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  1. Political ideology, mood response, and the confirmation bias
    Author: Dickinson, David L.
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The confirmation bias is a well-known form of motivated reasoning that serves to protect an individual from cognitive discomfort. Hearing rival viewpoints or belief-opposing information creates cognitive dissonance, and so avoiding exposure to, or... more

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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 4
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    The confirmation bias is a well-known form of motivated reasoning that serves to protect an individual from cognitive discomfort. Hearing rival viewpoints or belief-opposing information creates cognitive dissonance, and so avoiding exposure to, or discounting the validity of, dissonant information are rational strategies that may help avoid or mitigate negative emotion. Because there is often systematic thought involved in generating the confirmation bias, deliberation tends to promote this behavioral bias. Nevertheless, the importance of negative emotion in triggering the need for this bias is underappreciated. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by examining mood and the confirmation bias in the political domain. Using results from two studies and three distinct decision tasks, we present data on over 1100 participants documenting the confirmation bias in different settings. All methods (recruitment and sample size, hypotheses, variables, analysis plans, etc.) were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. Our data show evidence of a confirmation bias across distinct dimensions of belief and preference formation. As hypothesized, the data show a strong increase in self-reported negative mood states after viewing political statements or information that are dissonant with one's political ideology. Finally, while not as robust across tasks, we report evidence that supports our hypothesis that negative mood will moderate the strength of the confirmation bias. Together, these results highlight the importance of mood response in understanding the confirmation bias, which helps further our understanding of how this bias may be particularly difficult to combat.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263644
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15428
    Subjects: confirmation bias; sleep; deliberation; cognitive reflection; motivated reasoning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 120 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Political ideology, mood response, and the confirmation bias
    Author: Dickinson, David L.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC

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    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    VS 531
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Department of Economics working paper / Appalachian State University ; number 22, 04 (June 2022)
    Subjects: confirmation bias; sleep; deliberation; cognitive reflection; motivated reasoning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 119 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Unethical decision making and sleep restriction
    experimental evidence
    Author: Dickinson, David L.; Masclet, David
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Department of Economics working paper / Appalachian State University ; number 21, 09 (July 2021)
    Subjects: Ethical choice; dishonesty; antisocial behavior; sleep
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Unethical decision making and sleep restriction: experimental evidence
    Author: Dickinson, David L.; Masclet, David
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Recent examinations into the cognitive underpinnings of ethical decision making has focused on understanding whether honesty is more likely to result from deliberative or unconscious decision processes. We randomly assigned participants to a... more

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    Recent examinations into the cognitive underpinnings of ethical decision making has focused on understanding whether honesty is more likely to result from deliberative or unconscious decision processes. We randomly assigned participants to a multi-night sleep manipulation, after which they completed 3 tasks of interest: imperfectly identifiable dishonesty (the Coin Flip task), identifiable dishonesty (the Matrix task), and anti-social allocation choices (the Money Burning game). We document the validity of the sleep protocol via significantly reduced nightly sleep levels (objectively measured using validated instrumentation) and significantly higher sleepiness ratings in the sleep-restricted (SR) group compared to the well-rested (WR) group. We report that money burning decisions are not statistically different between SR and WR participants. However, regarding honesty, we find significant and robust effects of SR on honesty. In total, given the connection between sleepiness and deliberation, these results add to the literature that has identified conditions under which deliberation impacts ethical choice. When dishonesty harms an abstract "other" person (e.g., the researcher's budget), reduced deliberation more likely increases dishonesty compared to when harm is done to someone at closer social distance (e.g., another subject).

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245588
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14537
    Subjects: ethical choice; dishonesty; antisocial behavior; sleep
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen