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Displaying results 126 to 150 of 361.

  1. Finding your calling
    matching skills with jobs in the mutual fund industry
    Author: Cici, Gjergji; Hendriock, Mario; Kempf, Alexander
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Centre for Financial Research, Cologne

    To best utilize labor, companies need to match employees’ skills with jobs that best fit those skills. Exploiting unique features of the mutual fund industry, we identify instances when this matching happens for fund managers and study its... more

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    To best utilize labor, companies need to match employees’ skills with jobs that best fit those skills. Exploiting unique features of the mutual fund industry, we identify instances when this matching happens for fund managers and study its consequences. After fund managers are matched, they improve their risk-adjusted performance significantly. Fund companies use this information to maximize company value by reallocating existing and directing new capital to their matched managers and by collecting higher fees from the matched managers’ funds. In addition, they make the expertise of matched managers available to the other managers of the fund company.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/262224
    Series: CFR working paper ; no. 19, 05
    Subjects: human capital; mutual funds; occupational match finding
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Parenting styles, socioeconomic status and (non-)cognitive skills
    Author: Kugler, Philipp; Kroczek, Martin; Zühlke, Anne
    Published: (Juli 2022)
    Publisher:  Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung e.V., Tübingen, Germany

    This paper analyzes the role of parenting styles, a recent topic in the economic literature. Using a novel latent class model, we investigate which parenting styles can be observed in the data and how parenting styles are related to parents’... more

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    This paper analyzes the role of parenting styles, a recent topic in the economic literature. Using a novel latent class model, we investigate which parenting styles can be observed in the data and how parenting styles are related to parents’ socioeconomic status and household composition. We identify four parenting styles. An authoritarian and an authoritative style closely resemble the styles proposed by psychologists. The two other styles are variations of these styles. The parenting styles are strongly associated with household income, education and whether a child is an only child. The results suggest that constraints in both time and (non-)cognitive skills of the parents restrict their choice. We find that children’s skills, in particular non-cognitive skills, are strongly associated with the parenting style. Parenting styles that are associated with low household income and having more than one child are associated with lower skills of the child. Therefore, our results indicate that parenting styles might be an important factor in explaining the skill gap in early childhood between children from different socioeconomic origins.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283167
    Series: IAW discussion papers ; no. 138 (July 2022)
    Subjects: human capital; skills; parenting; child rearing; parenting style; social mobility; socio-economic status; topic modeling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Reaping the rewards later
    how education improves old-age cognition in South Africa
    Author: Nikolov, Plamen; Yeh, Steve
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Cognitive performance in late adulthood is critical for better welfare and understanding the causes of human capital depreciation in old age is increasingly crucial in aging societies. Using data from South Africa, we study how early life education... more

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    Cognitive performance in late adulthood is critical for better welfare and understanding the causes of human capital depreciation in old age is increasingly crucial in aging societies. Using data from South Africa, we study how early life education affects cognition, a component of human capital critical to decision-making, in late adulthood. We show that an extra year of schooling improves memory and general cognition performance. We detect heterogeneous treatment effects by gender: the effects are stronger among women. We explore mechanisms and show that a more supportive social environment, improved health habits, and reduced stress levels are likely mediators for the beneficial effects of increased educational attainment on old-age cognition.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15432
    Subjects: Weiterbildung; Altenbildung; Alter; Humankapital; Kognitive Kompetenz; human capital; educational attainment; cognitive performance; developing countries; aging; sub-Saharan Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten)
  4. Apprenticeships
    Author: Backes-Gellner, Uschi; Lehnert, Patrick
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  Universität Zürich, IBW - Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Zürich

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    Series: Working paper / Swiss Leading House ; no. 194
    Subjects: dual apprenticeship; vocational education and training (VET); human capital; training costs and benefits
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  5. Late-in-life investments in human capital
    evidence from the (unintended) effects of a pension reform
    Author: Chinetti, Simone
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  [CeRP, Center for Research on Pensions and Welfare Policies], [Torino]

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    Edition: This draft: March 23, 2022
    Series: Working paper / CeRP ; 207 (22)
    Subjects: human capital; pension reform; longer working horizon; middle-agedworkers
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Intergenerational income mobility in England and the importance of education
    Author: Carneiro, Pedro; Cattan, Sarah; Dearden, Lorraine; Erve, Laura van der; Krutikova, Sonya; Macmillan, Lindsey
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    We use newly linked UK administrative to estimate absolute income mobility for children born in England in the 1980s. We find huge differences across the country, with a strong North-South gradient. Children from low-income families who grew up in... more

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    We use newly linked UK administrative to estimate absolute income mobility for children born in England in the 1980s. We find huge differences across the country, with a strong North-South gradient. Children from low-income families who grew up in the lowest mobility areas - overwhelmingly in the North - are expected to end up around fifteen percentiles lower in the income distribution as adults compared to those from the highest mobility areas - overwhelmingly in the South-East. Differences in average educational achievement across areas can explain 25% of this variation in absolute mobility within the country for men, and more than 45% of the variation for women. This indicates that education policy has an important role to play to equalise opportunities of children from low-income families across the country, though will not be sufficient to fully do so on its own. High mobility is further strongly related to stronger labour markets, more stable families, higher median income and better schools.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267954
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 23
    Subjects: social mobility; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The value of language skills
    a common language facilitates communication and economic efficiency, but linguistic diversity has economic and cultural value too
    Author: Grenier, Gilles; Zhang, Weiguo
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    In today's globalized world, people are increasingly mobile and often need to communicate across different languages. Learning a new language is an investment in human capital. Migrants must learn the language of their destination country, but even... more

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    In today's globalized world, people are increasingly mobile and often need to communicate across different languages. Learning a new language is an investment in human capital. Migrants must learn the language of their destination country, but even non-migrants must often learn other languages if their work involves communicating with foreigners. Economic studies have shown that fluency in a dominant language is important to economic success and increases economic efficiency. However, maintaining linguistic diversity also has value since language is also an expression of people's culture.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260687
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 205v2
    Subjects: language; human capital; immigration; lingua franca; English; linguistic diversity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Is hiring foreign worth it?
    spillover from foreign firms' human capital and local firms' productivity
    Author: Pyun, Ju Hyun; Sun, Jong-in
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local firms' productivity via human capital transfer from MNEs to local firms. Using the firm-level data for 2010-2015 from the Republic of Korea, we identify human capital... more

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    This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local firms' productivity via human capital transfer from MNEs to local firms. Using the firm-level data for 2010-2015 from the Republic of Korea, we identify human capital spillovers using local firms' hired permanent foreign employees in an industry and region where MNEs and local firms operate. This identification is valid because permanent foreign workers hired by local firms tend to be visa holders from MNEs due to the Republic of Korea's visa regulations. We find that the industry and regional FDI positively affect local firms' productivity, particularly firms with higher growth in hiring skilled foreign employees. This human capital spillover from FDI is also more pronounced in high R&D-intensive industries. Our results are robust with various measures of skilled foreign employees hired by local firms, variations of specifications, and controlling for endogeneity issues. Our findings on positive FDI spillovers via human capital transfer to a local firm suggest that policymakers may relax unnecessary regulations for highly skilled foreign workers and provide a platform where a local firm's manager and skilled foreign employees find each other.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/267757
    Series: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1324 (June 2022)
    Subjects: FDI; firm productivity; human capital; foreign employees; technology spillover; knowledge spillover; visa status
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource
  9. Parenting types
    Author: Rauh, Christopher; Renée, Laëtitia
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Series: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2110
    Cambridge-INET working paper series ; 2021, 05
    Subjects: Parenting styles; human capital; latent Dirichlet allocation; inequality; machine learning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Il sistema universitario
    un confronto tra Centro-Nord e Mezzogiorno
    Author: Mariani, Vincenzo; Torrin, Roberto
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Language: Italian
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 675 (March 2022)
    Subjects: geographic divides; human capital; internal migrations; higher education funding
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Is training effective for older workers?
    training programs that meet the learning needs of older workers can improve their employability
    Author: Picchio, Matteo
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    The labor market position of older workers is cause for concern in many industrialized countries. Rapid population aging is challenging pension systems. The recent economic crisis has forced many older adults out of the workforce, into either... more

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    The labor market position of older workers is cause for concern in many industrialized countries. Rapid population aging is challenging pension systems. The recent economic crisis has forced many older adults out of the workforce, into either pre-retirement or non-employment. Encouraging people to work longer and fostering the employability of older workers have become priorities for policymakers. Training specifically designed for older workers might help attain these goals, since it may refresh human capital and reduce the pay-productivity gap. Training older workers might also benefit employers and society as a whole.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260678
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 121v2
    Subjects: older workers; training; human capital; employability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Early-life medical care and human capital accumulatio
    medical care and public health interventions in early childhood may improve human capital accumulation as well as child health
    Author: Daysal, N. Meltem; Hirani, Jonas Cuzulan
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Ample empirical evidence links adverse conditions during early childhood (the period from conception to age five) to worse health outcomes and lower academic achievement in adulthood. Can early-life medical care and public health interventions... more

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    Ample empirical evidence links adverse conditions during early childhood (the period from conception to age five) to worse health outcomes and lower academic achievement in adulthood. Can early-life medical care and public health interventions ameliorate these effects? Recent research suggests that both types of interventions may benefit not only child health but also long-term educational outcomes. In some cases, the effects of interventions may spillover to other family members. These findings can be used to design policies that improve long-term outcomes and reduce economic inequality.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260690
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2021, 217v2
    Subjects: medical care; public health; children; schooling; test scores; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 11 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Firms, sorting, and the immigrant-native earnings gap
    the immigrant-native earnings gap is due in part to firm-specific factors resulting from differential sorting of workers into firms
    Author: Dostie, Benoît
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    Recent research has tried to quantify how firms contribute to the immigrant-native earnings gap. Findings from several countries show that around 20% of the gap is due to firm policies that lead to a systematic underrepresentation of immigrants at... more

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    Recent research has tried to quantify how firms contribute to the immigrant-native earnings gap. Findings from several countries show that around 20% of the gap is due to firm policies that lead to a systematic underrepresentation of immigrants at higher-paying firms. Results also show that some of the closing of the gap over time is attributable to the reallocation of immigrants toward higher-paying employers. This pattern is especially pronounced for immigrants coming from disadvantaged countries, who face several barriers at initial entry, including language difficulties and lack of recognition of their educational credentials.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260722
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2022, 488
    Subjects: immigrants; earnings; workers; firms; sorting; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 10 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Does emigration increase the wages of non-emigrants in sending countries
    emigration can increase the wages of non-emigrants, but may eventually lead to lower productivity and wage losses
    Author: Elsner, Benjamin
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), Bonn

    How migration affects labor markets in receiving countries is well understood, but less is known about how migration affects labor markets in sending countries, particularly the wages of workers who do not emigrate. Most studies find that emigration... more

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    How migration affects labor markets in receiving countries is well understood, but less is known about how migration affects labor markets in sending countries, particularly the wages of workers who do not emigrate. Most studies find that emigration increases wages in the sending country but only for non-emigrants with substitutable skills similar to those of emigrants; non-emigrants with different (complementary) skills lose. These wage reactions are short-term effects, however. If a country loses many highly educated workers, the economy can become less productive altogether, leading to lower wages for everyone in the long term.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260688
    Series: IZA world of labor ; 2022, 208v2
    Subjects: emigration; wages; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Previous version November 2015
  15. Ownership, governance, management and firm performance
    evidence from Italian firms
    Author: Baltrunaite, Audinga; Formai, Sara; Linarello, Andrea; Mocett, Sauro
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia, [Rom]

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    Language: Italian
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    Series: Questioni di economia e finanza / Banca d'Italia ; number 678 (March 2022)
    Subjects: ownership; family firms; corporate governance; managerial practices; human capital; firm size; productivity; technology
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. How IT progress affects returns to specialization and social skills
    Author: Kiener, Fabienne; Eggenberger, Christian; Backes-Gellner, Uschi
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  Universität Zürich, IBW - Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Zürich

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    Edition: First draft
    Series: Working paper / Swiss Leading House ; no. 192
    Subjects: digitalization; IT progress; skills; education; human capital
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Child labour theories and policies
    Author: Rosati, Furio Camillo
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  CEIS Tor Vergata, [Rom]

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    Series: CEIS Tor Vergata research paper series ; vol. 20, issue 2 = no. 533 (March 2022)
    Subjects: child labour; human capital; labour market
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Intrahousehold responses to imbalanced human capital subsidies
    evidence from the Philippine conditional cash transfer program
    Author: Raitzer, David A.; Batmunkh, Odbayar; Yarcia, Damaris
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    Extensive global evidence suggests that conditional cash transfers (CCTs) encourage long-term investment in human capital by poor households. However, CCTs also have the potential to distort incentives for investment among children. If only some... more

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    Extensive global evidence suggests that conditional cash transfers (CCTs) encourage long-term investment in human capital by poor households. However, CCTs also have the potential to distort incentives for investment among children. If only some children in the household are monitored/subsidized for compliance with conditionalities, returns to household investment in those children increase relative to siblings who are unmonitored/unsubsidized. This paper demonstrates that puzzling nutrition effects of the Philippine CCT are driven by effects on children unmonitored for educational compliance, due to a cap of monitoring at most three children per household. Regression discontinuity design interacted with a secondary instrument for monitoring finds that while monitored children have improved human capital investment, such investment declines for unmonitored children relative to nonbeneficiaries. Patterns are consistent for parental expectations, health, anthropometric, and educational outcomes, and are stronger for boys, in accordance with theoretical expectations. Equalized incentives among children can enhance intended CCT effects.

     
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    hdl: 10419/259483
    Series: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 645 (December 2021)
    Subjects: social protection; conditional cash transfer; human capital; intrahousehold allocation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Hiring entrepreneurs for innovation
    Author: Lindbjerg, Louise; Vladasel, Theodor
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Economics and Business, Barcelona

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    Series: Economics working paper series ; no. 1811
    Subjects: Innovation; learning by hiring; entrepreneurship; execution skills; human capital; middle management
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten)
  20. Characterizing the schooling cycle
    Author: Sadaba, Barbara; Vujić, Sunčica; Maier, Sofia
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper develops a novel and tractable empirical approach to estimate the cycle in schooling participation decisions, which we denominate the schooling cycle. The estimation procedure is based on unobserved components time series models that... more

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    This paper develops a novel and tractable empirical approach to estimate the cycle in schooling participation decisions, which we denominate the schooling cycle. The estimation procedure is based on unobserved components time series models that decompose higher education enrollment rates into a slow-moving stochastic trend and a stationary cyclical factor. By doing so, we obtain a full characterization of the cyclical dynamics of schooling participation and analyze its relationship with the business cycle in a time-varying fashion. Using data for 16–24-year-olds attending full-time post-secondary education in the United Kingdom from 1995Q1 to 2019Q4, we find evidence of a very persistent schooling cycle largely, but not exclusively, explained by the business cycle. Additionally, we find that the direction of the response of schooling participation to the business cycle, say, pro-, counter- or a-cyclical, is largely time-dependent, as is the degree of synchrony between both cycles. We note, however, that results are heterogeneous across gender.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263453
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15237
    Subjects: human capital; business cycle; state space; kalman smoother
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Measuring knowledge
    Author: Heckman, James J.; Zhou, Jin
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Empirical studies in the economics of education, the measurement of skill gaps across demographic groups, and the impacts of interventions on skill formation rely on psychometrically validated test scores that record the proportion of items correctly... more

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    Empirical studies in the economics of education, the measurement of skill gaps across demographic groups, and the impacts of interventions on skill formation rely on psychometrically validated test scores that record the proportion of items correctly answered. Test scores are sometimes taken as measures of an invariant scale of human capital that can be compared over time and people. We show that for a prototypical test, invariance is violated. We use an unusually rich data set from an early childhood intervention program that measures knowledge of narrowly defined skills on essentially equivalent subsets of tasks. We examine if conventional, broadly-defined measures of skill are the same across people who are comparable on detailed knowledge measures. We reject the hypothesis of aggregate scale invariance and call into question the uncritical use of test scores in research on education and on skill formation. We compare different measures of skill and ability and reject the hypothesis of valid aggregate measures of skill.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263468
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15252
    Subjects: testing child development; psychometrics; measurement of discrimination; human capital; demographic economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Equilibrium wage-setting and the life-cycle gender pay gap
    Author: Amano-Patiño, Noriko; Baron, Tatiana; Xiao, Pengpeng
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Edition: Revised 17 August 2020
    Series: Cambridge working paper in economics ; 2010
    Subjects: Gender wage gap; life-cycle; firm heterogeneity; human capital; job search
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. A new macroeconomic measure of human capital exploiting PISA and PIAAC
    linking education policies to productivity
    Author: Égert, Balázs; De la Maisonneuve, Christine; Turner, David
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper provides a new measure of human capital using PISA and PIAAC surveys, and mean years of schooling. The new measure is a cohort-weighted average of past PISA scores (representing the quality of education) of the working age population and... more

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    This paper provides a new measure of human capital using PISA and PIAAC surveys, and mean years of schooling. The new measure is a cohort-weighted average of past PISA scores (representing the quality of education) of the working age population and the corresponding mean years of schooling (representing the quantity of education). In contrast to the existing literature, the relative weights of each component are not imposed or calibrated but directly estimated. The paper finds that the elasticity of the stock of human capital with respect to the quality of education is three to four times larger than for the quantity of education. The new measure has a strong link to productivity with the potential for productivity gains being much greater from improvements in the quality than quantity component of human capital. The magnitude of these potential gains in MFP is considerable but the effects materialise with long lags. The paper simulates the impact of a particular reform to education policy (pre-primary education) on human capital and productivity to demonstrate the usefulness of the new measure for policy analysis.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/260858
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9728 (2022)
    Subjects: human capital; PISA; PIAAC; mean years of schooling; education policies; productivity; OECD countries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Investing in youth vocational training
    professional training programme in the agropastoral and fisheries sectors in Cameroon
    Author: Lhoste, Frédéric; Takamgang, Martial Franck
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  FAO, Rome

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789251353820
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    Series: FAO Investment Centre country highlights ; number 11
    Subjects: agrifood sector; human capital; investment promotion; youth employment; entrepreneurship; training programmes; case studies; Cameroon
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Rank effects in education
    what do we know so far?
    Author: Delaney, Judith; Devereux, Paul J.
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In recent years there has been a plethora of empirical papers by economists concerning the effects of academic rank in school or college on subsequent outcomes of students. We review this recent literature, describing the difficult identification and... more

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    In recent years there has been a plethora of empirical papers by economists concerning the effects of academic rank in school or college on subsequent outcomes of students. We review this recent literature, describing the difficult identification and measurement issues, the assumptions and methodologies used in the literature, and the main findings. Accounting for ability or achievement and across a range of countries, ages, and types of educational institutions, students that are more highly ranked in their class or their grade have been found to have better long-term outcomes. The effect sizes are generally large when compared to magnitudes found for other factors and interventions. Rank effects can provide useful insight into other educational phenomena such as the extent to which students benefit from high ability peers and the presence of a gender gap in STEM. However, the state of knowledge has probably not reached the point where the empirical findings from this literature have practical implications for policy intervention to improve outcomes of students.

     
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    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/252252
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15128
    Subjects: academic rank; education; human capital; social comparisons; peer effects; STEM
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen