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Displaying results 1 to 18 of 18.

  1. Income risk inequality
    evidence from Spanish administrative records
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane; De Vera, Micole; Hospido, Laura; Wei, Siqi
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Documentos de trabajo / Banco de España, Eurosistema ; no. 2136
    Subjects: Spain; income dynamics; administrative data; income risk; inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Recovering latent variables by matching
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  Centro de estudios monetarios y financieros, Madrid, Spain

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / CEMFI ; 1914
    Subjects: Latent variables; nonparametric estimation; matching; factor models; optimal transport; income dynamics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Recovering latent variables by matching
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Cemmap, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, The Institute for Fiscal Studies, Department of Economics, UCL, [London]

    We propose an optimal-transport-based matching method to nonparametrically estimate linear models with independent latent variables. The method consists in generating pseudo-observations from the latent variables, so that the Euclidean distance... more

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    We propose an optimal-transport-based matching method to nonparametrically estimate linear models with independent latent variables. The method consists in generating pseudo-observations from the latent variables, so that the Euclidean distance between the model’s predictions and their matched counterparts in the data is minimized. We show that our nonparametric estimator is consistent, and we document that it performs well in simulated data. We apply this method to study the cyclicality of permanent and transitory income shocks in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We find that the dispersion of income shocks is approximately acyclical, whereas the skewness of permanent shocks is procyclical. By comparison, we find that the dispersion and skewness of shocks to hourly wages vary little with the business cycle.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/241877
    Series: Cemmap working paper ; CWP20, 2
    Subjects: Latent variables; nonparametric estimation; matching; factor models; optimaltransport; income dynamics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Tax progressivity in australia
    facts, measurements and estimates
    Author: Tran, Chung; Zakariyya, Nabeeh
    Published: March 2019
    Publisher:  Australian National University, [Canberra]

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    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 0868316679
    Series: ANU working papers in economics and econometrics ; #667
    Subjects: Taxation; progressiveness; income dynamics; inequality; parametric tax function; Suits index; Kakwani index
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. High frequency income dynamics
    Author: Druedahl, Jeppe; Graber, Michael; Jørgensen, Thomas H.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  CEBI, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/258952
    Series: CEBI working paper series ; 21, 08
    Subjects: Consumption-saving; income dynamics; panel data models
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Progressive income-contingent student loans
    Author: Hua, Yue; Kudrna, George
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  CEPAR, ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, [Kensington, NSW]

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    Series: Working paper / CEPAR, ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research ; 2024, 04
    Subjects: Student loans; income-contingent repayment; income dynamics; heterogeneous-agent life-cycle model
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Using census, social security and tax data from the Multi-Agency Data Integration Project (MADIP) to impute the complete Australian income distribution
    Author: Biddle, Nicholas; Marasinghe, Dinith
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Series: TTPI - working papers ; 2021, 8 (April 2021)
    Subjects: MADIP data; machine learning; model validation and selection; imputation; income distributions; income dynamics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Inequality and income dynamics in Germany
    Author: Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas; Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Walz, Hannes; Wolter, Stefanie
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the... more

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    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men's earnings changes are on average smaller than women's but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men's earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs’ income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers' income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252122
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9605 (2022)
    Subjects: inequality; income dynamics; mobility; non-labor income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 143 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Income risk inequality
    evidence from Spanish administrative records
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane; De Vera, Micole; Hospido, Laura; Wei, Siqi
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  Centro de estudios monetarios y financieros, Madrid, Spain

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    Series: Working paper / CEMFI ; 2109
    Subjects: Spain; income dynamics; administrative data; income risk; inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Income risk inequality
    evidence from Spanish administrative records
    Author: Arellano, Manuel; Bonhomme, Stéphane; De Vera, Micole; Hospido, Laura; Wei, Siqi
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, London

    In this paper we use administrative data from the social security to study income dynamics and income risk inequality in Spain between 2005 and 2018. We construct individual measures of income risk as functions of past employment history, income, and... more

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    In this paper we use administrative data from the social security to study income dynamics and income risk inequality in Spain between 2005 and 2018. We construct individual measures of income risk as functions of past employment history, income, and demographics. Focusing on males, we document that income risk is highly unequal in Spain: more than half of the economy has close to perfect predictability of their income, while some face considerable uncertainty. Income risk is inversely related to income and age, and income risk inequality increases markedly in the recession. These findings are robust to a variety of specifications, including using neural networks for prediction and allowing for individual unobserved heterogeneity.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/249692
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 21, 37
    Subjects: Spain; income dynamics; administrative data; income risk; inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Inequality and income dynamics in Germany
    Author: Drechsel-Grau, Moritz; Peichl, Andreas; Schmieder, Johannes; Schmid, Kai D.; Walz, Hannes; Wolter, Stefanie
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the... more

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    We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men's earnings changes are on average smaller than women's but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men's earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs' income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers' income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252239
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15115
    Subjects: inequality; income dynamics; mobility; non-labor income
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 142 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act help counties most affected by the Great Recession?
    Author: Crucini, Mario J.; Vu, Nam T.
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, [Canberra]

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    Format: Online
    Series: CAMA working paper ; 2019, 57 (August 2019)
    Subjects: the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; fiscal stimulus; risk-sharing; county-levelwage income; income dynamics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Insurance against income shocks, parental investments, and child development
    Author: Carneiro, Pedro; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Tominey, Emma
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11250/3133434
    Series: Discussion paper / NHH, Department of Economics ; SAM 2024, 10 (June 2024)
    Subjects: Child human capital; insurance; income dynamics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Labor income dynamics and the insurance from taxes, transfers, and the family
    Author: Blundell, Richard W.; Graber, Michael; Mogstad, Magne
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    What do labor income dynamics look like over the life-cycle? What is the relative importance of persistent shocks, transitory shocks and heterogeneous profiles? To what extent do taxes, transfers and the family attenuate these various factors in the... more

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    What do labor income dynamics look like over the life-cycle? What is the relative importance of persistent shocks, transitory shocks and heterogeneous profiles? To what extent do taxes, transfers and the family attenuate these various factors in the evolution of life-cycle inequality? In this paper, we use rich Norwegian data to answer these important questions. We let individuals with different education levels have a separate income process; and within each skill group, we allow for non-stationarity in age and time, heterogeneous experience profiles, and shocks of varying persistence. We find that the income processes differ systematically by age, skill level and their interaction. To accurately describe labor income dynamics over the life-cycle, it is necessary to allow for heterogeneity by education levels and account for non-stationarity in age and time. Our findings suggest that the progressive nature of the Norwegian tax-transfer system plays a key role in attenuating the magnitude and persistence of income shocks, especially among the low skilled. By comparison, spouse's income matters less for the dynamics of inequality over the life-cycle.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/93375
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 7916
    Subjects: income dynamics; insurance; life cycle inequality
    Scope: Online-Ressource (43 S.), graph. Darst.
  15. The role of education and household composition for transitory and permanent income inequality
    evidence from PSID data
    Author: Ludwig, Johannes
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  RWI, Essen

    Transitory and permanent shocks to income have been shown to be important determinants of household consumption. This paper shows that there are significant differences in the development of transitory and permanent inequality of household income... more

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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    Transitory and permanent shocks to income have been shown to be important determinants of household consumption. This paper shows that there are significant differences in the development of transitory and permanent inequality of household income between demographic groups since the 1980s. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics the educational attainment and the composition of a household are found to play a key role. While permanent inequality increases steadily for educated households, it is flat over large parts of the sample period for the less educated households. Transitory inequality increases for all households headed by couples whereas it is constant for single households. Taken together, permanent shocks explain on average a larger part of the income variance of educated households whereas transitory shocks are relatively more important for the less educated. These results that can be explained by changes to skill demand and an increased female labor force participation are potentially able to explain empirical findings on the transmission of changes in income inequality to consumption inequality. Transitorische und permanente Einkommensschocks sind entscheidende Determinanten des Haushaltskonsums. Dieser Artikel zeigt, dass es seit Beginn der 1980er Jahre signifikante Unterschiede im Verlauf von transitorischer und permanenter Ungleichheit des Haushaltseinkommens zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen der US-Bevölkerung gibt. Mit Hilfe von Daten der Panel Study of Income Dynamics stellt sich heraus, dass der Bildungsabschluss und die Zusammensetzung eines Haushalts eine Schlüsselrolle spielen. Während permanente Ungleichheit für gebildete Haushalte stetig wächst, gibt es keinerlei Anstieg für weniger gebildete Haushalte über einen großen Zeitraum der Stichprobe. Transitorische Ungleichheit hingegen steigt für alle Paarhaushalte an, ist aber für Single-Haushalte konstant. Zusammengenommen erklären permanente Schocks durchschnittlich einen größeren Teil der Einkommensvarianz der gebildeten Haushalte, wohingegen transitorische Schocks im Vergleich bedeutender für weniger gebildete sind. Diese Resultate, die potenziell durch Veränderungen in der Nachfrage nach Qualifikationen und einer höheren Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung von Frauen hervorgerufen werden, sind in der Lage, empirische Befunde zu erklären, wie stark sich Veränderungen der Einkommensungleichheit auf Konsumungleichheit übertragen.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9783867885423
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/96136
    Series: Ruhr economic papers ; 478
    Subjects: Income inequality; transitory and permanent inequality; income dynamics
    Scope: Online-Ressource (30 S.), graph. Darst.
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    Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
  16. The lifetime earnings premium in the public sector
    the view from Europe
    Author: Dickson, Matt; Postel-Vinay, Fabien; Turon, Hélène
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  IZA, Bonn

    In a context of widespread concern about budget deficits, it is important to assess whether public sector pay is in line with the private sector. Our paper proposes an estimation of differences in lifetime values of employment between public and... more

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    In a context of widespread concern about budget deficits, it is important to assess whether public sector pay is in line with the private sector. Our paper proposes an estimation of differences in lifetime values of employment between public and private sectors for five European countries. We use data from the European Community Household Panel over the period 1994-2001 for Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Spain. We look at lifetime values instead of wage levels because, as we show in our results, differences in earnings mobility, earnings volatility and job loss risk across sectors occur in many instances and these will matter to forward-looking individuals. When aggregated into a measure of lifetime value of employment in either sector, these differences yield estimates of the lifetime premium in the public sector for these five countries. We also present differences in the institutional and labour market structures in these countries and find that countries for which we estimate a positive lifetime premium in the public sector, i.e. France and Spain, are also the countries where access to the public sector requires costly entry procedures. This paper is to the best of our knowledge the first to use this dynamic approach applied to Europe, which we are able to do with a common dataset, time-period and model.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/99025
    Series: Discussion paper series / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit ; 8159
    Subjects: income dynamics; job mobility; public-private inequality; selection effects; institutions
    Scope: Online-Ressource (91 S.), graph. Darst.
  17. Microeconomic models with latent variables
    applications of measurement error models in empirical industrial organization and labor economics
    Author: Hu, Yingyao
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, London

    This paper reviews recent developments in nonparametric identi.cation of mea- surement error models and their applications in applied microeconomics, in particular, in empirical industrial organization and labor economics. Measurement error models... more

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    This paper reviews recent developments in nonparametric identi.cation of mea- surement error models and their applications in applied microeconomics, in particular, in empirical industrial organization and labor economics. Measurement error models describe mappings from a latent distribution to an observed distribution. The identification and estimation of measurement error models focus on how to obtain the latent distribution and the measurement error distribution from the observed distribution. Such a framework may be suitable for many microeconomic models with latent variables, such as models with unobserved heterogeneity or unobserved state variables and panel data models with fixed effects. Recent developments in measurement error models allow very flexible specification of the latent distribution and the measurement error distribution. These developments greatly broaden economic applications of measurement error models. This paper provides an accessible introduction of these technical results to empirical researchers so as to expand applications of measurement error models.

     
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  18. Annual and lifetime incidence of the value-added tax in France
    Author: Georges-Kot, Simon
    Published: Septembre 2015
    Publisher:  INSEE, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Malakoff

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    Series: Document de travail / Direction des études et synthèses économiques ; G 2015/12
    Subjects: consumption dynamics; income dynamics; value-added tax; life cycle
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen