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Displaying results 1 to 7 of 7.

  1. Distribution costs
    Author: Peter, Alessandra; Ruane, Cian
    Published: 2021 JAN
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We provide the first direct estimates of distribution expenses incurred by manufacturing plants and assess their importance for aggregate output. Using a novel measure from the Indian Annual Survey of Industries, we document three key facts: (1)... more

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    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Unter den Linden
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    We provide the first direct estimates of distribution expenses incurred by manufacturing plants and assess their importance for aggregate output. Using a novel measure from the Indian Annual Survey of Industries, we document three key facts: (1) distribution expenses are large - they amount to over half of labor costs; (2) plants in the largest decile - relative to the smallest - spend over three times as much on distribution as a share of sales; and (3) between 2000 and 2010, distribution costs as a share of sales declined by one third. We develop a model of heterogeneous manufacturing firms that rely on the distribution sector to sell their goods across space. We quantify the model using the facts on size and systematic heterogeneity in distribution shares as well as newly constructed estimates of intranational trade. Accounting for firm heterogeneity in distribution requirements is important: welfare losses from low TFP in the distribution sector are amplified 1.5-fold. From 2000 to 2010, India saw an increase in intranational trade hand in hand with a decrease in the distribution share. In combination with the model, these trends suggest largescale decreases in both variable and fixed costs of distribution, leading to welfare gains of 58% over this ten year period

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781616355036
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    Series: Working paper / International Monetary Fund ; WP/22, 7
    Subjects: Distribution; transportation costs; aggregate productivity; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence; Distribution, Transportation Costs and Aggregate Productivity; Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development; Measurement of Economic Growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Distribution costs
    Author: Peter, Alessandra; Ruane, Cian
    Published: 2021 JAN
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We provide the first direct estimates of distribution expenses incurred by manufacturing plants and assess their importance for aggregate output. Using a novel measure from the Indian Annual Survey of Industries, we document three key facts: (1)... more

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    We provide the first direct estimates of distribution expenses incurred by manufacturing plants and assess their importance for aggregate output. Using a novel measure from the Indian Annual Survey of Industries, we document three key facts: (1) distribution expenses are large - they amount to over half of labor costs; (2) plants in the largest decile - relative to the smallest - spend over three times as much on distribution as a share of sales; and (3) between 2000 and 2010, distribution costs as a share of sales declined by one third. We develop a model of heterogeneous manufacturing firms that rely on the distribution sector to sell their goods across space. We quantify the model using the facts on size and systematic heterogeneity in distribution shares as well as newly constructed estimates of intranational trade. Accounting for firm heterogeneity in distribution requirements is important: welfare losses from low TFP in the distribution sector are amplified 1.5-fold. From 2000 to 2010, India saw an increase in intranational trade hand in hand with a decrease in the distribution share. In combination with the model, these trends suggest largescale decreases in both variable and fixed costs of distribution, leading to welfare gains of 58% over this ten year period

     
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  3. Network-based hiring
    local benefits, global costs
    Author: Chandrasekhar, Arun G.; Morten, Melanie; Peter, Alessandra
    Published: February 2020
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    W 1 (26806)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 26806
    Subjects: Personalauswahl; Soziales Netzwerk; Unternehmenswachstum
    Scope: 55 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
  4. Recovery from the COVID-19 shock and the informal labour market in urban Uganda
    final report
    Author: Bassi, Vittorio; Lee, Jay; Peter, Alessandra; Porzio, Tommaso; Sen, Ritwika; Tugume, Esau
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  IGC, [London]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Subjects: Coronavirus; Lockdown; Beschäftigungseffekt; Städtischer Arbeitsmarkt; Informelle Wirtschaft; Industrie; Uganda
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Self-Employment Within the Firm
    Author: Bassi, Vittorio; Lee, Jay; Peter, Alessandra; Porzio, Tommaso; Sen, Ritwika; Tugume, Esau
    Published: September 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We collect time-use data for entrepreneurs and their workers in over 1,000 manufacturing firms in urban Uganda. We document limited labor specialization within the firm for establishments of all sizes and argue that this is likely due to the... more

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    We collect time-use data for entrepreneurs and their workers in over 1,000 manufacturing firms in urban Uganda. We document limited labor specialization within the firm for establishments of all sizes and argue that this is likely due to the prevalence of product customization. We then develop a general equilibrium model of task assignment within the firm, estimate it with our data, and find large barriers to labor specialization. This setting is close, in terms of aggregate productivity and firm scale, to an extreme benchmark in which each firm is just a collection of self-employed individuals sharing a production space. Given how firms are organized internally, the benefits from alleviating other frictions that constrain firm growth are muted: most African firms resemble artisanal workshops whose business model is not easily scalable

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31740
    Subjects: Unternehmer; Selbstständige; Angestellte; Industrie; Arbeitsteilung; Uganda; Organization of Production; Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope; Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development; Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology; Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  6. The Aggregate Importance of Intermediate Input Substitutability
    Author: Peter, Alessandra; Ruane, Cian
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We estimate long-run elasticities of substitution between intermediate inputs for Indian manufacturing plants. India's trade liberalization in the early 1990s provides an ideal natural policy experiment, with permanent and heterogeneous tariff... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    We estimate long-run elasticities of substitution between intermediate inputs for Indian manufacturing plants. India's trade liberalization in the early 1990s provides an ideal natural policy experiment, with permanent and heterogeneous tariff reductions inducing changes in relative prices which we use for identification. We find a high degree of substitutability at the plant-level between 8 broad categories of material inputs, significantly above the Cobb-Douglas benchmark of 1. In contrast, we find elasticities less than 1 between energy, materials, and services as well as between value added and intermediates. We embed our elasticities in a general equilibrium model with a rich input-output structure to quantify their importance. Relative to a Cobb-Douglas benchmark, the aggregate gains from trade are 9% larger when intermediate inputs are substitutes, and come hand in hand with 40% more reallocation of labor across sectors. Furthermore, the aggregate gains from closing the India-U.S. TFP gap in any one sector are on average 29% larger with our estimated elasticities; losses from misallocation of intermediate inputs are more than 3 times larger

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31233
    Subjects: Faktorsubstitution; Industrie; Substitutionselastizität; Cobb-Douglas-Produktionsfunktion; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Außenwirtschaftstheorie; Indien; Production; Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development; Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
    Notes:

    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  7. Self-employment within the firm
    Author: Bassi, Vittorio; Lee, Jay; Peter, Alessandra; Porzio, Tommaso; Sen, Ritwika; Tugume, Esau
    Published: 26 September 2023
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP18487
    Subjects: Self-employment; Economic development; Macroeconomics; Firm organization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen