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  1. Genetic and socioeconomic achievement gaps in elementary school
    Author: Houmark, Mikkel Aagaard; Ronda, Victor; Agerbo, Esben; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Rosholm, Michael
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Socioeconomic (SES) gaps in academic achievement are well documented. We show that a very similar gap exists with respect to genetic differences measured by a polygenic score (PGS) for educational attainment. The genetic gap increases during... more

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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    Socioeconomic (SES) gaps in academic achievement are well documented. We show that a very similar gap exists with respect to genetic differences measured by a polygenic score (PGS) for educational attainment. The genetic gap increases during elementary school, but only among the low SES children. Consequently, the high PGS children experience the largest achievement growth over the school years, even if they are born in socioeconomic disadvantage. While the SES gaps are partly due to selection into different environments, the high PGS children are simply better at extracting resources from a given environment because of higher conscientiousness and other predispositions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263634
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15418
    Subjects: child development; academic achievement; genetics; ses gaps; elementary schools; public investments; iPSYCH
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Family disadvantage, gender and the returns to genetic human capital
    Author: Ronda, Victor; Agerbo, Esben; Bleses, Dorthe; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Børglum, Anders; Hougaard, David M.; Mors, Ole; Nordentoft, Merete; Werge, Thomas; Rosholm, Michael
    Published: July 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper relies on a large-scale sample of genotyped individuals linked with detailed register data in Denmark to investigate the context-dependence of genetic influences on human capital formation. We show that the returns to genetic endowments,... more

    Access:
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Verlag (kostenfrei)
    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 4
    Inter-library loan:
    No inter-library loan

     

    This paper relies on a large-scale sample of genotyped individuals linked with detailed register data in Denmark to investigate the context-dependence of genetic influences on human capital formation. We show that the returns to genetic endowments, measured by a polygenic score for educational attainment, are significantly attenuated by childhood disadvantage. We replicate the findings in a within-family analysis, where we exploit exogenous genetic variation across siblings to control for unobserved family influences. We also explore gender differences in the context-dependence of genetic influences and find the attenuation effect of childhood disadvantage on educational attainment to be significantly stronger for males than for females. We show our findings extend to a representative sample of the Danish population. Our results highlight an important mechanism driving the persistence of disadvantage across generations. We show that children who experience childhood disadvantage are not able to fully realize their educational potential, even in the context of the generous Danish welfare-state.

     
    Export to reference management software   RIS file
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/223883
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13441
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen