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  1. The effect of infrastructure on worker mobility
    evidence from high-speed rail expansion in Germany
    Author: Heuermann, Daniel F.; Schmieder, Johannes
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 24507
    Subjects: Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr; Pendelverkehr; Periphere Region; Regionale Arbeitsmobilität; Infrastrukturinvestition; Deutschland
    Scope: 34 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  2. Optimal income taxation with unemployment and wage responses
    a sufficient statistics approach
    Author: Kroft, Kory; Kucko, Kavan; Lehmann, Etienne; Schmieder, Johannes
    Published: September 20, 2017
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich

    We derive a sufficient statistics optimal income tax formula in a general model that incorporates unemployment and endogenous wages, to study the shape of the tax and transfer system at the bottom of the income distribution. The sufficient statistics... more

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    We derive a sufficient statistics optimal income tax formula in a general model that incorporates unemployment and endogenous wages, to study the shape of the tax and transfer system at the bottom of the income distribution. The sufficient statistics are the macro employment response to taxation and the micro and macro participation responses. We estimate these statistics using policy variation from the U.S. tax and transfer system. Our results suggest that the optimal tax more closely resembles a Negative Income Tax than an Earned Income Tax Credit relative to the case where unemployment and wage responses are not taken into account.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/171150
    Series: Array ; no. 6686
    Subjects: Einkommensteuer; Optimale Besteuerung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Lohn; Steuervergünstigung; Grundeinkommen; Theorie; USA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktwirkung der Covid-19-Pandemie
    Author: Illing, Hannah; Oberfichtner, Michael; Pestel, Nico; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: Februar 2022
    Publisher:  IZA, Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Deutschland

    Die Covid-19-Pandemie hatte im Frühjahr 2020 massivere Arbeitsmarkteffekte als die Finanzkrise 2008/2009: Im Mai 2020 waren 8,5 Millionen Personen in Kurzarbeit oder arbeitslos, im Mai 2009 trotz höheren Ausgangsniveaus lediglich 4,9 Millionen. Die... more

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    Die Covid-19-Pandemie hatte im Frühjahr 2020 massivere Arbeitsmarkteffekte als die Finanzkrise 2008/2009: Im Mai 2020 waren 8,5 Millionen Personen in Kurzarbeit oder arbeitslos, im Mai 2009 trotz höheren Ausgangsniveaus lediglich 4,9 Millionen. Die Branchen mit dem höchsten Arbeitsausfall während des ersten Lockdowns hatten einen hohen Frauenanteil an den Beschäftigten. Gleichzeitig war der Frauenanteil aber auch in Branchen, die kaum betroffen waren, sehr hoch. Waren in früheren Rezessionen, wie der Finanzkrise 2008/2009, oft Männer stärker von Arbeitsausfall betroffen, wirkte sich die Covid-19-Pandemie etwa gleich stark auf sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigte Frauen und Männer aus. Trotz ähnlichen Arbeitszeitausfalls bei Männern und Frauen zeigten sich große Unterschiede bei der zeitlichen Belastung: Für beschäftigte Mütter mit Kindern bis zwölf Jahre stieg die insgesamt für Job, Pendeln, Kinderbetreuung und Haushalt aufgewendete Zeit im Frühjahr 2020 um acht Stunden pro Woche, für Väter um drei Stunden; für Personen mit älteren Kindern oder ohne Kinder im Haushalt sank die zeitliche Gesamtbelastung leicht. Parallel zur höheren zeitlichen Belastung verringerte sich im Frühjahr 2020 die Lebenszufriedenheit bei Müttern mit Kindern bis zwölf Jahre stärker als bei anderen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278137
    Series: IZA Standpunkte ; Nr. 102
    Subjects: COVID-19; Arbeitsplatzverlust; Kinderbetreuung; Haushalt; Gender-Gap
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Fetal exposure to toxic releases and infant health
    Author: Currie, Janet M.; Schmieder, Johannes
    Published: 2008

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    W 1 (14352)
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    http://www.nber.org/papers/w14352.pdfi
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: NBER working paper series ; 14352
    Subjects: Schwangerschaft; Kinder; Gesundheit; Umweltbelastung; Gefahrstoff; USA
    Scope: 18 S., Kt.
  5. The long-term impact of job displacement in Germany during the 1982 recession on earnings, income, and employment
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Wachter, Till von; Bender, Stefan
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Research Dep., Washington, DC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper series / Columbia University, Department of Economics ; 0910,07
    Subjects: Kündigung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Einkommen; Lohn; Arbeitslosenversicherung; Deutschland
    Scope: Online-Ressource, (20, [7] S.), graph. Darst.
  6. The effects of unemployment insurance on labor supply and search outcomes
    regression discontinuity estimates from Germany
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Wachter, Till von; Bender, Stefan
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Research Dep., Washington, DC

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 43 ( 0910.08)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10022/AC:P:8425
    Series: Discussion paper series / Columbia University, Department of Economics ; 0910,08
    Subjects: Arbeitslosenversicherung; Arbeitsuche; Arbeitslosigkeit; Dauer; Deutschland
    Scope: Online-Ressource, (52 S.), graph. Darst.
  7. The long-term impact of job displacement in Germany during the 1982 recession on earnings, income, and employment
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Wachter, Till von; Bender, Stefan
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  IAB, Nürnberg

    We show that workers displaced from their stable jobs during mass-layoffs in 1982 recession in Germany suffered permanent earnings losses of 10-15% lasting at least 15 years. These estimates are obtained using data and methodology comparable to... more

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    We show that workers displaced from their stable jobs during mass-layoffs in 1982 recession in Germany suffered permanent earnings losses of 10-15% lasting at least 15 years. These estimates are obtained using data and methodology comparable to similar studies for the United States. Exploiting advantages of the German data, we also show that while reduction and recovery in time worked plays a role in explaining earnings losses during the first ten years, the majority of the long-run loss is due to a decline in wages. We also show that even the generous German unemployment insurance system replaced only a small fraction of the total earnings loss. These findings suggest that job displacements can lead to large and lasting reductions in income even in labor markets with tighter social safety nets and lower earnings inequality. -- Job Displacement ; Mass-Layoffs ; Unemployment Insurance System Wir zeigen, dass Arbeiter in stabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, die während der Massenentlassungen aufgrund der im Jahr 1982 vorherrschenden Rezession in Deutschland ihren Arbeitsplatz verlieren, anhaltende Gehaltsverluste in Höhe von 10-15% über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren hinnehmen müssen. Diese Schätzungen werden anhand vergleichbarer Daten und einer ähnlichen Methode wie bei Studien für die Vereinigten Staaten erzielt. Aufgrund der Vorteile der deutschen Daten können wir zeigen, dass während in den ersten 10 Jahren der Rückgang und Wiederanstieg der Arbeitszeit eine Rolle für die Einkommensverluste spielen, langfristig der Lohnverlust den wichtigsten Erklärungsfaktor darstellt. Wir zeigen auch, dass selbst das großzügige deutsche System der Arbeitslosenversicherung lediglich einen kleinen Anteil des gesamten Einkommensverlustes ersetzen kann. Diese Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Arbeitsplatzverluste zu großen und andauernden Rückgängen für das Einkommen führen, selbst in Arbeitsmärkten mit strengeren sozialen Sicherheitsnetzen und geringerer Einkommensungleichheit.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/32699
    Series: IAB discussion paper ; 1/2010
    Subjects: Kündigung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Einkommen; Lohn; Arbeitslosenversicherung; Deutschland
    Scope: Online-Ressource (26 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache
  8. The effects of unemployment insurance on labor supply and search outcomes
    regression discontinuity estimates from Germany
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Wachter, Till von; Bender, Stefan
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  IAB, Nürnberg

    This paper evaluates the impact of large changes in the duration of unemployment insurance (UI) in different economic environments on labour supply, job matches, and search behaviour. We show that differences in eligibility thresholds by exact age... more

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    This paper evaluates the impact of large changes in the duration of unemployment insurance (UI) in different economic environments on labour supply, job matches, and search behaviour. We show that differences in eligibility thresholds by exact age give rise to a valid regression discontinuity design, which we implement using administrative data on the universe of new unemployment spells and career histo-ries over twenty years from Germany. We find that increases in UI have small to modest effects on non-employment rates, a result robust over the business cycle and across demographic groups. Thus, large expansions in UI during recessions do not lead to lasting increases in unemployment duration, nor can they explain differ-ences in unemployment durations across countries. We do not find any effect of increased UI duration on average job quality, but show that the mean potentially confounds differential effects on job search across the distribution of UI duration. However, it appears that for a majority of UI beneficiaries’ increases in UI duration may lead to small declines in wages. -- Duration of unemployment insurance (UI) ; regression discontinuity design Dieses Papier wertet den Einfluss von weitreichenden Veränderungen in der Bezugsdauer der Arbeitslosenversicherung in verschiedenen ökonomischen Umgebungen auf Arbeitsangebot, Qualität der Arbeitsstelle und Suchverhalten aus. Wir zeigen, dass Altersbegrenzungen in der Anspruchsberechtigung ein gültiges Regression-Discontinuity-Design erlauben, welches wir mit administrativen Daten auf Basis der Grundgesamtheit der Arbeitslosengeldbezieher in Deutschland über 20 Jahre umsetzen. Wir beobachten, dass Anstiege in der Arbeitslosenversicherung (UI) kleine bis mäßige Effekte auf die Nichtbeschäftigungsrate haben, ein Ergebnis, das robust über den Konjunkturzyklus und verschiedene demografische Gruppen ist. Demzufolge führen große Ausweitungen in der Arbeitslosenversicherung während Rezessionen weder zu andauernden Anstiegen der Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer, noch können sie Unterschiede in der Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer verschiedener Länder erklären. Wir können keinen Effekt von höherer UI Bezugsdauer auf die durchschnittliche Arbeitsplatzqualität finden, aber zeigen, dass der Durchschnitt möglicherweise unterschiedliche Effekte auf die Jobsuche über die Verteilung der UI Bezugsdauer miteinander vermengt. Es scheint jedoch, dass für eine Mehrheit der UI Empfänger eine ansteigende UI Bezugsdauer zu kleinen Abstrichen bei den Gehältern führt.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/32764
    Series: IAB discussion paper ; 4/2010
    Subjects: Arbeitslosenversicherung; Arbeitsuche; Arbeitslosigkeit; Dauer; Deutschland
    Scope: Online-Ressource (56 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache
  9. Air pollution and infant health
    lessons from New Jersey
    Author: Currie, Janet M.; Neidell, Matthew; Schmieder, Johannes
    Published: 2008
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (14196)
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    http://www.nber.org/papers/w14196.pdf
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: NBER working paper series ; 14196
    Subjects: Luftverschmutzung; Kinder; Gesundheit; Schwangerschaft; Mütter; USA; New Jersey
    Scope: 21, [12] S., graph. Darst., Kt.
  10. Optimal income taxation with unemployment and wage responses
    a sufficient statistics approach
    Author: Kroft, Kory; Kucko, Kavan; Lehmann, Etienne; Schmieder, Johannes
    Published: 22 September 2017
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 32 (12328)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Array ; DP 12328
    Subjects: Einkommensteuer; Optimale Besteuerung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Lohn; Steuervergünstigung; Grundeinkommen; Theorie; USA
    Scope: 59 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  11. Inequality and Income Dynamics in Germany
    Author: Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas; Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Walz, Hannes; Wolter, Stefanie
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the... more

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    Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden
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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men's earnings changes are on average smaller than women's but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men's earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs' income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers' income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29818
    Subjects: Einkommensverteilung; Geschlecht; Deutschland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  12. The costs of job displacement over the business cycle and its sources
    evidence from Germany
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Wachter, Till von; Heining, Jörg
    Published: 9. August 2022
    Publisher:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg, Germany

    We document the sources behind the costs of job loss over the business cycle using administrative data from Germany. Losses in annual earnings after displacement are large, persistent, and highly cyclical, nearly doubling in size during downturns. A... more

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    We document the sources behind the costs of job loss over the business cycle using administrative data from Germany. Losses in annual earnings after displacement are large, persistent, and highly cyclical, nearly doubling in size during downturns. A large part of the long-term earnings losses and their cyclicality is driven by declines in wages. Key to these long-lasting wage declines and their cyclicality are changes in employer characteristics, as displaced workers switch to lower-paying firms. Changes in characteristics of workers or displacing firms explain little of the cyclicality, though nonemployment durations correlated with losses in employer effects play a role. Unter Verwendung von administrativen Daten für Deutschland dokumentieren wir die Ursachen hinter den Kosten des Arbeitsplatzverlusts über den Konjunkturzyklus hinweg. Die jährlichen Einkommensverluste nach einer Verdrängung sind groß, persistent und stark zyklisch, wobei sich seine Größe während konjunkturellen Abschwüngen fast verdoppelt. Ein großer Teil der langfristigen Einkommensverluste und ihre Zyklizität wird durch Lohnverluste verursacht. Schlüssel zu diesen langanhaltenden Lohnverlusten und deren Zyklizität sind Veränderungen der Arbeitgebermerkmale, da entlassene Beschäftigte zu schlechter zahlenden Betriebe wechseln. Veränderungen in den Merkmalen der Beschäftigten bzw. der entlassenden Betriebe können wenig der Zyklizität erklären, obwohl die Dauer der Nichtbeschäftigung, welche mit den Verlusten in Betriebseffekten korreliert sind, von Bedeutung sind.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265675
    Series: IAB-discussion paper ; 2022, 20
    Subjects: Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitslosenversicherung; Lohnersatzleistungen; Konjunktur; Lohnstruktur; Lohnniveau; Deutschland; Establishment Wage Premia; Job Loss; Wages
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Inequality and income dynamics in Germany
    Author: Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas; Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Walz, Hannes; Wolter, Stefanie
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the... more

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    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men's earnings changes are on average smaller than women's but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men's earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs’ income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers' income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252122
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9605 (2022)
    Subjects: inequality; income dynamics; mobility; non-labor income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 143 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The Costs of Job Displacement over the Business Cycle and Its Sources
    Evidence from Germany
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Wachter, Till von; Heining, Jörg
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We document the sources behind the costs of job loss over the business cycle using administrative data from Germany. Losses in annual earnings after displacement are large, persistent, and highly cyclical, nearly doubling in size during downturns. A... more

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    We document the sources behind the costs of job loss over the business cycle using administrative data from Germany. Losses in annual earnings after displacement are large, persistent, and highly cyclical, nearly doubling in size during downturns. A large part of the long-term earnings losses and their cyclicality is driven by declines in wages. Key to these long-lasting wage declines and their cyclicality are changes in employer characteristics, as displaced workers switch to lower-paying firms. Changes in characteristics of workers or displacing firms explain little of the cyclicality, though non-employment durations correlated with losses in employer effects play a role

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30162
    Subjects: Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitslosenversicherung; Lohnersatzleistungen; Konjunktur; Lohnstruktur; Lohnniveau; Deutschland; General; Demand and Supply of Labor; Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials; General; Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs; Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search; Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

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  15. Inequality and income dynamics in Germany
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas
    Published: 03 March 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP17082
    Subjects: Inequality; Income dynamics; mobility; Non-Labor Income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 144 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Inequality and income dynamics in Germany
    Author: Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas; Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Walz, Hannes; Wolter, Stefanie
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the... more

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    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men's earnings changes are on average smaller than women's but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men's earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs' income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers' income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252239
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15115
    Subjects: inequality; income dynamics; mobility; non-labor income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 142 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Inequality and income dynamics in Germany
    Author: Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas; Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Walz, Hannes; Wolter, Stefanie
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Collaborative Research Center Transregio 190, [München]

    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us – for the first time – to offer a complete picture of the... more

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    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us – for the first time – to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men’s earnings changes are on average smaller than women’s but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men’s earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs’ income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers’ income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent.

     
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/256788
    Series: Discussion paper / Rationality & Competition, CRC TRR 190 ; no. 321 (March 2, 2022)
    Subjects: Inequality; Income Dynamics; Mobility; Non-Labor Income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 141 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktwirkung der Covid-19-Pandemie
    Author: Illing, Hannah; Oberfichtner, Michael; Pestel, Nico; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: Februar 2022
    Publisher:  IZA, Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Deutschland

    Die Covid-19-Pandemie hatte im Frühjahr 2020 massivere Arbeitsmarkteffekte als die Finanzkrise 2008/2009: Im Mai 2020 waren 8,5 Millionen Personen in Kurzarbeit oder arbeitslos, im Mai 2009 trotz höheren Ausgangsniveaus lediglich 4,9 Millionen. Die... more

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    Die Covid-19-Pandemie hatte im Frühjahr 2020 massivere Arbeitsmarkteffekte als die Finanzkrise 2008/2009: Im Mai 2020 waren 8,5 Millionen Personen in Kurzarbeit oder arbeitslos, im Mai 2009 trotz höheren Ausgangsniveaus lediglich 4,9 Millionen. Die Branchen mit dem höchsten Arbeitsausfall während des ersten Lockdowns hatten einen hohen Frauenanteil an den Beschäftigten. Gleichzeitig war der Frauenanteil aber auch in Branchen, die kaum betroffen waren, sehr hoch. Waren in früheren Rezessionen, wie der Finanzkrise 2008/2009, oft Männer stärker von Arbeitsausfall betroffen, wirkte sich die Covid-19-Pandemie etwa gleich stark auf sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigte Frauen und Männer aus. Trotz ähnlichen Arbeitszeitausfalls bei Männern und Frauen zeigten sich große Unterschiede bei der zeitlichen Belastung: Für beschäftigte Mütter mit Kindern bis zwölf Jahre stieg die insgesamt für Job, Pendeln, Kinderbetreuung und Haushalt aufgewendete Zeit im Frühjahr 2020 um acht Stunden pro Woche, für Väter um drei Stunden; für Personen mit älteren Kindern oder ohne Kinder im Haushalt sank die zeitliche Gesamtbelastung leicht. Parallel zur höheren zeitlichen Belastung verringerte sich im Frühjahr 2020 die Lebenszufriedenheit bei Müttern mit Kindern bis zwölf Jahre stärker als bei anderen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/278137
    Series: IZA Standpunkte ; Nr. 102
    Subjects: COVID-19; Arbeitsplatzverlust; Kinderbetreuung; Haushalt; Gender-Gap
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Evidence on job search models from a survey of unemployed workers in Germany
    Author: Della Vigna, Stefano; Heining, Jörg; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: 06 May 2020
    Publisher:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg

    The job finding rate of Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients declines in the initial months of unemployment and then exhibits a spike at the benefit exhaustion point. A range of theoretical explanations have been proposed, but those are hard to... more

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    The job finding rate of Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients declines in the initial months of unemployment and then exhibits a spike at the benefit exhaustion point. A range of theoretical explanations have been proposed, but those are hard to disentangle using data on job finding alone. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted a large text-message-based survey of unemployed workers in Germany. We surveyed 6,800 UI recipients twice a week for 4 months about their job search effort. The panel structure allows us to observe how search effort evolves within individual over the unemployment spell. We provide three key facts: 1) search effort is flat early on in the UI spell, 2) search effort exhibits an increase up to UI exhaustion and a decrease thereafter, 3) UI recipients do not appear to time job start dates to coincide with the UI exhaustion point. A model of reference-dependent job search can explain these facts well, while a standard search model with unobserved heterogeneity struggles to explain the second fact. The third fact also leaves little room for a model of storable offers to explain the spike. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eine neue Beschäftigung zu finden nimmt für Bezieher von Leistungen aus der Arbeitslosenversicherung in den ersten Monaten der Arbeitslosigkeit zunächst ab, steigt dann aber zum Ende der Bezugsdauer wieder an, um danach erneut abzuflachen. Zahlreiche theoretische Ansätze wurden bisher vorgeschlagen um dieses Muster zu erklären, jedoch ist dies kaum möglich sofern dafür nur Daten über die Tatsache der Arbeitsaufnahme an sich herangezogen werden. Um die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen besser zu verstehen habe wir mittels SMS-Kurznachrichten eine groß angelegte Befragung von Arbeitslosen durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden über 6.800 Leistungsbezieher zweimal pro Woche über jeweils vier Monate über der zeitlichen Aufwand bei der Suche nach einem neuen Arbeitsplatz befragt. Aufgrund der resultierenden Panelstruktur war es uns nun möglich Erkenntnisse zu sammeln, wie sich dieser zeitliche Aufwand auf individueller Ebene über die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit hinweg entwickelt. Unsere drei Hauptergebnisse lauten: 1) Der Suchaufwand verläuft flach zu Beginn der Arbeitslosigkeit. 2) Weiter steigt der Suchaufwand zum Ende der Bezugsdauer an, nimmt im Anschluß daran jedoch wieder ab. 3) Es gibt keine Anzeichen dafür, dass Leistungsbezieher die Aufnahme einer neuen Beschäftigung bewußt an das Ende der Bezugsdauer verzögern. Insbesondere das zweite und das dritte dieser Ergebnisse lassen sich kaum mit den Standardmodellen zur Arbeitsuche basierend auf unbeobachteter Heterogenität bzw. so genannten Storable Offer Modellen erklären. Dagegen können die genanntent Ergebnisse gut mittels eines Suchmodells mit Reference Dependence erklärt werden.

     
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/222398
    Series: IAB-discussion paper ; 2020, 13
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Evidence on job search models from a survey of unemployed workers in Germany
    Author: Della Vigna, Stefano; Heining, Jörg; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: April 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The job finding rate of Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients declines in the initial months of unemployment and then exhibits a spike at the benefit exhaustion point. A range of theoretical explanations have been proposed, but those are hard to... more

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    The job finding rate of Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients declines in the initial months of unemployment and then exhibits a spike at the benefit exhaustion point. A range of theoretical explanations have been proposed, but those are hard to disentangle using data on job finding alone. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted a large text-message-based survey of unemployed workers in Germany. We surveyed 6,800 UI recipients twice a week for 4 months about their job search effort. The panel structure allows us to observe how search effort evolves within individual over the unemployment spell. We provide three key facts: 1) search effort is flat early on in the UI spell, 2) search effort exhibits an increase up to UI exhaustion and a decrease thereafter, 3) UI recipients do not appear to time job start dates to coincide with the UI exhaustion point. A model of reference-dependent job search can explain these facts well, while a standard search model with unobserved heterogeneity struggles to explain the second fact. The third fact also leaves little room for a model of storable offers to explain the spike.

     
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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/216501
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13189
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 108 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Evidence on job search models from a survey of unemployed workers in Germany
    Author: Della Vigna, Stefano; Heining, Jörg; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: April 2020
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 27037
    Subjects: Arbeitsuche; Lohnersatzleistungen; Befragung; Deutschland
    Scope: 47 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  22. The gender gap in earnings losses after job displacement
    Author: Illing, Hannah; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: July 2023
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, [Bonn]

    We compare men and women who are displaced from similar jobs by applying an event study design combined with propensity score matching and reweighting to administrative data from Germany. After a mass layo, women's earnings losses are about 35%... more

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    We compare men and women who are displaced from similar jobs by applying an event study design combined with propensity score matching and reweighting to administrative data from Germany. After a mass layo, women's earnings losses are about 35% higher than men's, with the gap persisting five years after displacement. This is partly explained by women taking up more part-time employment, but even women's full-time wage losses are almost 50% higher than men's. Parenthood magnifies the gender gap sharply. Finally, displaced women spend less time on job search and apply for lower-paid jobs, highlighting the importance of labor supply decisions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/278571
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 247
    Subjects: Job Displacement; Gender Wage Gap; Job Search
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. The Gender Gap in Earnings Losses after Job Displacement
    Author: Illing, Hannah; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Existing research has shown that job displacement leads to large and persistent earnings losses for men, but evidence for women is scarce. Using administrative data from Germany, we apply an event study design in combination with propensity score... more

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    Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
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    Existing research has shown that job displacement leads to large and persistent earnings losses for men, but evidence for women is scarce. Using administrative data from Germany, we apply an event study design in combination with propensity score matching and a reweighting technique to directly compare men and women who are displaced from similar jobs and firms. Our results show that after a mass layoff, women's earnings losses are about 35% higher than men's, with the gap persisting five years after job displacement. This is partly explained by a higher propensity of women to take up part-time or marginal employment following job loss, but even full-time wage losses are almost 50% (or 5 percentage points) higher for women than for men. We then show that on the household level there is no evidence of an added worker effect, independent of the gender of the job loser. Finally, we document that parenthood magnifies the gender gap sharply: while fathers of young children have smaller earnings losses than men in general, mothers of young children have much larger earnings losses than other women

     
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w29251
    Subjects: Kündigung; Fraueneinkommen; Lohnstruktur; Geschlecht; Verdienstausfall; Arbeitslosigkeit; Deutschland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  24. The gender gap in earnings losses after job displacement
    Author: Schmieder, Johannes; Illing, Hannah; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: 14 September 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP16551
    Subjects: job loss; Gender Gap; unemployment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. The gender gap in earnings losses after job displacement
    Author: Illing, Hannah; Schmieder, Johannes; Trenkle, Simon
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Existing research has shown that job displacement leads to large and persistent earnings losses for men, but evidence for women is scarce. Using administrative data from Germany, we apply an event study design in combination with propensity score... more

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    Existing research has shown that job displacement leads to large and persistent earnings losses for men, but evidence for women is scarce. Using administrative data from Germany, we apply an event study design in combination with propensity score matching and a reweighting technique to directly compare men and women who are displaced from similar jobs and firms. Our results show that after a mass layoff, women's earnings losses are about 35% higher than men's, with the gap persisting five years after job displacement. This is partly explained by a higher propensity of women to take up part-time or marginal employment following job loss, but even full-time wage losses are almost 50% (or 5 percentage points) higher for women than for men. We then show that on the household level there is no evidence of an added worker effect, independent of the gender of the job loser. Finally, we document that parenthood magnifies the gender gap sharply: while fathers of young children have smaller earnings losses than men in general, mothers of young children have much larger earnings losses than other women.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245775
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14724
    Subjects: job-loss; gender pay gap; labor supply; household structure
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten), Illustrationen