the income distribution. The methodology, although not new, has become very popular in the past few years. It is the method of counterfactual simulations. In other words, it is the use of "what if …" questions in the study of income distribution. The method is applied to Brazil to visualize the effects of type of employment status, region, economic activity sector, and educational endowment on the income distribution of 1998.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; no 780
    Subjects: Einkommensverteilung; Theorie; Brasilien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. O valor de mercado da educação pública
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: dezembro de 2019
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    Publicly provided education is both an important public expenditure and a relevant in-kind transfer, often to the poorest households. This paper compares three methods to value education services and their distributive impact. The methods are: i) The... more

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    Publicly provided education is both an important public expenditure and a relevant in-kind transfer, often to the poorest households. This paper compares three methods to value education services and their distributive impact. The methods are: i) The first method is cost of provision, according to which education is worth what it costs the state to provide it; ii) The second method is to value educational services using the labor market as the measure of their worth; iii) The third is to match private educational expenditures, paid for by students or their parents, with equivalent public education services, and then value the latter according to the price of the former. The results from all three approaches do not fall far from each other. The imputed income from publicly provided education reduces inequality by between 3 and 4 Gini points and increases incomes by about 6%. My conclusion is that the value of public education in Brazil is close to 6% of household income and it is quite distributive, whatever the valuation method used.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240727
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2532
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Impactos distributivos do financiamento dos regimes previdenciários no Brasil
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Bloch, Carolina
    Published: janeiro de 2020
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we... more

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    This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates the distributive effect of the different taxes that compose tax revenues. For this, we use concentration coefficients computed by Silveira and Passos (2017) weighted by the importance of each tax in funding social security (basically by distinguishing individual social security contributions from taxes collected by the states and the Union). Our results indicate that the financing of social security in Brazil is only slightly progressive, given that the concentration coefficient of these taxes is not much lower than the Gini coefficient nor than the concentration coefficient of social security benefits.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240731
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2536
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. O impacto distributivo salário mínimo: a distribuição individual dos rendimentos do trabalho
    Author: Soares, Sergei
    Published: 2002

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1389 (873)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 873
    Subjects: Einkommensverteilung; Mindestlohn; Brasilien
    Scope: 51 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  21. Os jovens adultos de 18 a 25 anos
    retrato de uma dívida da política educacional
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Carvalho, Luiza; Kipnis, Bernardo
    Published: 2003

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1389 (954)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 954
    Subjects: Jugendliche; Bildungschancen; Junge Arbeitskräfte; Brasilien
    Scope: 26 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  22. Mortality from COVID-19 in the US
    did unions save lives?
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Berg, Janine
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    This paper builds on the existing literature on the effect of unionization on OSH by providing an analysis of unionization's effects on COVID-19 mortality. It combines data from the NVSS with the CPS into a unique dataset. It finds that a 10... more

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    This paper builds on the existing literature on the effect of unionization on OSH by providing an analysis of unionization's effects on COVID-19 mortality. It combines data from the NVSS with the CPS into a unique dataset. It finds that a 10 percentage-point increase in unionization is associated with a reduction in mortality from 26 per 100,000 workers to 24 per 100,000 workers. This means that if the United States had the union density of 35 percent that it had in 1954 instead of today's rate of 10 percent, the COVID-19 mortality rate for working people would have fallen from 26 to 19 per 100,000.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789220399828; 9789220399835; 9789220399842; 9789220399859
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283443
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 98 (November 2023)
    Subjects: COVID-19
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. A participação feminina no mercado de trabalho
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Izaki, Rejane Sayuri
    Published: 2002

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1389 (923)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 923
    Subjects: Weibliche Arbeitskräfte; Frauenbildung; Brasilien
    Scope: 22 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  24. A mensuração da educação nas PNADs da década de 1990
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Lima, Adriana Fernandes
    Published: 2002

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1389 (928)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 928
    Subjects: Bildungsniveau; Brasilien
    Scope: 12 S, graph. Darst
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
  25. Metodologia e resultados da avaliação do programa de erradicação do trabalho infantil
    Author: Soares, Sergei; Pianto, Donald M.
    Published: 2003

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1389 (994)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ; 994
    Subjects: Kinderarbeit; Brasilien
    Scope: 16 S
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. Sprache