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Displaying results 1 to 8 of 8.

  1. Spatial linkages, global shocks, and local labor markets
    theory and evidence
    Author: Adão, Rodrigo; Arkolakis, Costas; Esposito, Federico
    Published: February 2019
    Publisher:  Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Cowles Foundation discussion paper ; no. 2163 (February 2019)
    Subjects: Economic Impacts of Globalization; Regional Economics Measurement; International Trade; Economic Geography; General Equilibrium; Structural Estimation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 108 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Ethnic Remoteness Reduces the Peace Dividend from Trade Access
    Author: Desmet, Klaus; Gomes, Joseph Flavian
    Published: January 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper shows that ethnically remote locations do not reap the full peace dividend from increased market access. Exploiting the staggered implementation of the US-initiated Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and using high-resolution data on... more

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    This paper shows that ethnically remote locations do not reap the full peace dividend from increased market access. Exploiting the staggered implementation of the US-initiated Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and using high-resolution data on ethnic composition and violent conflict for sub-Saharan Africa, our analysis finds that in the wake of improved trade access conflict declines less in locations that are ethnically remote from the rest of the country. We hypothesize that ethnic remoteness acts as a barrier that hampers participation in the global economy. Consistent with this hypothesis, satellite-based luminosity data show that the income gains from improved trade access are smaller in ethnically remote locations, and survey data indicate that ethnically more distant individuals do not benefit from the same positive income shocks when exposed to increased market access. These results underscore the importance of ethnic barriers when analyzing which locations and groups might be left behind by globalization

     
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  3. An 'Austrian' Model of Global Value Chains
    Author: Antràs, Pol
    Published: January 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    I develop a stylized model of multi-stage production in which the time length of each stage is endogenously determined. Letting the production process mature for a longer period of time increases labor productivity, but it comes at the cost of higher... more

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    I develop a stylized model of multi-stage production in which the time length of each stage is endogenously determined. Letting the production process mature for a longer period of time increases labor productivity, but it comes at the cost of higher working capital needs for firms. Under autarky, countries with lower interest rates feature longer production processes, higher labor productivity, and higher wages. In a free trade equilibrium, countries with lower interest rates specialize in relatively 'time intensive' stages in global value chains (GVCs). Yet, if free trade brings about interest rate equalization, wages are also equalized and the pattern of trade is instead shaped by capital intensity and capital abundance, regardless of the time intensity of the various stages. Reductions in trade costs lead to patterns of specialization associated with higher amounts of vertical specialization in world trade. A worldwide decline in interest rates similarly fosters an increase in the share of GVC trade in world trade. The framework also sheds light on the role of trade credit and trade finance in shaping international specialization

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w30901
    Subjects: Globale Wertschöpfungskette; Internationale Arbeitsteilung; Realzins; Wirtschaftsmodell; Österreichische Schule; Wirtschaftstheorie; Trade; International Factor Movements and International Business; Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance; Economic Impacts of Globalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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    Hardcopy version available to institutional subscribers
  4. Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?
    Author: Alfaro, Laura; Chen, Maggie Xiaoyang; Chor, Davin
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each treatment provides a concise statement of... more

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    We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each treatment provides a concise statement of economics research findings on how openness to trade has affected labor market outcomes or goods prices. Across annual surveys from 2018-2022, each administered to a representative sample of the U.S. general population, we find that information influences trade policy preferences in complex ways. Information highlighting the link between trade and manufacturing job losses significantly raises expressed preferences for more limits on trade. Strikingly, information on the price benefits of trade (or the cost of tariffs) also induces protectionist policy choices, indicating that these preferences do not respond symmetrically to information on the gains versus losses from trade. We find evidence that these expressed preferences are driven in part by how the received information interacts with one's political identity, resulting in prior-biased belief updating, as well as by pre-existing concerns over the impact on American jobs and over trade with China. Information that solely communicates the benefits of trade is thus unlikely to succeed unless it addresses these prior beliefs and concerns

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31240
    Subjects: Verbrauchereinstellung; Globalisierung; Wirtschaftsinformation; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen; Außenhandelsgewinn; Beschäftigungseffekt; Wissen; USA; Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty; Trade; Economic Impacts of Globalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  5. Institutions, Comparative Advantage, and the Environment
    Author: Shapiro, Joseph S.
    Published: October 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    This paper proposes that strong financial, judicial, and labor market institutions provide comparative advantage in clean industries, and thereby improve a country's environmental quality. Five complementary tests support this hypothesis. First,... more

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    This paper proposes that strong financial, judicial, and labor market institutions provide comparative advantage in clean industries, and thereby improve a country's environmental quality. Five complementary tests support this hypothesis. First, industries that depend on institutions are disproportionately clean. Second, strong institutions increase relative exports in clean industries, even conditional on environmental regulation and factor endowments. Third, an industry's complexity helps explain the link between institutions and clean goods. Fourth, a quantitative general equilibrium model indicates that strengthening a country's institutions decreases its pollution through relocating dirty industries abroad, though increases pollution in other countries. Fifth, cross-country differences in the composition of output between clean and dirty industries explain more of the global distribution of emissions than differences in the techniques used for production do. The comparative advantage that strong institutions provide in clean industries gives one under-explored reason why developing countries have relatively high pollution levels

     
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  6. Importing the Opioid Crisis? International Trade and Fentanyl Overdoses
    Author: Moore, Timothy J.; Olney, William W.; Hansen, Benjamin
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    The U.S. opioid crisis is now driven by fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid that currently accounts for 90% of all opioid deaths. Fentanyl is smuggled from abroad, with little evidence on how this happens. We show that a substantial amount of... more

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    The U.S. opioid crisis is now driven by fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid that currently accounts for 90% of all opioid deaths. Fentanyl is smuggled from abroad, with little evidence on how this happens. We show that a substantial amount of fentanyl smuggling occurs via legal trade flows, with a positive relationship between state-level imports and drug overdoses that accounts for 15,000-20,000 deaths per year. This relationship is not explained by geographic differences in "deaths of despair,'' general demand for opioids, or job losses from import competition. Our results suggest that fentanyl smuggling via imports is pervasive and a key determinant of opioid problems

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31885
    Subjects: Drogenkonsum; Arzneimittel; Droge; Illegaler Handel; Import; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen; USA; Trade; Economic Impacts of Globalization; Health; Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  7. Are Software Automation and Teleworkers Substitutes? Preliminary Evidence from Japan
    Author: Baldwin, Richard E.; Okubo, Toshihiro
    Published: August 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    Digital technology is reshaping workplaces by enabling spatial separation of offices, known as telework, or remote intelligence (RI), and by facilitating automation of service sector tasks via artificial intelligence (AI). This paper is a first... more

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    Digital technology is reshaping workplaces by enabling spatial separation of offices, known as telework, or remote intelligence (RI), and by facilitating automation of service sector tasks via artificial intelligence (AI). This paper is a first attempt to empirically investigate whether AI and RI are complements or substitutes in the service sector. It uses a worker-level panel of surveys collected from around 10,000 workers from pre-COVID-19 pandemic to late 2022, we find preliminary evidence that suggests that AI and RI are complements rather than substitutes. The evidence comes first from the positive correlation of investments in AI-promoting and RI-promoting software at the firm and worker level, and second from the positive correlation of workers' expectations regarding telework and software automation. The evidence is far from definitive but suggests that the complement-substitution question is a fruitful line for future research

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31627
    Subjects: Telearbeit; Computerunterstützung; Software; Künstliche Intelligenz; Faktorsubstitution; Dienstleistungssektor; Japan; Economic Impacts of Globalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource, illustrations (black and white)
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  8. Combinatorial Discrete Choice
    A Quantitative Model of Multinational Location Decisions
    Author: Arkolakis, Costas; Eckert, Fabian; Shi, Rowan
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass

    We introduce a general quantifiable framework to study the location decisions of multinational firms. In the model, firms choose in which locations to pay the fixed costs of setting up production, taking into account potential complementarities among... more

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    We introduce a general quantifiable framework to study the location decisions of multinational firms. In the model, firms choose in which locations to pay the fixed costs of setting up production, taking into account potential complementarities among production locations. The firm's location choice problem is combinatorial because the marginal value of an individual production location depends on its complete set of production sites. We develop a computational method to solve such problems and aggregate optimal decisions across heterogeneous firms. We use our calibrated model to study Brexit and the recent sanctions war with Russia. In both counterfactuals, changes in the location decisions of multinationals are driving real wage responses

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: NBER working paper series ; no. w31877
    Subjects: Betriebliche Standortwahl; Auslandsinvestition; Multinationales Unternehmen; Industrie; Globalisierung; Kombinatorische Optimierung; Theorie; Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation; International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements; Economic Impacts of Globalization
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