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Displaying results 1 to 14 of 14.

  1. Estimating the effects of the ADA Amendments Act on the hiring and termination of individuals with disabilities, using new disability categorizations
    Author: Button, Patrick; Armour, Philip; Hollands, Simon
    Published: 1-30-2023
    Publisher:  W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI

    Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability... more

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    Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability discrimination laws affect economic outcomes, namely hiring rates, for individuals with disabilities. We estimate the effect of the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) on employment transitions: hirings and terminations for individuals with disabilities relative to those without disabilities. To calculate employment transitions, we use data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We also use the SIPP to develop additional measures and categorizations of disability based on whether the conditions are physical or mental, and whether they are salient to an employer at the hiring stage. We find that the ADAAA is generally associated with positive employment effects: increases or no effects on hiring rates, and decreases or no effects on termination rates. Our strongest and most robust results are that we find increases in hiring for those with nonsalient physical conditions and decreased terminations for those with salient physical conditions. Our results suggest that the effects of the ADAAA vary by disability type-especially by disability saliency-and are stronger for the groups most targeted by broader coverage of the ADAAA.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/283972
    Series: Upjohn Institute working paper ; 22, 377
    Subjects: disability; employment discrimination; discrimination law; Americans with Disabilities Act; Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act; Sutton Trilogy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten)
  2. The long-term effects of a medical intervention
    determinants and implications of orthotic equipment failure
    Author: Abubakar, Aisha; Bridges, Sarah; Owens, Trudy
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham, Nottingham

    This paper tracks the outcomes of a medical intervention which provided lower limb orthosis to adults with disabilities between 2012 and 2018. Six years after the intervention, over one-third of the recipients were still using their orthotic devices.... more

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    This paper tracks the outcomes of a medical intervention which provided lower limb orthosis to adults with disabilities between 2012 and 2018. Six years after the intervention, over one-third of the recipients were still using their orthotic devices. Using a discrete time hazard model, the analysis examines the speed at which the orthotic devices failed and evaluates how personal characteristics and clinical factors acted as potential risk markers of early equipment failure. The study finds that the peak time of failure lay between the fourth- and fifth-year post-fitting, with the probability of orthosis failure being significantly lower for women, the elderly and most importantly, those who had access to follow up care compared to their respective counterparts. The study also analysed the implications of orthotics failure on life satisfaction, health-related quality of life and severity of disability, which are designed to measure subjective wellbeing. Notably, the results indicate that access to follow up care improves functional efficiency, while failure of the orthosis consistently acts as a negative correlate of wellbeing.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/284120
    Series: CREDIT research paper ; no. 23, 03
    Subjects: disability; orthotic equipment; long-term outcomes; subjective wellbeing; Uganda
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
  3. "Relabelling" of individual early retirement pension in Finland
    application and behavioural responses using Finnish register data
    Author: Kanabar, Ricky; Nivalainen, Satu; Järnefelt, Noora
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Netspar, Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement, [Tilburg]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; 2023, 034 (06)
    Subjects: Retirement; disability; pensions; Finland; regression discontinuity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The employment effects of the disability education gap in Europe
    Author: Albinowski, Maciej; Magda, Iga; Rozszczypała, Agata
    Published: February 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We investigate the role of education in creating employment opportunities for persons with disabilities across the European Union. We use the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for 2011-2019. We find that educational... more

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    We investigate the role of education in creating employment opportunities for persons with disabilities across the European Union. We use the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for 2011-2019. We find that educational attainment is a major factor determining the probability of employment among persons with disabilities. In particular, the employment effects of tertiary education are much larger among persons with disabilities than among non-disabled people: that is, having a disability is a greater disadvantage for less educated than for better educated people. We provide evidence that the endogeneity of educational attainment does not drive these findings. We also uncover substantial heterogeneity in the role of education between countries. In more developed countries, the employment status of persons with disabilities is generally less dependent on their educational attainment. Overall, we estimate that 20% of the disability employment gap in the 25-34 age group can be attributed to the gap in education between individuals with and without disabilities.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/272559
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15932
    Subjects: disability; employment; educational attainment; European Union
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Disability, gender and hiring discrimination
    a field experiment
    Author: Bjørnshagen, Vegar; Rooth, Dan-Olof; Ugreninov, Elisabeth
    Published: June 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This article examines disability discrimination in the hiring process and explores variation in how the intersection of disability and gender shapes employers' hiring behavior by occupational context and gender segregation. We use data from a field... more

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    This article examines disability discrimination in the hiring process and explores variation in how the intersection of disability and gender shapes employers' hiring behavior by occupational context and gender segregation. We use data from a field experiment in which approximately 2,000 job applications with randomly assigned information about disability were sent to Swedish employers with vacancies. We find that nondisabled applicants receive 33 percent more callbacks than similarly qualified wheelchair users despite applying for jobs where the impairment should not interfere with performance. The results indicate no heterogeneity in levels of disability discrimination against men and women on average across occupations or by occupational gender segregation. However, levels of discrimination differ considerably among occupations, varying from no evidence of disability discrimination to discrimination against both disabled men and disabled women as well as cases where disability discrimination is found only against women or only against men. The results thus indicate that disability and gender interact and shape discrimination in distinct ways within particular contexts, which we relate to intersectional stereotyping and norms of gender equality influencing hiring practices but not to declared ambitions for diversity or gender equality legislation.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/278915
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16217
    Subjects: disability; hiring discrimination; gender; field experiment; correspondence study
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten)
  6. Educating children with disabilities
    comparative evidence from Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Niger
    Author: Hang’andu, Privilege; Mensah, Emmanuel Kodwo; Nikolova, Elena; Hayward, Elizabeth
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Education is a fundamental human right and it is a global Sustainable Development Goal to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.” Many children with disabilities in low-income countries, however, continue to be excluded from... more

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    Education is a fundamental human right and it is a global Sustainable Development Goal to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.” Many children with disabilities in low-income countries, however, continue to be excluded from educational opportunities at great cost to themselves, their families, and the communities in which they live. Realizing the right to inclusive education for children with disabilities requires policies and practices that are tailored to and effective for unique regional and local contexts. Using new qualitative data collected in 2020 (based on a desk review and key informant interviews), this chapter explores the inclusiveness, equality, and quality of education for children with disabilities in three African countries: Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, and Niger. The study countries are at the bottom of the Human Development Index ranking of 189 countries worldwide (Ethiopia 173, Burkina Faso 182, Niger 189, data from 2020). Despite state commitments to education as a human right and legislative support for inclusive education in each country, social, economic, political, and financial factors at the family, community, and system levels contribute to the continued marginalization of children with disabilities. The insights from this multi-country analysis highlight the importance of locally informed and context-specific approaches but also point to broader lessons for the study and promotion of inclusive education in low-resource settings. These insights provide a starting point for further investigation of disabilityinclusive education on the African continent and in the developing world.

     
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    hdl: 10419/271669
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1289
    Subjects: disability; inclusive education; exclusion; children with disabilities; school; developing countries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  7. Social inclusion and levels of urbanisation
    does it matter where you live?
    Author: Whelan, Adele; Devlin, Anne; McGuinness, Séamus
    Published: March 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Are individuals living in distinct urban or rural settings more likely to experience barriers to social inclusion? If so, what are the nature of the barriers that they face? Using a unique administrative dataset for Ireland's dominant social... more

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    Are individuals living in distinct urban or rural settings more likely to experience barriers to social inclusion? If so, what are the nature of the barriers that they face? Using a unique administrative dataset for Ireland's dominant social inclusion programme, this paper examines the effect of location on the incidence of barriers to social inclusion. We find that some forms of social exclusion, particularly those which are related to economic exclusion, are more prevalent for those in independent urban towns compared to cities, commuter towns or rural areas, even after controlling for area-level deprivation. The results suggest that existing policy, which has traditionally focused on tackling social disadvantage in the most urban or rural areas, is not well targeted and would benefit from having a wider spatial focus.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/272679
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16052
    Subjects: social inclusion; urban disadvantage; community economic development; jobless household; lone parents; disability; homelessness; ethnic minority
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  8. Ableism differs by disability, gender and social context
    evidence from vignette experiments
    Author: Timmons, Shane; McGinnity, Frances; Carroll, Eamonn
    Published: May 22, 2023
    Publisher:  ESRI, Economic & Social Research Institute, Dublin

    Existing research on ableism has conceptualised it as a general attitude, rather than one that can manifest differently depending on the nature of the disability, the disabled person's gender and the social context. Our aim was to investigate... more

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    Evangelische Hochschule Freiburg, Hochschulbibliothek
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    Existing research on ableism has conceptualised it as a general attitude, rather than one that can manifest differently depending on the nature of the disability, the disabled person's gender and the social context. Our aim was to investigate variation in attitudes to disability depending on these factors. A nationally representative sample of 2,000 adults read a series of vignettes about issues faced by disabled people, relating to education, employment, de-institutionalisation, relationships and welfare payments. Vignettes varied by presence and type of disability and the protagonist's gender. Some vignettes asked participants whether it was acceptable to treat a disabled person in a specific way (e.g., not hire them for a job) and others asked whether it was acceptable for a disabled person to act in a certain way (e.g., to engage in a romantic relationship). The study was pre-registered and has open materials, data and analysis code. Judgements about how a disabled person was treated showed clear evidence of ableism towards some disabilities (e.g., autism, mental health issues) but not others (e.g., a spine disorder). Judgements about the actions of a disabled person were more nuanced. A disability-gender intersectionality effect was observed for judgements about romantic relationships, with physically disabled women penalised compared to men but no such difference observed for intellectual disability. No intersectionality or ableism was observed on a vignette about refusing poorly paid work. Having a close relationship with someone who has a disability predicted more positive attitudes across social contexts. We find clear evidence that ableism manifests differently depending on the nature of the individual's disability, their gender and the social context, questioning the previous conceptualisation of ableism as a general attitude. There is considerable scope for further research investigating the forms ableism can take and the conditions that elicit it.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: ESRI working paper ; no. 752 (May 2023)
    Subjects: ableism; disability; mental health; stigma; discrimination; gender; experiment; stereotype content model
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. "Relabelling" of individual early retirement pension in Finland
    application and behavioural responses using Finnish register data
    Author: Kanabar, Ricky; Nivalainen, Satu; Järnefelt, Noora
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Institute for Social and Economic Research, [Colchester, Essex, UK]

    Using rich Finnish population level registers, we examine the impact of fusing a flexible early retirement pathway with a more stringent pathway, without changing eligibility conditions, so-called "relabelling", on individual application behaviour.... more

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    Using rich Finnish population level registers, we examine the impact of fusing a flexible early retirement pathway with a more stringent pathway, without changing eligibility conditions, so-called "relabelling", on individual application behaviour. Our findings show that among affected cohorts the likelihood of applying for (successfully claiming) disability-related early retirement declined by 1.8 (1.5) percentage points equivalent to a relative drop of approximately 37% (39%) following the reform. Individuals with below tertiary level education and stronger lifetime labour market attachment exhibit a stronger behavioural response to the reform. We find tentative evidence of programme substitution to early retirement pathways designed to keep individuals in the labour market albeit on a part time basis. Our findings suggest that social norms and lack of awareness associated with early retirement pathways can strongly influence application behaviour even when eligibility conditions remain unchanged, offering policymakers novel ways to extend working lives.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284117
    Series: ISER working paper series ; no. 2023, 5 (September 2023)
    Subjects: Retirement; disability; pensions; Finland; regression discontinuity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Understanding autism prevalence
    Author: Ranjan, Maathumai
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  Australian National University, Canberra

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    Series: TTPI - working papers ; 2023, 17 (November 2023)
    Subjects: autism; ASD; autism spectrum disorder; disability; government supports; National Disability Insurance Scheme; NDIS; neurodiversity; prevalence
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. The Ideal Meal
    Masculinity and Disability among Host and Guests in Luke
    Author: Solevåg, Anna Rebecca; Kartzow, Marianne Bjelland
    Published: 2023

    In the Gospel of Luke, the social gathering of the meal appears again and again. It is a setting for Jesus’ interactions as well as a topic of conversation. Drawing on theories of disability and masculinity, this article examines the various meal... more

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    In the Gospel of Luke, the social gathering of the meal appears again and again. It is a setting for Jesus’ interactions as well as a topic of conversation. Drawing on theories of disability and masculinity, this article examines the various meal scenes in Luke 14. The focus is on Jesus’ advice to the host about who to invite and who not to invite when hosting a meal (vv. 12–14). This saying constructs a complex and intersecting web of potential guests. Those that should not be invited, belong to the social world of the privileged man: his brother, friend, relative and rich neighbor. Representing different levels of his radius of trust, they all have something to give back. The preferred guests in Jesus’ parable, however, are those who lack the resources to give anything back, due to bodily disability and lack of means: “The poor, the crippled, the lame and the blind” (Luke 14:14, NRSV). The article thus examines how health, economic ability, and gender intersect. The ideal meal in the Gospel of Luke negotiates the complex social web of the ancient world. We suggest that disability and masculinity are key issues and scrutinize these categories to rethink the social make-up of ideal communities as suggested by Luke.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Article (journal)
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Parent title: Enthalten in: Biblical theology bulletin; Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage, 1971; 53(2023), 4, Seite 272-282; Online-Ressource

    Subjects: intersectionality; masculinity; Luke 14; guests; meal; disability
  12. Disability and labor market performance
    Author: Collischon, Matthias; Hiesinger, Karolin; Pohlan, Laura
    Published: April 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on... more

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    This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: newly disabled individuals' probability of becoming nonemployed increases by 10 percentage points after one year and by 15 percentage points after five years relative to that of the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older and low-skilled individuals.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/272727
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16100
    Subjects: disability; labor market outcomes; propensity score matching; event study
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. The growing gap of unmet need
    assessing the demand for, and supply of, home-based support for older adults with disabilities in 31 countries
    Author: Qian, Yuting; Chen, Shanquan; Lin, Zhuoer; Yu, Zexuan; Wang, Mengxiao; Hou, Xiaohui; Chen, Xi
    Published: August 2023
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Providing support to older people with disabilities will increasingly challenge care systems in all countries. Accurately gauging the unmet need is a first step in response. Disability is commonly measured by documenting people's capacity to perform... more

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    Providing support to older people with disabilities will increasingly challenge care systems in all countries. Accurately gauging the unmet need is a first step in response. Disability is commonly measured by documenting people's capacity to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). This study assessed the prevalence and the extent (or severity) of ADL/IADL limitations in 31 countries from 2011 to 2018, together with the availability of support to manage them. The study identified a range of demographic, social, and policy factors that are associated with ADL/IADL limitations and the receipt of assistance among older adults. Results show substantial variation across countries in the prevalence and extent of ADL/IADL limitations and how both prevalence and extent have evolved over time. Country-level differences in socioeconomic conditions, health behaviors, chronic disease prevalence, and the strength of public safety nets are among the primary factors that may help explain these variations. Over the study period, most countries saw a decrease in the share of older adults with ADL/IADL limitations who received assistance, even as the prevalence of ADL/IADL limitations rose in many of those countries. This suggests considerable unmet need for ADL/IADL assistance among older adults in these countries. Specific groups, such as unpartnered males, were less likely to receive help. Countries may improve outcomes by targeting interventions to vulnerable groups. Comparative cross-country data on disability trends open new opportunities for countries to learn from each other's experiences in improving elder care.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/279109
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16411
    Subjects: global aging; disability; ADL/IADL limitations; unmet need; elder care
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. "Relabelling" of individual early retirement pension in Finland
    application and behavioural responses using Finnish register data
    Author: Kanabar, Ricky; Nivalainen, Satu; Järnefelt, Noora
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  CEPAR, ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, [Kensington, NSW]

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    Series: Working paper / CEPAR, ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research ; 2023, 12
    Subjects: Retirement; disability; pensions; Finland; regression discontinuity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen