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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface / Schirmer, Gregory A. -- Acknowledgments -- Part One. The Eighteenth Century -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Swift and His World / Swift, Jonathan / Smedley, Jonathan / Winstanley, John / Parnell, Thomas / Concanen, Matthew / Pilkington, Matthew / Barber, Mary / Grierson, Constantia / Pilkington, Laetitia / Du Bois, Dorothea -- Chapter 2. Divergent Directions: Beyond and Within the Pale / Whyte, Laurence / Dunkin, William / Poems, Anonymous -- Chapter 3. Goldsmith and the Beginnings of Romanticism / Goldsmith, Oliver / White, Samuel / Dermody, Thomas -- Chapter 4. Political Poetry at the End of the Century / O'Brien, Mary / Lysaght, Edward / Orr, James / Drennan, William -- Epilogue. The Other Ireland / Brooke, Charlotte -- Part II. The Nineteenth Century -- Introduction -- Chapter 5. Ireland in Transition: Thomas Moore -- Chapter 6. Ireland Translated / Balfour, Mary / Furlong, Thomas / Callanan, J. J. / Mangan, James Clarence / Walsh, Edward / Ferguson, Samuel -- Chapter 7. Ireland Anglicized / Darley, George / Vere, Aubrey de / Caulfield Irwin, Thomas / Allingham, William / O'Donnell, John Francis -- Chapter 8. Ireland Politicized / Davis, Thomas / MacCarthy, Denis Florence / McGee, Thomas D'Arcy / Casey, John Keegan / Dufferin, Lady / Alexander, Cecil Francis / Wilde, Lady / Kelly, Mary / Patrick Downing, Ellen Mary / O'Leary, Ellen -- Part Three. The Literary Revival -- Introduction -- Chapter 9. Translation: Gael, Gall, and Peasant / Sigerson, Geroge / Hyde, Douglas -- Chapter 10. Celticism and Romanticism / Todhunter, John / Larminie, William / Rollcston, T. W. / Johnson, Lionel / Russell, George -- Chapter 11. Celticism and Feminism / Kavanagh, Rose / Tynan, Katherine / Hopper, Nora / Lawless, Emily / Sigerson, Dora / Carbery, Ethna / Milligan, Alice / O'Neill, Moira / Young, Ella / Mitchell, Susan / Gore-Booth, Eva -- Chapter 12. Early Yeats -- Chapter 13. Other Visions and Revisions / Synge, John M. / MacDonagh, Thomas / Pearse, Patrick / Plunkett, Joseph Mary / O'Sullivan, Seamus / Campbell, Joseph / Colum, Padraic / Stephens, James / Ledwidge, Francis -- Part Four. Poetry in Modern Ireland -- Introduction -- Chapter 14. Yeats -- Chapter 15. Exits from the Revival / Gogarty, Oliver St. John / MacGreevy, Thomas / Clarke, Austin / Higgins, F. R. / Farren, Robert -- Chapter 16. New Perspectives at Midcentury / Clarke, Austin / Kavanagh, Patrick / Fallon, Padraic / Devlin, Denis -- Chapter 17. Covert Voices: Women Poets after the Revival / O'Neill, Mary / Salkeld, Blanaid / Coghill, Rhoda / Wingfield, Sheila / MacEntee, Maire / Strong, Eithne -- Chapter 18. The North / MacNeice, Louis / Hewitt, John / Rodgers, W R. -- Epilogue: Some Observations on Contemporary Poetry in Ireland -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index The first book of its kind, Out of What Began traces the development of a distinctive tradition of Irish poetry over the course of three centuries. Beginning with Jonathan Swift in the early eighteenth century and concluding with such contemporary poets as Seamus Heaney and Eavan Boland, Gregory A. Schirmer looks at the work of nearly a hundred poets. Considering the evolving political and social environments in which they lived and wrote, Schirmer shows how Irish poetry and culture have come to be shaped by the struggle to define Irish identity.Schirmer includes a large number of accomplished poets who have been unjustly neglected in standard accounts of Irish literature; many of these writers are women, whose work has been kept in the shadows cast by that of well-known male poets. He also emphasizes the importance of political poetry in a country that continues to be torn by sectarian violence. With its rich selection of poetic voices, Out of What Began reveals the political, social, and religious diversity of Irish culture
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