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  1. Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)
    selected issues
    Published: January 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper looks at some Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) specific regional dimensions of a possible strategy to enhance governance, which would support specific reforms in this area at the country level. The... more

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    This Selected Issues paper looks at some Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) specific regional dimensions of a possible strategy to enhance governance, which would support specific reforms in this area at the country level. The paper describes the specific dimensions of governance covered in the note. The paper also analyzes governance and corruption in the areas of public financial management, anti-money laundering, and the link between the oil sector and public resources. The CEMAC regional institutions will have to play a central role to lead progress in these areas, and support member countries' own efforts. Due to such actions result in giving a coherent framework to actions conducted at the country level, the synergic dimension can spur a virtuous circle, key to earn the benefit of an economic and monetary union. The success of the regional strategy that CEMAC member countries and regional institutions are implementing to exit the severe crisis they are facing depends critically on creating the conditions for laying the ground for a diversified economy, within a well-functioning regional market and an environment that provides opportunities for all and where public resources are geared to most productive use

     

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  2. Norway
    2019 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Norway
    Published: June 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    While many advanced economies are experiencing slower growth, Norway's output has continued to expand strongly, helped by a robust labor market, positive terms of trade, and some competitiveness gains. Core inflation has picked up to close to 2u... more

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    While many advanced economies are experiencing slower growth, Norway's output has continued to expand strongly, helped by a robust labor market, positive terms of trade, and some competitiveness gains. Core inflation has picked up to close to 2u percent. Residential house price growth has softened significantly but prices remain overvalued, and household debt continues to rise. Commercial real estate risks are also intensifying and combine with mounting external risks to cloud the outlook. The Christian Democrats have recently joined Prime Minister Solberg's governing coalition, which now enjoys a majority in parliament

     

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  3. Czech Republic
    2019 Article IV consultation : press release and staff report
    Published: June 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    The economy is doing well, but supply constraints are biting. Growth has slowed as the economy has reached capacity limits, with very low unemployment even as participation has increased. Recent wage increases have been very strong, ahead of... more

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    The economy is doing well, but supply constraints are biting. Growth has slowed as the economy has reached capacity limits, with very low unemployment even as participation has increased. Recent wage increases have been very strong, ahead of productivity. So far, inflation remains contained. The economy continues to run a current account surplus, even though domestic absorption has picked up. But the housing market is pressured, especially in metropolitan areas. Policies should balance risks of overheating against a faster-than-expected slowdown and aim to boost potential growth

     

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  4. Vanuatu
    2019 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Vanuatu
    Published: June 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Four years after Cyclone Pam struck Vanuatu causing extensive damages, reconstruction is near completion with full recovery in sight. The authorities are now focused on implementing their broader development plans that were slowed by the rebuilding... more

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    Four years after Cyclone Pam struck Vanuatu causing extensive damages, reconstruction is near completion with full recovery in sight. The authorities are now focused on implementing their broader development plans that were slowed by the rebuilding process, which will require fiscal discipline and reforms to maintain debt sustainability. The authorities should continue their constructive engagement with development partners for technical assistance, capacity development, and concessional and grant-based funding. In parallel continuing to reform and strengthen the governance of institutions and removing vulnerabilities to corruption will be important

     

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  5. Singapore
    technical note : Fintech: implications for the regulation and supervision of the financial sector
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This technical note examines the implications of fintech for the regulation and supervision of the Singaporean financial services sector. It provides an overview of the financial system with a focus on fintech developments. The note looks at not only... more

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    This technical note examines the implications of fintech for the regulation and supervision of the Singaporean financial services sector. It provides an overview of the financial system with a focus on fintech developments. The note looks at not only fintech developments but also the institutional setup as well as Monetary Authority of Singapore's (MAS) approach to fintech. The MAS has so far managed to strike the right balance between innovation and safety and soundness. MAS has responded quickly to the challenges of fintech. The impact of fintech on the financial services sector has largely been internalized by financial institutions (FI). FIs are swiftly digitizing and modernizing their systems, products and business models. Because of their market knowledge and higher investment capacities, incumbent FIs are getting better at providing services and products by adopting new technologies or improving existing ones. The note also recommends that it is imperative to develop a cyber network map that considers both financial linkages and Information and Communications Technology connections and use it for cyber risk surveillance

     

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  6. Mongolia
    selected issues
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper aims to take stock of key challenges and propose recommendations on how to address them. Mongolia has taken important steps to address these challenges, but more should be done to tackle remaining gaps and ensure effective... more

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    This Selected Issues paper aims to take stock of key challenges and propose recommendations on how to address them. Mongolia has taken important steps to address these challenges, but more should be done to tackle remaining gaps and ensure effective enforcement. Improving governance is a crucial step for Mongolia to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth. In order to substantially reduce corruption, a stronger anti-corruption framework should be accompanied by governance reforms across a range of state functions. On rule of law, the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) place Mongolia above peers in Asia but below regional averages, indicating room for improvement. Although Mongolia has developed a legal framework since the transition to a market economy, observers point out that there are often loopholes and unintended consequences. Weak revenue administration can undermine fiscal sustainability while uneven enforcement of tax rules can damage the investment climate. State-owned enterprises would benefit from better governance, particularly given their central role in output and potential for creating fiscal liabilities

     

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  7. Niger
    selected issues
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper takes stock of Niger's tools to directly and indirectly combat corruption and shows that shortcomings in public-sector governance take a toll on private-sector development, especially young firms and exporters. Measures to... more

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    This Selected Issues paper takes stock of Niger's tools to directly and indirectly combat corruption and shows that shortcomings in public-sector governance take a toll on private-sector development, especially young firms and exporters. Measures to advance Niger's anticorruption agenda are laid out. This paper describes Niger's anti-corruption framework, discusses how broader public-sector governance reforms can contribute to curbing corruption, assesses the impact on the private sector, and suggests measures to advance anticorruption reforms. The authorities profess commitment to fight corruption and have taken steps to revamp the anti-corruption framework. Niger is also equipped with legal and regulatory audit bodies that contribute to combatting corruption and promoting good governance. Although the legal and regulatory framework for public procurement is sound, its effective implementation remains elusive. Recent progress in simplifying administrative procedures should discourage public officials from exploiting complex bureaucracy to extract bribes. Formal regression analysis confirms that firms subject to corruption record lower sales and productivity growth relative to those that do not pay bribe

     

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  8. Panama
    2018 Article IV consultation : press release, staff report, and statement by the Executive Director for Panama
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Panama has had the longest and fastest economic expansion in recent Latin American history. The economy has expanded at an average rate of about 6 percent per annum over the last quarter of a century, with Panama achieving one of the highest per... more

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    Panama has had the longest and fastest economic expansion in recent Latin American history. The economy has expanded at an average rate of about 6 percent per annum over the last quarter of a century, with Panama achieving one of the highest per capita income in Latin America. More recently, GDP grew by about 5 1\2 percent in 2017 (driven by the expanded Canal), and then slowed to 3 3/4 percent (y/y) in H1-2018. Inflation remained subdued, reaching almost 1 percent (y/y) in September 2018. The external current account deficit stayed at 8 percent of GDP in 2017, mostly covered by FDI. The fiscal position continued to be strong, with the overall deficit of the non-financial public sector (NFPS) at about 1 1\2 percent of GDP. Credit growth has decelerated as financial conditions have started to tighten

     

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  9. Panama
    selected issues
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper argues that Panama's prospects for maintaining buoyant growth critically depends on continued productivity growth underpinned by comprehensive reforms focused on improving education quality, attracting talent, and... more

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    This Selected Issues paper argues that Panama's prospects for maintaining buoyant growth critically depends on continued productivity growth underpinned by comprehensive reforms focused on improving education quality, attracting talent, and continuing to enhance the investment climate. Panama experienced both episodes of growth convergence and divergence over the past several decades. Following a stellar performance in recent decades, Panama's prospects of maintaining high growth rates and moving toward the club of high-income economies critically depends on continued productivity gains. Panama's economy embarked on a path of rapid growth since the political stabilization in the 1990s, which has brought it closer to moving from the middle to the high-income bracket. However, maintaining high growth rates may prove increasingly challenging, particularly for countries at Panama's current level of income. Policies that focus on improving education quality, attracting foreign talent toward knowledge-based sectors of the economy, and strengthening the investment environment are likely to be essential for sustaining productivity growth

     

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  10. Somalia
    first review under the staff-monitored program : press release; and staff report
    Published: February 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This first review under the Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) of Somalia highlights that supported by a favorable rainy season, economic growth is recovering and inflation easing. However, unemployment is very high, and development and social needs are... more

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    This first review under the Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) of Somalia highlights that supported by a favorable rainy season, economic growth is recovering and inflation easing. However, unemployment is very high, and development and social needs are very large. Policy discussions centered on the 2018 supplementary budget, the 2019 budget, as well as the macroeconomic framework. Discussions also laid the groundwork for the second and final review under SMP III and on near-term policy priorities. All end-June and end-September 2018 indicative targets and all structural benchmarks (SBs) have been met. Of the 10 remaining SBs, due end-December 2018 and end-March 2019, preliminary information suggests that two have already been met, progress has been made towards achieving seven others, but completion of one SB is likely to be delayed. Considering satisfactory performance under the SMP and the authorities' continued strong commitment to reform implementation, the IMF staff supports the completion of the first review under SMP III. Risks to the program and the outlook remain elevated; however, a continued commitment to reform and donors' sustained support will help mitigate the risks

     

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  11. Malta
    2019 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Malta
    Published: February 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Article IV Consultation highlights that Malta has been one of the fastest growing countries in the European Union after the crisis, because of a rapid structural rebalancing towards export-oriented services-mainly remote gaming and tourism. The... more

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    This Article IV Consultation highlights that Malta has been one of the fastest growing countries in the European Union after the crisis, because of a rapid structural rebalancing towards export-oriented services-mainly remote gaming and tourism. The authorities are now exploring new development areas around the blockchain technology. As per the authorities, domestic demand would continue to be the main driver of growth, and persistent labor market tightness might eventually put some pressure on wages and prices. They consider global protectionism as a key external risk and emphasized ongoing actions to address domestic risks related to money laundering. The report also shows that Malta's new development areas related to the distributed ledger technology present both opportunities and risks. The IMF team stresses that policies should focus on enhancing the economy's resilience, ensuring financial stability and integrity and making growth more inclusive. It is important to promote strong and inclusive growth by encouraging further labor market participation of women and elderly workers

     

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  12. Malta
    financial system stability assessment
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Financial System Stability Assessment of Malta shows that while Malta has benefited from considerable financial inflows, the associated risks, especially related to money laundering and terrorism financing, need to be closely monitored and... more

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    This Financial System Stability Assessment of Malta shows that while Malta has benefited from considerable financial inflows, the associated risks, especially related to money laundering and terrorism financing, need to be closely monitored and addressed. Key metrics suggest that the banking system is in good health, but challenges exist. The banking system remains resilient under a severe scenario, with weaknesses limited to a few small banks. The system is sufficiently capitalized to absorb losses in the event of a severe macroeconomic shock, but risky exposures would lead to potential losses at a few small banks. The analysis suggests that ensuring adequate resources is critical to preserve the effectiveness and operational independence of the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA). In order to strengthen bank supervision, the MFSA should take timelier supervisory actions, increase the frequency of onsite inspections, make more use of monetary fines as part of the sanctioning regime, and ensure supervisory action is not delayed through judicial appeal

     

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  13. Bulgaria
    selected issues
    Published: March 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper examines corporate productivity growth in Bulgaria using firm-level data. Firms with a higher share of innovative assets and lower financial distress are estimated to have higher productivity growth. Foreign, larger, and... more

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    This Selected Issues paper examines corporate productivity growth in Bulgaria using firm-level data. Firms with a higher share of innovative assets and lower financial distress are estimated to have higher productivity growth. Foreign, larger, and younger firms and firms in the tradable sectors also generally had faster productivity growth. The convergence of productivity to frontier firms may have slowed after the global financial crisis for existing firms. The evidence points to technological convergence for both total factor productivity and labor productivity to industry leaders. The result is robust with the coefficient statistically significant at the 1 percent level in all specifications. Policies that support R and D and innovation, improve business environment, and reduce debt service burden could potentially help raise productivity growth. Bulgaria's R and D spending lags behind other EU countries and there is ample room for improvement. A better business environment supported by stronger institutions could help improve company's profitability and financial health, raise investment, and attract more foreign direct investment, all conducive to raising productivity growth

     

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  14. Nigeria
    selected issues
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Selected Issues paper discusses further concrete steps to improve the governance of state-owned enterprise (SOE) and of the oil sector, given their importance to fiscal transparency and sustainability. Reducing leakages in the petroleum sector... more

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    This Selected Issues paper discusses further concrete steps to improve the governance of state-owned enterprise (SOE) and of the oil sector, given their importance to fiscal transparency and sustainability. Reducing leakages in the petroleum sector is especially macroeconomically critical, given Nigeria's current fiscal and external dependence on oil revenue. This paper provides an overview of developments, recent reforms, and challenges, and outlines policy recommendations for stronger governance and corruption prevention, detection, and resolution, including through anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism measures that are useful beyond the petroleum sector. Strengthening transparency is needed to ensure that Nigeria receives maximum benefits from the oil and gas sector. The Nigerian authorities must accelerate their anti-corruption efforts to maintain momentum against both entrenched challenges and evolving threats. Achieving critical improvements to SOE governance and Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism efforts will require a combination of legislative action, institutional reform, and additional resources

     

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  15. Mauritius
    staff report for the 2019 Article IV consultation
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This 2019 Article IV Consultation discusses that Mauritius is pursuing an ambitious strategy to foster inclusive growth and reach the high-income country milestone. Several structural challenges, notably, a shortage of suitably skilled workers, an... more

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    This 2019 Article IV Consultation discusses that Mauritius is pursuing an ambitious strategy to foster inclusive growth and reach the high-income country milestone. Several structural challenges, notably, a shortage of suitably skilled workers, an aging population, and declining productivity and cost competitiveness confront Mauritius in meeting these goals. The discussions focused on preserving fiscal sustainability, regaining external competitiveness, and maintaining financial integrity and stability. Several steps have been undertaken to boost skill development, improve the business climate, and build innovation capacity. On the expenditure side, economic activity is expected to be spurred in the near term by public spending on infrastructure projects and sustained in the medium term as those projects and productivity-enhancing reforms improve private-sector competitiveness. It is recommended to pursue fiscal consolidation from the forthcoming budget FY2019/20 to build fiscal credibility and set public debt firmly on a declining path into the medium term

     

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  16. France
    financial sector assessment program : technical note : anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terorism regime in France
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This technical note on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) regime in France summarizes the findings of a targeted review of France's AML/CFT framework with respect to measures to prevent and combat terrorist... more

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    This technical note on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) regime in France summarizes the findings of a targeted review of France's AML/CFT framework with respect to measures to prevent and combat terrorist financing (TF), risk-based supervision of banks, real estate agents, company service providers and lawyers, measures to tackle cross-border crimes, and fintech. It provides a factual update on the key measures taken by the authorities since France's previous assessment. Authorities are recommended to promote stronger AML/CFT controls by enhancing supervision of lawyers and the real estate sector and providing more guidance on cross-border money laundering threats. French banks are employing increasingly sophisticated tools, including machine learning, to carry out their due diligence obligations with respect to TF. More systematic guidance on TF-related indicators and timely feedback may help banks' detection of potential of TF and to reduce risks of financial exclusion

     

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  17. Malaysia
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Malaysia
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Malaysia entered the pandemic from a robust economic position but has nonetheless been significantly affected. A synchronous fiscal, monetary and financial policy response has helped cushion the economic impact. As a result, after a deep recession in... more

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    Malaysia entered the pandemic from a robust economic position but has nonetheless been significantly affected. A synchronous fiscal, monetary and financial policy response has helped cushion the economic impact. As a result, after a deep recession in 2020, and assuming the pandemic is brought under control in Malaysia and globally, growth would rebound to 6.5 percent in 2021 as supply side constraints are lifted and domestic and external demand recover. Large downside risks will remain

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513574202
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    Series: IMF country reports ; 21, 53
    Subjects: ISCR; CR; procurement rule; Malaysian authorities; open economy; short-term debt; headline inflation; money market rate; Malaysia's obligation; asset forfeiture regime; COVID-19; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Global; Asia and Pacific
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 102 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Philippines
    financial system stability assessment : press release and statement by the Executive Director for the Philippines
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    GDP contracted by 9 1\2 percent in 2020-a much steeper decline than during the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC)-but it is now recovering with the easing of containment measures and economic policy support. Banks are closely connected to the corporate... more

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    GDP contracted by 9 1\2 percent in 2020-a much steeper decline than during the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC)-but it is now recovering with the easing of containment measures and economic policy support. Banks are closely connected to the corporate sector through high credit exposures and conglomerate ownership linkages. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) may list the Philippines as a jurisdiction with serious Anti-Money Laundering and Combatting the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) deficiencies in 2021. The country is also vulnerable to climate change (physical) risks, especially the destruction of physical capital from typhoons

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513576763
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    Series: IMF country reports ; 21, 74
    Subjects: bank secrecy law; BSP charter; bridge bank authority; secrecy law; government financial institutions; Financial sector stability; Loans; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial Sector Assessment Program; Global; Asia and Pacific
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  19. Democratic Republic of the Congo
    technical assistance report : governance and anti-corruption assessment
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    At the request of His Excellency the President of the Republic and Head of State, the Legal (LEG) and Fiscal Affairs (FAD) Departments of the IMF conducted an assessment of governance and corruption mission in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the... more

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    At the request of His Excellency the President of the Republic and Head of State, the Legal (LEG) and Fiscal Affairs (FAD) Departments of the IMF conducted an assessment of governance and corruption mission in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from December 9 to 20, 2019 (the 'mission').1 The objectives of the mission were to discuss with the authorities (i) a diagnostic of governance issues in the DRC; and (ii) to articulate measures to help improve governance and the fight against corruption

     

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  20. Republic of Estonia
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; and staff report
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Macroeconomic performance and buffers were strong when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Economic and social restrictions instituted in March 2020 helped slow new infections and mitigate negative health outcomes but triggered a deep decline in activity in... more

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    Macroeconomic performance and buffers were strong when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Economic and social restrictions instituted in March 2020 helped slow new infections and mitigate negative health outcomes but triggered a deep decline in activity in Q2:2020. The slump was followed by a strong rebound in Q3 as the restrictions were eased. With the resurgence of the virus, pressures on the health system peaked in late-March 2021 and eased after a new round of restrictions. Going forward, the outlook is for a near-term economic recovery subject to large two-way risks. The strength and durability of the recovery hinges on the evolution of the health situation and the extent of economic scarring from the pandemic

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9781513587370
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    Series: IMF country reports ; 21, 160
    Subjects: policy support; data provision; statistics database; policy buffer; Policy discussion; debt data; COVID-19; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Financial statistics; Global; International Agreements; International Organizations; Monetary Policy; Observance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Vanuatu
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for Vanuatu
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Border closures and other pandemic containment measures have kept Vanuatu free from COVID-19. However, they have dealt a heavy blow to economic activity as tourism has come to a virtual halt. On top of the pandemic, Tropical Cyclone Harold and a... more

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    Border closures and other pandemic containment measures have kept Vanuatu free from COVID-19. However, they have dealt a heavy blow to economic activity as tourism has come to a virtual halt. On top of the pandemic, Tropical Cyclone Harold and a volcanic eruption in Tanna Island caused extensive economic damage in 2020. In the context of a continued loss of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) in the Pacific, Vanuatu also lost a key CBR at end-June 2021. Air Vanuatu, one of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), is in the process of being restructured

     

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  22. Austria
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; staff supplementary information; and statement by the Executive Director for Austria
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    Austria entered the crisis from a strong position. Prudent policies prior to the pandemic provided significant policy space. Several lockdowns helped contain the virus but significantly impaired the economy. Real GDP contracted by 6.3 percent in 2020... more

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    Austria entered the crisis from a strong position. Prudent policies prior to the pandemic provided significant policy space. Several lockdowns helped contain the virus but significantly impaired the economy. Real GDP contracted by 6.3 percent in 2020 and declined further in early 2021. The 2021 recovery is expected to be modest; the tourism and hospitality sectors will continue to be affected. Over the medium term, growth will accelerate in 2022 and then stabilize at potential, but the output level will remain somewhat below the pre-COVID trend. Uncertainty remains high

     

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  23. Republic of Lithuania
    2021 Article IV consultation : press release; staff report; and statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Lithuania
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    With a demonstrated resilience to the crisis and the recovery gaining strength, macroeconomic policies should aim at preserving stability and complementing structural reforms that address long-standing challenges. A medium-term plan to rebuild... more

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    With a demonstrated resilience to the crisis and the recovery gaining strength, macroeconomic policies should aim at preserving stability and complementing structural reforms that address long-standing challenges. A medium-term plan to rebuild buffers, support potential growth, and target pockets of vulnerability would help address pre-existing disparities and poverty. Sustained productivity growth, supported by the implementation of politically difficult but needed structural reforms, is the only way to support high wage growth and convergence with Western Europe. Failure to do so could jeopardize Lithuania's hard-earned competitiveness gains

     

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  24. Virtual assets and anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism
    1, Some legal and practical considerations / prepared by Nadine Schwarz, Ke Chen, Kristel Poh, Grace Jackson, Kathleen Kao, Francisca Fernando, and Maksym Markevych
    Published: October 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: FinTech notes ; note 2021, 002
    Subjects: CFT obligation; CFT regulation; CFT supervisor; FATF standard; CFT control; FATF definition; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Virtual currencies; Blockchain and DLT; Digital currencies; Global
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Effective anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism regulatory and supervisory framework
    some legal and practical considerations
    Published: October 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, Washington, DC, U.S.A.

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Series: Virtual assets and anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism / prepared by Nadine Schwarz, Ke Chen, Kristel Poh, Grace Jackson, Kathleen Kao, Francisca Fernando, and Maksym Markevych ; 2
    FinTech notes ; note 2021, 003
    Subjects: supervisory framework; Designated Non-Financial Businesses; publication order; CFT requirement; VASPs implement; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Terrorism financing; Money laundering; Proliferation financing; Global
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen