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Displaying results 126 to 150 of 288.

  1. Self-nudging vs. social nudging in social dilemmas
    an experiment
    Author: Diederich, Johannes; Goeschl, Timo; Waichman, Israel
    Published: February 21, 2022
    Publisher:  Heidelberg University, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    The exogenous manipulation of choice architectures to achieve social ends ('social nudges') can raise problems of effectiveness and ethicality because it favors group outcomes over individual outcomes. One answer is to give individuals control over... more

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    The exogenous manipulation of choice architectures to achieve social ends ('social nudges') can raise problems of effectiveness and ethicality because it favors group outcomes over individual outcomes. One answer is to give individuals control over their nudge ('self-nudge'), but the trade-offs involved are poorly understood. We examine how subjects self-nudge in a paradigmatic social dilemma setting and whether outcomes differ between the self-nudge and two exogenous nudges in line with perfect free-riding or full cooperation. Subjects recruited from the general population play a ten-round VCM online in fixed groups of four with one daily contribution decision. The nudge takes the shape of a non-participation default contribution, comparing zero, full, and self-determined levels. We find that the average self-nudge is 44% of the endowment and only 7% of subjects choose one of the two exogenous defaults. Yet, there is a hard trade-off between ethicality and effectiveness: Self-nudging groups do not better than groups under the perfect free-riding nudge. The reason is that non-defaulting subjects contribute less. Groups under the full cooperation default exhibit no reactance against the nudge and outperform both alternative choice architectures.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/261075
    Series: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 710 (February 2022)
    Subjects: Nudging; choice architecture; defaults; public goods; behavioral economics; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (33, [15] Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. The impacts of a prototypical home visiting program on child skills
    Author: Zhou, Jin; Heckman, James J.; Liu, Bei; Lu, Mai
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper uses random assignment to estimate the causal impacts on child skills of a widely emulated early childhood home visiting program. We show the feasibility of replicating it at scale. We estimate vectors of latent skills for individual... more

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    This paper uses random assignment to estimate the causal impacts on child skills of a widely emulated early childhood home visiting program. We show the feasibility of replicating it at scale. We estimate vectors of latent skills for individual children and compare treatments and controls. The program substantially improves child language and cognitive, fine motor, and social-emotional skills. We go beyond reporting treatment effects as unweighted item scores. We determine whether the program affects the latent skills generating correct answers to lists of test items and how the program affects the mapping from skills to item scores. Enhancements in latent skills explain most of the conventional treatment effects for language and cognition. The program operates primarily by improving skills and not by improving how effectively skills are used. The program barely changes the map from latent skills to item test scores.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/252256
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15132
    Subjects: experiment; scaling; mechanisms; home visiting programs; measurement
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 113 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Motivated reasoning, information avoidance, and default bias
    Author: Momsen, Katharina; Schneider, Sebastian O.
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn

    We investigate whether the presence of a default interacts with the willingness of decision-makers to gather, process and consider information. In an online experiment, where about 2,300 participants choose between two compiled charity donation... more

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    We investigate whether the presence of a default interacts with the willingness of decision-makers to gather, process and consider information. In an online experiment, where about 2,300 participants choose between two compiled charity donation options worth $ 100, we vary the availability of information and the presence of a default. Information avoidance, when possible, increases default effects considerably, manifesting a hitherto undocumented channel of the default bias. Moreover, we show that defaults trigger motivated reasoning: In the presence of a default - even if self-selected-, participants consider new information to a lower degree than without a preselected option.

     
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    hdl: 21.11116/0000-000A-3221-8
    hdl: 10419/262308
    Series: Discussion papers of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods ; 2022, 3
    Subjects: Motivated reasoning; information avoidance; defaults; statusquo; charitable giving; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. How does the vaccine approval procedure affect COVID-19 vaccination intentions?
    Author: Angerer, Silvia; Glätzle-Rützler, Daniela; Lergetporer, Philipp; Rittmannsberger, Thomas
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Research platform Empirical and Experimental Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Peoples' willingness to vaccinate is critical to combating the COVID-19 pandemic. We devise a representative experiment to study how the design of the vaccine approval procedure affects public attitudes towards vaccination. Compared to an Emergency... more

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    Peoples' willingness to vaccinate is critical to combating the COVID-19 pandemic. We devise a representative experiment to study how the design of the vaccine approval procedure affects public attitudes towards vaccination. Compared to an Emergency Use Authorization, choosing the more thorough Accelerated Authorization approval procedure increases vaccination intentions by 13 percentage points. Effects of increased duration of the approval procedure are positive and significant only for Emergency Use Authorization. Treatment effects are homogenous across population subgroups. Increased trust in the vaccine is the key mediator of treatment effects on vaccination intentions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/273677
    Series: Working papers in economics and statistics ; 2022, 4
    Subjects: vaccination; COVID-19; approval procedure; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Motivated reasoning, information avoidance, and default bias
    Author: Momsen, Katharina; Schneider, Sebastian O.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Research platform Empirical and Experimental Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    We investigate whether the presence of a default interacts with the willingness of decision-makers to gather, process and consider information. In an online experiment, where about 2,300 participants choose between two compiled charity donation... more

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    We investigate whether the presence of a default interacts with the willingness of decision-makers to gather, process and consider information. In an online experiment, where about 2,300 participants choose between two compiled charity donation options worth $100, we vary the availability of information and the presence of a default. Information avoidance, when possible, increases default effects considerably, manifesting a hitherto undocumented channel of the default bias. Moreover, we show that defaults trigger motivated reasoning: In the presence of a default - even if self-selected-, participants consider new information to a lower degree than without a preselected option.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273678
    Series: Working papers in economics and statistics ; 2022, 5
    Subjects: Motivated reasoning; information avoidance; defaults; status quo; charitable giving; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. How does the vaccine approval procedure affect Covid-19 vaccination intentions?
    Author: Angerer, Silvia; Glätzle-Rützler, Daniela; Lergetporer, Philipp; Rittmannsberger, Thomas
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Peoples' willingness to vaccinate is critical to combating the COVID-19 pandemic. We devise a representative experiment to study how the design of the vaccine approval procedure affects public attitudes towards vaccination. Compared to an Emergency... more

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    Peoples' willingness to vaccinate is critical to combating the COVID-19 pandemic. We devise a representative experiment to study how the design of the vaccine approval procedure affects public attitudes towards vaccination. Compared to an Emergency Use Authorization, choosing the more thorough Accelerated Authorization approval procedure increases vaccination intentions by 13 percentage points. Effects of increased duration of the approval procedure are positive and significant only for Emergency Use Authorization. Treatment effects are homogenous across population subgroups. Increased trust in the vaccine is the key mediator of treatment effects on vaccination intentions.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260778
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9648 (2022)
    Subjects: vaccination; Covid-19; approval procedure; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Optimal and fair prizing in sequential round-robin tournaments
    experimental evidence
    Author: Lauber, Arne; March, Christoph; Sahm, Marco
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We report results from the first experimental study of round-robin tournaments. In our experiment, we investigate how the prize structure affects the intensity, fair-ness, and dynamic behavior in sequential round-robin tournaments with three players.... more

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    We report results from the first experimental study of round-robin tournaments. In our experiment, we investigate how the prize structure affects the intensity, fair-ness, and dynamic behavior in sequential round-robin tournaments with three players. We compare tournaments with a second prize equal to either 0%, 50%, or 100% of the first prize. While theory predicts the 50%-treatment to be most intense, we find that aggregate effort is highest in the 0%-treatment. In contrast, our evidence supports the predictions that the 50%-treatment is fairest (though not perfectly fair), whereas the late mover is advantaged in the 100%-treatment and disadvantaged in the 0%-treatment. Also in line with the theory, we identify a strategic (reverse) momentum: after winning the first match, a player increases (decreases) effort in the second match of the 0%-treatment (100%-treatment). Additional findings suggest that dynamic behavior is also subject to a psychological momentum.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260781
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9651 (2022)
    Subjects: sequential round-robin tournament; all-pay auction; fairness; intensity; strategic momentum; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Luck or rights?
    an experiment on preferences for redistribution following inheritance of opportunity
    Author: Lekfuangfu, Warn N.; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Riyanto, Yohanes Eko
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We experimentally investigate whether people generally perceive inheritance as effort-induced or luck-induced. By randomly matched two strangers in a lab setting, we test whether the sources of opportunity handed down from the 'testator' subjects... more

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    We experimentally investigate whether people generally perceive inheritance as effort-induced or luck-induced. By randomly matched two strangers in a lab setting, we test whether the sources of opportunity handed down from the 'testator' subjects determines later redistributive decisions among the 'heir' subjects. On average, redistribution is highest among the heirs whose chance of winning is determined by the pure luck of the paired testator. In contrast, our subjects treat inherited opportunity generated by effort of someone else who they are artificially linked with as relatively fair. Our results suggest that people would feel entitled to bequests and inheritance unless the randomness of inheritance has been made salient to them.

     
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    hdl: 10419/252249
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15125
    Subjects: inheritance; fairness; redistribution; experiment; inequality of opportunity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. How communication makes the difference between a cartel and tacit collusion
    Author: Bruttel, Lisa Verena; Andres, Maximillian; Friedrichsen, Jana
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Universität Potsdam, Potsdam

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    Series: CEPA discussion papers ; no. 53 (October 2022)
    Subjects: cartel; collusion; communication; experiment; machine learning
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (67 Seiten; 1115 KB), Tabellen, Illustrationen
    Notes:

    This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free-form chat communication among firms in a laboratory experiment, we identify typical communication patterns for both explicit cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly about price fixing and more likely to use indirect messages when sanctioning institutions are present. This effect of sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach and sustain without an explicit agreement. Indirect messages have no, or even a negative, effect on prices
  10. The ifo Education Survey 2014-2021
    a new dataset on public preferences for education policy in Germany
    Author: Freundl, Vera; Grewenig, Elisabeth; Pfaehler, Franziska; Lergetporer, Philipp; Schüler, Ruth M.; Wedel, Katharina; Werner, Katharina; Wirth, Olivia; Woessmann, Ludger
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    The ifo Education Survey is a representative opinion survey of the German voting-age population on education topics that has been conducted annually since 2014. It covers public preferences on a wide range of education policy issues ranging from... more

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    The ifo Education Survey is a representative opinion survey of the German voting-age population on education topics that has been conducted annually since 2014. It covers public preferences on a wide range of education policy issues ranging from early childhood education, schools, and apprenticeships to university education and life-long learning. The dataset comprises several survey experiments which facilitate investigating the causal effects of information provision, framing, and question design on answering behavior. This paper gives an overview of the survey content and methodology, describes the data, and explains how researchers can access the dataset of over 4,000 participants per wave.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/264909
    Series: Ifo working papers ; 378 (2022)
    Subjects: Education; policy; survey; experiment; public opinion; political economy; Germany
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
    Notes:

    Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe
  11. Aversion to hiring algorithms
    transparency, gender profiling, and self-confidence
    Author: Dargnies, Marie-Pierre; Hakimov, Rustamdjan; Kübler, Dorothea
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

    We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are either in the role of workers or of managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2.... more

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    We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are either in the role of workers or of managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2. They choose whether the hiring decision between themselves and another worker is made either by a participant in the role of a manager or by an algorithm. In a second set of experiments, managers choose whether they want to delegate their hiring decisions to the algorithm. In the baseline treatments, we observe that workers choose the manager more often than the algorithm, and managers also prefer to make the hiring decisions themselves rather than delegate them to the algorithm. When the algorithm does not use workers' gender to predict their job task performance and workers know this, they choose the algorithm more often. Providing details on how the algorithm works does not increase the preference for the algorithm, neither for workers nor for managers. Providing feedback to managers about their performance in hiring the best workers increases their preference for the algorithm, as managers are, on average, overconfident

     
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    hdl: 10419/265255
    Series: Discussion paper / WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Research Area: Markets and Choice, Research Unit: Market Behavior ; SP II 2022, 202 (September 2022)
    Subjects: Algorithm aversion; experiment; hiring discrimination; transparency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Salience in public goods games
    Author: Kistler, Deborah; Nanxu, Su; Thöni, Christian
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Université de Lausanne, Faculté des hautes études commerciales (HEC), Département d'économie, Lausanne

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    Series: Cahier de recherches économiques du Département d'economie ; 22, 10
    Subjects: salience; inequality aversion; experiment; public goods game
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Aversion to hiring algorithms
    transparency, gender profiling, and self-confidence
    Author: Dargnies, Marie-Pierre; Hakimov, Rustamdjan; Kübler, Dorothea
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are either in the role of workers or of managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2.... more

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    We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are either in the role of workers or of managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2. They choose whether the hiring decision between themselves and another worker is made either by a participant in the role of a manager or by an algorithm. In a second set of experiments, managers choose whether they want to delegate their hiring decisions to the algorithm. In the baseline treatments, we observe that workers choose the manager more often than the algorithm, and managers also prefer to make the hiring decisions themselves rather than delegate them to the algorithm. When the algorithm does not use workers' gender to predict their job task performance and workers know this, they choose the algorithm more often. Providing details on how the algorithm works does not increase the preference for the algorithm, neither for workers nor for managers. Providing feedback to managers about their performance in hiring the best workers increases their preference for the algorithm, as managers are, on average, overconfident.

     
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    hdl: 10419/266003
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9968 (2022)
    Subjects: lgorithm aversion; experiment; hiring discrimination; transparency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Time preferences and medication adherence
    evidence from pregnant women in South Africa
    Author: Barron, Kai; Damgaard, Mette Trier; Gravert, Christina; Norrgren, Lisa
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The effectiveness of health recommendations and treatment plans depends on the extent to which individuals follow them. For the individual, medication adherence involves an inter-temporal trade-off between expected future health benefits and... more

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    The effectiveness of health recommendations and treatment plans depends on the extent to which individuals follow them. For the individual, medication adherence involves an inter-temporal trade-off between expected future health benefits and immediate effort costs. Therefore examining time preferences may help us to understand why some people fail to follow health recommendations and treatment plans. In this paper, we use a simple, real-effort task implemented via text message to elicit the time preferences of pregnant women in South Africa. We find evidence that high discounters are significantly less likely to report to adhere to the recommendation of taking daily iron supplements daily during pregnancy. There is some weak indication that time inconsistency also negatively affects adherence. Together our results suggest that measuring time preferences could help predict medication adherence and thus be used to improve preventive health care measures.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267221
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9988 (2022)
    Subjects: time preferences; medication adherence; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten)
  15. Eliciting preferences for risk and altruism
    experimental evidence
    Author: Gauriot, Romain; Heger, Stephanie A.; Slonim, Robert
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We apply the basic lessons and insights learned in the elicitation and estimation of risk and time preferences literature to the literature on social preferences. Following Andersen et al. (2008), we design a laboratory experiment to jointly elicit... more

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    We apply the basic lessons and insights learned in the elicitation and estimation of risk and time preferences literature to the literature on social preferences. Following Andersen et al. (2008), we design a laboratory experiment to jointly elicit risk preferences and preferences for altruism. Consistent with theory, we find that the standard simplifying assumptions about risk preferences lead to significantly biased estimates of altruism. This is particularly problematic when comparing altruism across relevant sub-groups, such as gender and wealth, leading to possibly erroneous conclusions about which is the more generous sex and the self-regarding rich.

     
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    hdl: 10419/267226
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9993 (2022)
    Subjects: altruism; risk aversion; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Dishonesty as a collective-risk social dilemma
    Author: Jiang, Shuguang; Villeval, Marie-Claire
    Published: December 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We study cheating as a collective-risk social dilemma in a group setting in which individuals are asked to report their actual outcomes. Misreporting their outcomes increases the individual's earnings but when the sum of claims in the group reaches a... more

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    We study cheating as a collective-risk social dilemma in a group setting in which individuals are asked to report their actual outcomes. Misreporting their outcomes increases the individual's earnings but when the sum of claims in the group reaches a certain threshold, a risk of collective sanction affects all the group members, regardless of their individual behavior. Because of the pursuit of selfish interest and a lack of coordination with other group members, the vast majority of individuals eventually earn less than the reservation payoff from honest reporting in the group. Over time, most groups are trapped in a "Tragedy of Dishonesty", despite the presence of moral costs of lying. The risk of collective sanction is triggered less frequently in small groups than in large ones, while priming a collectivist mindset has little effect on lying.

     
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    hdl: 10419/272440
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15813
    Subjects: dishonesty; public bad; group size; collectivism; individualism; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Sexual identity and gender gap in leadership
    a political intention experiment
    Author: Mourelatos, Evangelos; Krimpas, George; Giotopoulos, Konstantinos
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    The underrepresentation of women and homosexuals in leadership positions has been well documented, but the grounds for this need further investigation. We conduct a field and an online experiment to test a prominent theory about the sources of the... more

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    The underrepresentation of women and homosexuals in leadership positions has been well documented, but the grounds for this need further investigation. We conduct a field and an online experiment to test a prominent theory about the sources of the sexual and gender gap in political leadership ambition: women's and homosexuals' higher aversion to engage to competitive environments. Within an experimental political environment as a context for our research, we employ two distinct subject sample pools - highly politically active individuals and workers from an online labor market. By controlling for a variety of internal and external factors and preference-based indicators, we establish that there are fundamental sexual and gender behavioral differences, stemming from differences in underlying psychological abilities and differences due to the nature of electoral competition. We find that priming individuals to consider the competitive nature of politics has a strong negative effect on women's and homosexuals' interest to run for a political office, but not on men's and heterosexuals' interest, hence significantly increasing the gender and sexual gap in leadership ambition. While on the online experiment the gender gap holds, surprisingly, we found that homosexuals' intention to participate in politics follows the opposite course.

     
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    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1187
    Subjects: Sexual gap; Gender gap; leadership; politics; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The economics of content moderation
    theory and experimental evidence from hate speech on Twitter
    Author: Jiménez Durán, Rafael
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL

    Social media platforms ban users and remove posts to moderate their content. This "speech policing" remains controversial because little is known about its consequences and the costs and benefits for different individuals. I conduct two... more

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    Social media platforms ban users and remove posts to moderate their content. This "speech policing" remains controversial because little is known about its consequences and the costs and benefits for different individuals. I conduct two pre-registered field experiments on Twitter to examine the effect of moderating hate speech on user behavior and welfare. Randomly reporting posts for violating the rules against hateful conduct increases the likelihood that Twitter removes them. Reporting does not affect the activity on the platform of the posts' authors or their likelihood of reposting hate, but it does increase the activity of those attacked by the posts. These results are consistent with a model in which content moderation is a quality decision for platforms that increases user engagement and hence advertising revenue. The second experiment shows that changing users' perceived content removal does not change their willingness to pause using social media, a measure of consumer surplus. My results imply that content moderation does not necessarily moderate users, but it can marginally increase advertising revenue. It can be consistent with both profit and welfare maximization as long as out-of-platform externalities are small.

     
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    Edition: This draft: November 7, 2022
    Series: New working paper series / Chicago Booth, Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State ; no. #324 (November 2022)
    Subjects: social media; moderation; report; hate speech; experiment; welfare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 102 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. How communication makes the difference between a cartel and tacit collusion
    a machine learning approach
    Author: Andres, Maximilian; Bruttel, Lisa Verena; Friedrichsen, Jana
    Published: October 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free-form chat communication among firms in a laboratory experiment, we identify typical communication patterns for both explicit cartel... more

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    This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free-form chat communication among firms in a laboratory experiment, we identify typical communication patterns for both explicit cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly about price fixing and more likely to use indirect messages when sanctioning institutions are present. This effect of sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach and sustain without an explicit agreement. Indirect messages have no, or even a negative, effect on prices.

     
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    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10024 (2022)
    Subjects: cartel; collusion; communication; machine learning; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Measuring socially appropriate social preferences
    Author: Carpenter, Jeffrey P.; Robbett, Andrea
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We extend the literature structurally estimating social preferences by accounting for the desire to adhere to social norms. Our representative agent is strongly motivated by norms and failing to account for this causes us to overestimate how much... more

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    We extend the literature structurally estimating social preferences by accounting for the desire to adhere to social norms. Our representative agent is strongly motivated by norms and failing to account for this causes us to overestimate how much agents care about helping those who are worse off. We endogenously identify latent preference types that replicate previous estimates; however, accounting for the normative appropriateness of decisions reveals different motives. Rather than being mostly altruistic, participants are better described as strong altruists or norm followers. Our results (which are robust to moral wiggle room) thus recast prior findings in a new light.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265811
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15590
    Subjects: experiment; social norms; social preferences; altruism; moral wiggle room; structural estimation; finite mixture models
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Norm-signalling punishment
    Author: Nosenzo, Daniele; Xiao, Erte; Xue, Nina
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, [Aarhus]

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    Series: Economics working papers ; 2022, 07
    Subjects: punishment; norms; stigma; crowd out; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. The effects of observability and an information nudge on food choice
    Author: Dannenberg, Astrid; Weingärtner, Eva
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg

    Our choice of food has major impacts on the environment. At the same time, it is visible to all people with whom we spend our daily lives. This raises the question of whether people are adapting their diets to gain a green reputation, as has been... more

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    Our choice of food has major impacts on the environment. At the same time, it is visible to all people with whom we spend our daily lives. This raises the question of whether people are adapting their diets to gain a green reputation, as has been observed for other environmentally relevant consumption choices. Using an experiment in which participants can choose between vegan, vegetarian, and meat-based food vouchers, we examine how observation by others and the provision of an information nudge influence food choices. The results show that providing an information nudge reduces the likelihood of choosing meat by 12 percentage points. Observation by others does not significantly reduce the likelihood of choosing meat. Contrary to our prediction, when participants are observed and receive the information nudge, they are less inclined to choose one of the more sustainable options. We discuss the reasons for the partly surprising results and the implications for policy.

     
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    Series: Joint discussion paper series in economics ; no. 2023, 01
    Subjects: Food choice; meat consumption; information nudge; observability; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Measuring inflation expectations
    how the response scale shapes density forecasts
    Author: Becker, Christoph; Dürsch, Peter; Eife, Thomas A.
    Published: 13 Jan. 2023
    Publisher:  Heidelberg University, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    In density forecasts, respondents are asked to assign probabilities to pre-specifted ranges of inflation. We show in two large-scale experiments that responses vary when we modify the response scale. Asking an identical question with modifted... more

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    In density forecasts, respondents are asked to assign probabilities to pre-specifted ranges of inflation. We show in two large-scale experiments that responses vary when we modify the response scale. Asking an identical question with modifted response scales induces different answers: Shifting, compressing or expanding the scale leads to shifted, compressed and expanded forecasts. Mean forecast, uncertainty, and disagreement can change by several percentage points. We discuss implications for survey design and how central banks can adjust the response scales during times of high inflation.

     
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    Series: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 723 (January 2023)
    Subjects: Inflation; density forecast; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten), Diagramme
  24. Perceived fairness and consequences of affirmative action policies
    Author: Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah; Schwarz, Marco; Trieu, Chi; Willrodt, Jana
    Published: December 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. Accordingly, we document substantial heterogeneity in the fairness perception of various affirmative action policies. But do these differences translate into different consequences? In a... more

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    Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. Accordingly, we document substantial heterogeneity in the fairness perception of various affirmative action policies. But do these differences translate into different consequences? In a laboratory experiment, we study three different quota rules in tournaments that favor individuals whose performance is low, either due to discrimination, low productivity, or choice of a short working time. Affirmative action favoring discriminated individuals is perceived as fairest, followed by that targeting individuals with a short working time, while favoring low productivity individuals is not perceived as fairer than an absence of affirmative action. Higher fairness perceptions coincide with a higher willingness to compete and less retaliation against winners, underlining that fairness perceptions matter for the consequences of affirmative action. No policy harms overall productivity or post-competition teamwork, but affirmative action may reduce the average output of tournament winners.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271842
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10198 (2022)
    Subjects: affirmative action; fairness ideals; experiment; tournament; real effort
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Determinants of financial literacy and behavioral bias among adolescents
    Author: Aschenwald, Marco; Holzknecht, Armando; Kirchler, Michael; Razen, Michael
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Building on cross-sectional data for Austrian high school students from fifth to twelfth grade, we investigate the correlations between socio-economic background variables and a comprehensive set of variables related to financial decision-making... more

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    Building on cross-sectional data for Austrian high school students from fifth to twelfth grade, we investigate the correlations between socio-economic background variables and a comprehensive set of variables related to financial decision-making (i.e., financial knowledge, behavioral consistency, economic preferences, field behavior, and perception of financial matters). We confirm the findings of previous literature that the male gender is positively associated with financial knowledge and risk-taking and that there is a strong and beneficial correlation between math grades and healthy financial behavior (e.g., saving). Moreover, we find that students' behavioral consistency is positively correlated with measures of financial attitude (e.g., self-assessed future financial well-being and financial education received from parents). Finally, our results indicate that financial education, as perceived by the students, is primarily provided by parents.

     
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    Series: Working papers in economics and statistics ; 2023, 01
    Subjects: financial literacy; behavioral biases; economic preferences; field behavior; perception; experiment; adolescents
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen