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Displaying results 1 to 5 of 5.

  1. Immigration, female labour supply and local cultural norms
    Author: Jessen, Jonas; Schmitz, Sophia; Weinhardt, Felix
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [Berlin School of Economics], [Berlin]

    We study the local evolution of female labour supply and cultural norms in West Germany in reaction to the sudden presence of East Germans who migrated to the West after reunification. These migrants grew up with high rates of maternal employment,... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    DS 840
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    We study the local evolution of female labour supply and cultural norms in West Germany in reaction to the sudden presence of East Germans who migrated to the West after reunification. These migrants grew up with high rates of maternal employment, whereas West German families mostly followed the traditional breadwinner-housewife model. We find that West German women increase their labour supply and that this holds within households. We provide additional evidence on stated gender norms, West-East friendships, intermarriage, and child care infrastructure. The dynamic evolution of the local effects on labour supply is best explained by local cultural learning and endogenous child care infrastructure.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Discussion paper / Berlin School of Economics ; #1 (November 2022)
    Subjects: cultural norms; local learning; gender; immigration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Income shocks, bride price and child marriage in Turkey
    Author: Chort, Isabelle; Hotte, Rozenn; Marazyan, Karine
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper investigates the impact of income shocks and bride price on early marriage in Turkey. The practice of bride-price, still vivid in many regions of the country, may provide incentives for parents to marry their daughter earlier, when faced... more

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    This paper investigates the impact of income shocks and bride price on early marriage in Turkey. The practice of bride-price, still vivid in many regions of the country, may provide incentives for parents to marry their daughter earlier, when faced with a negative income shock. In addition, marriages precipitated by negative income shocks may present specific features (endogamy, age and education difference between spouses). Weather shocks provide an exogenous source of variation of household income through agricultural production. Data on weather shocks are merged with individual and household level data from the Turkish Demographic and Health Surveys 1998 to 2013. To study the role of payments to the bride's parents, we interact our measure of shocks with a province-level indicator of a high prevalence of bride-price. We find that girls living in provinces with a high practice of bride-price and exposed to a negative income shocks when aged 12-14 have a 28% higher probability to be married before the age of 15 than girls not exposed to shocks. This effect is specific to provinces with a high prevalence of bride price. Compared to women who experienced the same shock but lived in a province where bride price is infrequent, such women are also more likely to give birth to their first child before 18 and for those who married religiously first, the civil ceremony is delayed by 2 months on average. Our results suggest that girl marriage still participates to household strategies aimed at mitigating negative income shocks in contemporary Turkey.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263504
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15288
    Subjects: cultural norms; child marriage; bride price; weather shocks; Turkey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Gendered language and gendered violence
    Author: Davis, Lewis S.; Mavisakalyan, Astghik; Weber, Clas
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    This study establishes the influence of sex-based grammatical gender on gendered violence. We demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between gendered language and the incidence of intimate partner violence in a cross-section of... more

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    This study establishes the influence of sex-based grammatical gender on gendered violence. We demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between gendered language and the incidence of intimate partner violence in a cross-section of countries. Motivated by this evidence, we conduct an individual-level analysis exploiting the differences in the language structures spoken by individuals with a shared religious and ethnic background residing in the same country. We show that speaking a gendered language is associated with the belief that intimate partner violence is justifiable. Our results are consistent with the theoretical possibility that gendered language activates gender schemata in the minds of speakers, increasing the salience of gender distinctions and existing gender norms which legitimize gendered violence.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261318
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 1127
    Subjects: gender; language; cultural norms; intimate partner violence
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten)
  4. Culture, children and couple gender inequality
    Author: Jessen, Jonas
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper examines how culture impacts within-couple gender inequality. Exploiting the setting of Germany's division and reunification, I compare child penalties of East Germans who were socialised in a more gender egalitarian culture to West... more

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    This paper examines how culture impacts within-couple gender inequality. Exploiting the setting of Germany's division and reunification, I compare child penalties of East Germans who were socialised in a more gender egalitarian culture to West Germans socialised in a gender-traditional culture. Using a household panel, I show that the long-run child penalty on the female income share is 23.9 percentage points for West German couples, compared to 12.9 for East German couples. The arrival of children also leads to a greater increase in the female share of housework and child care for West Germans. I add to the main findings by using time-use diary data from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and reunified Germany, which provides a rare insight into gender inequality in the GDR and allows me to compare the effect of having children in the GDR to the effects in East and West Germany after reunification. Lastly, I show that attitudes towards maternal employment are more egalitarian among East Germans, but that the arrival of children leads to more traditional attitudes for both East and West Germans. The findings confirm that socialisation has a strong impact on child penalties and that family policies may have an impact on gender inequality through social learning in the long run.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265792
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15571
    Subjects: cultural norms; gender inequality; child penalty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Quantifying expenditure hierarchies and the expansion of global consumption diversity
    Author: Chai, Andreas; Stepanova, Elena; Moneta, Alessio
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  LEM, Laboratory of Economics and Management, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

    Economic growth tends to stimulate fundamental changes in consumption patterns as consumers who get rich tend to spread their spending more evenly across a wider variety of goods and services. Comparing cross sectional spending patterns across rich... more

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    DS 203
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    Economic growth tends to stimulate fundamental changes in consumption patterns as consumers who get rich tend to spread their spending more evenly across a wider variety of goods and services. Comparing cross sectional spending patterns across rich and poor countries, we investigate how this diversification process enables more niche patterns of spending to emerge across the global population of consumers. We use entropy measures to quantify the dispersion of household spending across goods and study how it unfolds as GDP rises. Using a gravity model to study international differences in the relative order of income elasticities, i.e. expenditure hierarchies, we show how this diversification process on the national level is correlated with cultural norms, GDP and income inequality. We find that national expenditure hierarchies are relatively similar across countries among necessities, while they are increasingly unique among luxuries. We further verify how rising affluence tends to generate more niche consumption patterns by examining how rising income is positively correlated with demand heterogeneity and income inequality is negatively correlated with market depth.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273631
    Series: LEM working paper series ; 2022, 29 (October 2022)
    Subjects: spending diversity; income elasticity; expenditure hierarchy; niche consumption; cultural norms
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen