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  1. 70 to 700 to 70,000
    lessons from the Jamaica experiment
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, Social Protection and Health Division, [Washington, DC]

    This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first... more

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    This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first describes the design, implementation and impacts of these three programs. Then, it analyzes the threats to scalability in each of these experiences and discusses how they could have affected program outcomes, with a focus on three of the elements of the economic model of scaling in Al-Ubaydli, et al. (Forthcoming): appropriate statistical inference, properties of the population, and properties of the situation. The document reflects on the lessons learned to mitigate the threats to scalability and on how research and evaluation can be better aligned to facilitate and support the scaling-up process of early child development interventions. It points out those attributes that interventions must maintain to ensure effectiveness at scale. Similarly, political support is also identified as indispensable.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/237505
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no IDB-WP-1230
    Subjects: home visiting; quality; child development; monitoring; scalability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. A "threat" is a "Threat"
    incentive effects of firing threats with varying degrees of performance information
    Published: February 2018
    Publisher:  GSE, Graduate School of Economics, Barcelona

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    Language: English
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    Series: Barcelona GSE working paper series ; no 1023
    Subjects: Firing threats; incentives; monitoring; laboratory experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. A structural analysis of vacancy referrals with imperfect monitoring and the strategic use of sickness absence
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

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    Series: Boston College working papers in economics ; 1042
    Subjects: unemployment; wage; unemployment insurance; monitoring; moral hazard; structuralestimation; counterfactual policy evaluation; unemployment duration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Adverse effects of monitoring
    evidence from a field experiment
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We conduct a field experiment with remote workers to assess potential adverse effects of monitoring. We find that monitoring reduces the average performance of workers, in particular among the intrinsically motivated workforce. Moreover, monitoring... more

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    We conduct a field experiment with remote workers to assess potential adverse effects of monitoring. We find that monitoring reduces the average performance of workers, in particular among the intrinsically motivated workforce. Moreover, monitoring cultivates the average worker: There are fewer high performers and the variance in performance is significantly reduced. Importantly, we show that performance reductions primarily occur among challenging tasks. These performance reductions significantly increase unit costs in our setting. This effect is particularly severe when challenging tasks have high marginal value, as in high-performance work systems or when tasks are complementary inputs into the production function.

     

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    hdl: 10419/232487
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8890 (2021)
    Subjects: monitoring; hidden costs of control; remote work; field experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Análise ex ante de políticas públicas
    fundamentos teórico-conceituais e orientações metodológicas para a sua aplicação prática
    Published: novembro de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    When governments launch policies or programs without any prior analysis, with unclear objectives, undefined or unjustifiable public selection, poorly conceptualized interventions, fragmented and often contradictory actions, without indicators and... more

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    When governments launch policies or programs without any prior analysis, with unclear objectives, undefined or unjustifiable public selection, poorly conceptualized interventions, fragmented and often contradictory actions, without indicators and targets, and with insufficient inputs (small and poorly trained teams; reduced budget, and intermittent flow of resources), the chance that anything goes right is zero. The ex-ante analysis is an examination that seeks to identify inconsistencies and incoherences and fill in some of these gaps with answers and recommendations. This true existential void of many policies and programs that always had or have acquired difficulties in answering who are we, where do we come from and where are we going to makes ex-ante analysis more necessary than ever. The ex-ante analysis is an approach with a very specific methodology and is still mastered by a few people. The main purpose of this working paper is to detail and clarify the references and, more precisely, the ex-ante analysis methodology, in order to make it increasingly user-friendly, practical, applied, and in the public domain. The paper provides a roadmap to leaders, policymakers, program designers, public managers, advisors, consultants, and the public. If they gain fluency in ex-ante's grammar, they will be more assertive in the dialogue for solutions to overcome collective problems. This working paper also encourages the formation of a community of experts in moderation and process facilitation of ex-ante analysis. Such qualification is crucial for crafting policies and programs born ready to be monitored and evaluated so as to demonstrate their "raison d'être" to the public.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/284873
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2817
    Subjects: ex-ante analysis of public policies; formulation; implementation; monitoring; evaluation; microeconomic public policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 112 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Arm-wrestling in the classroom: the non-monotonic effects of monitoring teachers
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  University of Zurich, Department of Economics, Zurich

    Teacher absenteeism and shirking are common problems in developing countries. While monitoring teachers should ameliorate those problems, mobilizing parents to do so often leads to small or even negative effects on learning outcomes. This paper... more

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    Teacher absenteeism and shirking are common problems in developing countries. While monitoring teachers should ameliorate those problems, mobilizing parents to do so often leads to small or even negative effects on learning outcomes. This paper provides causal evidence that this might result from non-monotonic effects of monitoring teachers. Cross-randomizing nudges to teachers and parents in Ivory Coast - to motivate and monitor teachers directly, and to mobilize parents -, we find that, in schools where parents are nudged, numeracy and literacy test scores improve by an additional school quarter, and student dropouts decrease by over 50%. In contrast, in schools where both are nudged, there is no effect on either learning outcomes or dropouts - even though the latter also fall by nearly 50% where teachers are nudged alone. In those schools, teachers show up less frequently, allocate less time to career development, and target instruction to top students to a greater extent than in schools where only parents are nudged. Monitoring backfires precisely for teachers who were most motivated at baseline, consistent with monitoring intensity eventually crowding out intrinsic motivation. Our results have implications for the design of accountability programs above and beyond education.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/231431
    Edition: Revised version
    Series: Working paper series / University of Zurich, Department of Economics ; no. 357
    Subjects: Moral hazard; monitoring; accountability; education
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Auditor independence and outsourcing
    aligning incentives to mitigate shilling and shirking
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Harvard Business School, [Boston, MA]

    Multinational corporations (MNCs) hire auditors to assess business partners’ compliance with quality, working conditions, and environmental standards. Independent third-party auditors are widely assumed to outperform second-party auditors employed... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Keine Rechte
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    Multinational corporations (MNCs) hire auditors to assess business partners’ compliance with quality, working conditions, and environmental standards. Independent third-party auditors are widely assumed to outperform second-party auditors employed and thus controlled by MNCs. However, outsourcing audits to third parties creates agency problems that can likewise undermine auditor performance. Synthesizing literatures on auditor independence, agency theory, and sourcing, we compare the implications for auditor performance of four sourcing strategies: insourcing, outsourcing, concurrent sourcing, and rotational sourcing. Using proprietary data from a global apparel brand, we find that insourced second-party auditors outperform outsourced third-party auditors and that third-party auditors’ performance improves when MNCs concurrently source audits, using both second- and third-party auditors. We also show that both types of auditors perform better when MNCs rotate auditing firms

     

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    Series: Working paper / Harvard Business School ; 21, 078
    Subjects: concurrent sourcing; transaction cost economics; outsourcing; suppliers; monitoring
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Big Data for poverty measurement insights from a scoping review
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  IOB, Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium

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    Series: Discussion paper / IOB, Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp ; 2020, 03
    Subjects: Big data; poverty measurement; scoping review; monitoring; evaluation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten)
  9. Big three power, and why it matters
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1087 (12/2022)
    Subjects: index funds; passive investing; institutional investors; ETFs; Big Three; stewardship; engagement; monitoring; shareholder activism; corporate voting; ownership concentration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten)
  10. Bundesweite Landnutzungsdaten am Thünen-Institut : Sachstand und Perspektiven
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Braunschweig

    Daten zum Status und zur Veränderung der Landnutzung, also zur Inanspruchnahme von Böden und Landflächen durch den Menschen, stellen eine zentrale Grundlage für eine faktenbasierte Politikberatung und Forschung sowie verschiedene Monitoring- und... more

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    Daten zum Status und zur Veränderung der Landnutzung, also zur Inanspruchnahme von Böden und Landflächen durch den Menschen, stellen eine zentrale Grundlage für eine faktenbasierte Politikberatung und Forschung sowie verschiedene Monitoring- und Evaluierungsaufgaben am Thünen-Institut dar. Entsprechend weist das Thünen-Institut eine breite Kompetenz in der Erfassung, Verwaltung, Aufbereitung und Analyse von Landnutzungsdaten für Deutschland auf. Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen und zukünftigen Anforderungen sowie der dynamischen Entwicklung hinsichtlich Art und Quantität von Daten zur Landnutzung bildet dieses Working Paper den Status quo der einschlägigen Arbeiten am Thünen-Institut ab und entwickelt Leitplanken für ein Gesamtkonzept zum Landnutzungsdaten-Management. Der inhaltliche Fokus liegt hierbei auf der Nutzung von Offenland- und Waldflächen in Deutschland. Es werden aber auch Daten im Landnutzungsbereich Siedlung und Verkehr betrachtet. Zunächst wird dargelegt, auf Grund welcher Bedarfe und Anforderungen sich die Verarbeitung von Landnutzungsdaten am Thünen-Institut in den letzten Jahren entwickelt hat. Daran schließt in Kapitel 2 eine Beschreibung der am Thünen-Institut vorgehaltenen bzw. weiterverarbeiteten Daten an. Kapitel 3 beschreibt die vorhandenen technischen und personellen Ressourcen sowie die vorhandenen Organisationsstrukturen. In Kapitel 4 werden die aktuellen Aufgaben und die anstehenden Herausforderungen beschrieben. Abschließend wird ein Zielbild für die weitere Arbeit mit Landnutzungsdaten am Thünen-Institut beschrieben und in einer Roadmap konkretisiert. Data on the status of and changes in land use, i.e. on the use of soils and land areas by humans, represent a central basis for fact-based policy advice and research as well as various monitoring and evaluation tasks at the Thünen Institute. Accordingly, the Thünen Institute has broad expertise in the collection, management, processing and analysis of land use data for Germany. Against the background of current and future requirements as well as the dynamic development with regard to the type and quantity of data on land use, this working paper maps the status quo of the relevant work at the Thünen Institute and develops guidelines for an overall concept for land use data management. The focus is on the use of open land and forest areas in Germany. However, data in the land use area of settlement and transport are also considered. First, the needs and requirements that have developed for the processing of land use data at Thünen Institute in recent years are presented. This is followed in Chapter 2 by a description of the data held and processed at the Thünen Institute. Chapter 3 describes the available technical and human resources as well as the existing organisational structures. Chapter 4 describes the current tasks and the upcoming challenges. Finally, a perspective for further work with land use data at the Thünen Institute is described and outlined in a roadmap.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273344
    Series: Thünen working paper ; 213
    Subjects: Landnutzung; Datenmanagement; Wald; Offenland; Monitoring; Politikberatung; land use; data management; forest; open land; monitoring; policy advice
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. De 70 a 700 a 70.000
    lecciones del estudio de Jamaica
    Published: abril 2021
    Publisher:  Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Divisón de Protección Social y Salud, [Washington, DC]

    This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first... more

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    This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first describes the design, implementation and impacts of these three programs. Then, it analyzes the threats to scalability in each of these experiences and discusses how they could have affected program outcomes, with a focus on three of the elements of the economic model of scaling in Al-Ubaydli, et al. (Forthcoming): appropriate statistical inference, properties of the population, and properties of the situation. The document reflects on the lessons learned to mitigate the threats to scalability and on how research and evaluation can be better aligned to facilitate and support the scaling-up process of early child development interventions. It points out those attributes that interventions must maintain to ensure effectiveness at scale. Similarly, political support is also identified as indispensable.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/237506
    Series: Documento de trabajo del BID ; no IDB-WP-1230
    Subjects: home visiting; quality; child development; monitoring; scalability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Employment and working conditions in the bioeconomy in Finland and Germany
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Soziologie, BMBF-Nachwuchsgruppe „Mentalitäten im Fluss", Jena

    Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
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    Language: English
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    Series: Working paper ; 6
    Subjects: Bioeconomy; monitoring; measurement; employment; working conditions; jobs; social struc-ture; European Labour Force Survey; Germany; Finland
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten)
  13. Guideline on sampling and analysis of forest soils for GHG reporting
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Braunschweig

    Im Zuge von internationalen Abkommen müssen Länder ihre Treibhausgase berichten. In Staatenverbünden wie der EU ist hierbei wünschenswert, dass die Daten, die zur Berichterstattung herangezogen werden, auch vergleichbar sind. Für die Datenerhebung im... more

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    Im Zuge von internationalen Abkommen müssen Länder ihre Treibhausgase berichten. In Staatenverbünden wie der EU ist hierbei wünschenswert, dass die Daten, die zur Berichterstattung herangezogen werden, auch vergleichbar sind. Für die Datenerhebung im Waldboden gibt es bisher verschiedene Methoden zur Datenerhebung, die sich durch historisch gewachsene Gegebenheiten teilweise so stark voneinander unterscheiden, dass die gewonnenen Daten nicht harmonisierbar sind. Hinzu kommen Länder, die bisher noch keine Daten erheben, da eine systematische Erhebung, sei es im Zuge einer Inventur oder eines langfristigen Monitorings, zeit- und kostenintensiv ist. Daher schlagen wir mit dieser Guideline eine Grundlage vor, mit der in Zukunft für die Treibhausgasberichterstattung (THG) im Waldboden Daten erhoben werden können. Die Methodik basiert auf dem Manual des ICP Forests und ist auf die für die THG und ihre Interpretation relevanten Parameter beschränkt. Eine Erweiterung um einzelne Parameter ist möglich. Mit Hilfe der Guideline können Waldbodenuntersuchungen an bestehende Inventuren (z. B. Waldinventuren) angegliedert werden oder das bestehende ICP Forests Netzwerk mit weniger aufwendigen Standorten verdichtet werden. As part of international agreements, countries must report their greenhouse gas emissions. In associations of states such as the EU, it is desirable that the data used for reporting is also comparable. To date, there have been various methods for collecting data on forest soil, some of which differ so greatly from one another due to historically evolved circumstances that the data obtained cannot be harmonized. In addition, there are countries that have not yet collected any data, as a systematic survey, whether as part of an inventory or long-term monitoring, is time-consuming and cost-intensive. With this guideline, we therefore propose a basis that can be used in future to collect data for greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting in forest soils. The methodology is based on the ICP Forests manual and is limited to the parameters relevant for GHG reporting and their interpretation. It is possible to add individual parameters. With the help of the guideline, forest soil investigations can be linked to existing inventories (e.g. forest inventories) or the existing ICP Forests network can be consolidated with less complex sites.

     

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283574
    Series: Thünen working paper ; 229
    Subjects: Forest soil; inventory; monitoring; greenhouse gas reporting; Waldboden; Inventur; Monitoring; Treibhausgasberichterstattung
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Harms of AI
    Published: 07 September 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP16524
    Subjects: AI; automation; communication; competition; data; democracy; inequality; infor-mation; monitoring; polarization; politics; power; social media
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten)
  15. How to organize monitoring and munishment
    experimental evidence
    Published: September 20, 2023
    Publisher:  Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, Heidelberg

    Punishment institutions for curtailing free-riding in social dilemmas rely on information about individuals’ behavior collected through monitoring. We contribute to the experimental study of cooperation-enhancing institutions by examining how... more

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    Punishment institutions for curtailing free-riding in social dilemmas rely on information about individuals’ behavior collected through monitoring. We contribute to the experimental study of cooperation-enhancing institutions by examining how cooperation and efficiency in a social dilemma change in response to varying how monitoring and punishment are jointly organized. Specifically, we evaluate - against a no-monitoring baseline - combinations of two imperfect monitoring regimes (cen-tralized vs. decentralized) and three punishment regimes (self- vs. peer- vs. del-egated punishment) in a repeated public goods game. As hypothesized, we find that delegated punishment outperforms other punishment regimes, irrespective of the monitoring regime, both in terms of cooperation and efficiency. Monitoring, both centralized and decentralized, cannot raise cooperation relative to the baseline unless accompanied by a credible punishment. When combined with a punishment institution, both monitoring regime outperforms the baseline.

     

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    hdl: 10419/283382
    Series: AWI discussion paper series ; no. 737 (September 2023)
    Subjects: Compliance; monitoring; punishment; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (71 Seiten), Diagramme
  16. Index funds and the future of corporate governance
    theory, evidence, and policy
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Edition: Last revised: December 2018
    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 986 (12/2018)
    Subjects: Index funds; passive investing; institutional investors; corporate governance,stewardship; engagement; monitoring; agency problems; shareholder activism; hedge fundactivism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten)
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    This paper is also Discussion Paper 2018-13 of the Harvard Law School Program on Corporate Governance

  17. Information and communication technology, hierarchy, and job design
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization... more

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    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization in firms. Previous literature on this debate has focused on a strict dichotomy between the two possible directions. In contrast, our theoretical and empirical analyses show that equipping employees with ICT leads to both more centralized and more decentralized job-design policies. This finding is particularly pronounced for executive employees, who are granted more work autonomy but also experience more control via stronger monitoring, while non-executive employees only experience more monitoring without receiving more work autonomy. Our theoretical setting is based on a modified principal-agent model. In our empirical approach we apply estimation models that account for both endogeneity and essential heterogeneity, thereby exploiting exogenous geographic variation in our instrumental variable.

     

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    hdl: 10419/265712
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15491
    Subjects: information and communication technology; centralization; decentralization; monitoring; working from home; marginal treatment effects; essential heterogeneity; instrumental variable
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Information and communication technology, hierarchy, and job design
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization... more

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    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization in firms. Previous literature on this debate has focused on a strict dichotomy between the two possible directions. In contrast, our theoretical and empirical analyses show that equipping employees with ICT leads to both more centralized and more decentralized job-design policies. This finding is particularly pronounced for executive employees, who are granted more work autonomy but also experience more control via stronger monitoring, while non-executive employees only experience more monitoring without receiving more work autonomy. Our theoretical setting is based on a modified principal-agent model. In our empirical approach we apply estimation models that account for both endogeneity and essential heterogeneity, thereby exploiting exogenous geographic variation in our instrumental variable.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/268022
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 189
    Subjects: information and communication technology; centralization; decentralization; monitoring; working from home; marginal treatment effects; essential heterogeneity; instrumental variable
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 113 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Investor monitoring, money-likeness and stability of money market funds
    Published: 12.February 2021
    Publisher:  Bank of Finland, Helsinki

    An asset is money-like if investors have no incentives to acquire costly private information on the underlying collateral. However, privately provided money-like assets-like prime money market fund (MMF) shares-are prone to runs if investors suddenly... more

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    An asset is money-like if investors have no incentives to acquire costly private information on the underlying collateral. However, privately provided money-like assets-like prime money market fund (MMF) shares-are prone to runs if investors suddenly start to question the value of the collateral. Therefore, for risky assets, lack of money-likeness is a necessary condition for lack of run incentives. But is it a sufficient one? This paper studies the effect of the U.S. money market fund reform of 2014-2016 on investor monitoring, money-likeness and stability of institutional prime MMFs. Using the number of distinct IP addresses accessing MMFs' regulatory reports as a proxy for investor monitoring, we find that the reform increased monitoring and thus decreased money-likeness of institutional prime funds. However, we also show that after the reform, institutional prime funds that are more likely to impose the newly introduced redemption restrictions are more monitored, suggesting that investors may monitor in order to avoid being hit by the restrictions. Overall, our results indicate that increased monitoring, or decreased money-likeness, has not made institutional prime MMFs run-free, and it may have actually created a new source of fragility for MMFs.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789523233669
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/240343
    Edition: This version: February 3, 2021
    Series: Bank of Finland research discussion papers ; 2021, 2
    Subjects: Money market funds; money markets; money market fund reform; money-likeness; information sensitivity; monitoring
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Leverage constraints and bank monitoring: bank regulation versus monetary policy
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zürich

    Bank leverage constraints can emerge from regulatory capital requirements as well as from central bank collateral requirements in reserve lending facilities. While these two channels are usually examined separately, we are able to compare them with... more

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    Bank leverage constraints can emerge from regulatory capital requirements as well as from central bank collateral requirements in reserve lending facilities. While these two channels are usually examined separately, we are able to compare them with the help of a bank money creation model in which central bank reserves have to be acquired to settle interbank liabilities. In particular, we show that with regard to bank monitoring, monetary policy via collateral requirements leads to a unique collateral leverage channel, which cannot be replicated by standard capital requirements. Through this channel, banks can expand loan supply and deposit issuance when they face liquidity constraints, by raising the collateral value of their loans with tighter monitoring of firms. The collateral leverage channel can improve welfare beyond standard bank capital regulation. Our results may inform current policy debates, such as the design of central bank collateral frameworks or the question whether monetary policy remains effective in times with large central bank reserves.

     

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    hdl: 10419/235624
    Edition: This version: June 30, 2021
    Series: Working paper / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 21, 358 (June 2021)
    Subjects: leverage; banks; monitoring; bank regulation; monetary policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Limiting the leader
    fairness concerns in team production with leader-determined monitoring
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC

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    Series: Department of Economics working paper / Appalachian State University ; number 21, 11 (October 2021)
    Subjects: leader; monitoring; team production; fairness; free-riding; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Mandatory integration agreements for unemployed job seekers: a randomized controlled field experiment in Germany
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In the German unemployment insurance system, Integration Agreements (IA) are mandatory contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, jointly signed by the latter and the caseworker. IAs stipulate rights and obligations but are generally... more

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    In the German unemployment insurance system, Integration Agreements (IA) are mandatory contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, jointly signed by the latter and the caseworker. IAs stipulate rights and obligations but are generally perceived as instruments to control search behavior. We designed and implemented a Randomized Controlled Trial involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, where we randomize the timing of the IA as well as the extent to which this timing is announced prior to the meeting. Randomization is at the individual level. We use administrative registers to observe outcomes. A theoretical analysis of anticipation of prior announcements provides suggestions to empirically detect this. The results show that IAs early in the spell have on average a small positive effect on entering employment within a year. When classifying individuals using an employability indicator, we find that this result is driven by individuals with adverse prospects. Among them, being assigned to an early IA increases the probability of re-employment within a year from 45% to 53%.

     

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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/232778
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14026
    Subjects: unemployment; monitoring; job search; active labor market policy; nudge; anticipation; randomized controlled trial
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Mandatory integration agreements for unemployed job seekers: a randomized controlled field experiment in Germany
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  IFAU, Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Uppsala

    Integration Agreement (IA) are contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, nudging the latter to comply with rules on search behavior. We designed and implemented an RCT involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, randomizing at... more

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    Integration Agreement (IA) are contracts between the employment agency and the unemployed, nudging the latter to comply with rules on search behavior. We designed and implemented an RCT involving thousands of newly unemployed workers, randomizing at the individual level both the timing of the IA and whether it is announced in advance. Administrative registers provide outcomes. Novel theoretical and methodological analyses provide tools to detect anticipation and suggest estimation by individual baseline employability. A small positive effect on entering employment is driven by individuals with adverse prospects. For them, early IA increase re-employment within a year from 45% to 53%.

     

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/246039
    Series: Working paper / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy ; 2021, 4
    Subjects: unemployment; monitoring; job search; active labor market policy; nudge; anticipation; randomized controlled trial
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Metacognitive Writing Strategies
    Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating: The Path to Become Autonomous and Skillful Writers
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  Editorial Académica Española, Saarbrücken

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783330099807; 3330099801
    Other identifier:
    9783330099807
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Other subjects: (Produktform)Electronic book text; Planning; metacognitive writing strategies; academic writing; metacognition; monitoring; Writing; evaluating; (VLB-WN)1564: Englische Sprachwissenschaft, Literaturwissenschaft
    Scope: Online-Ressourcen, 268 Seiten
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    Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten

  25. Methodenhandbuch für den Aufbau eines deutschlandweiten Moorbodenmonitorings für den Klimaschutz (MoMoK)
    Teil 2: Wald
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Braunschweig

    Natürliche „nasse“ Moore sind von besonderer Bedeutung für den Klimaschutz, da sie große Mengen an organischem Kohlenstoff speichern. Entwässerte Moore wiederum emittieren diesen Kohlenstoff in Form von Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) in die Atmosphäre.... more

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    Natürliche „nasse“ Moore sind von besonderer Bedeutung für den Klimaschutz, da sie große Mengen an organischem Kohlenstoff speichern. Entwässerte Moore wiederum emittieren diesen Kohlenstoff in Form von Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) in die Atmosphäre. Trotz eines geringen Flächenanteils von deutschlandweit ca. 5 % (= 1,8 Mio. ha) tragen entwässerte Moore inkl. weiterer organischer Böden (z. B. Moorgleye, Anmoore, Abmoore) zu ca. 6,7 % der deutschen Treibhausgasemissionen bei (Gensior et al., 2023). Somit spielt der Erhalt des bereits gespeicherten Kohlenstoffes bzw. ein möglicher erneuter Zuwachs in Mooren und weiteren organischen Böden eine bedeutende Rolle für den Klimaschutz. Zur Vertiefung des Verständnisses der Treibhausgasdynamiken unterschiedlich genutzter Moore und zur Verbesserung der Treibhausgasberichterstattung an den IPCC wird ein deutschlandweites Moorbodenmonitoring für den Klimaschutz aufgebaut (kurz MoMoK). In der Einrichtungsphase (2021-2025) werden hierfür durch das Projekt MoMoK-Wald auf 50 bewaldeten Mooren Monitoringstandorte eingerichtet. Durch eine komplette Erfassung des Kohlenstoffs der Kompartimente Boden und Bestand, wird zunächst der Gesamtkohlenstoffvorrat bestimmt. Zusätzlich zu den Messungen werden Messinstrumente auf den Flächen installiert, mit denen in der anschließenden Verstetigungsphase des Moormonitorings die Änderungen der Kohlenstoffvorräte der beiden Kompartimente gemessen werden. Im Bestand wird der Kohlenstoffzuwachs in der Zukunft durch Änderungen von Höhe und Umfang der einzelnen Bäume bestimmt. Im Bereich Boden werden hierfür die Änderung der Geländeoberflächenhöhe sowie die Wasserstände erfasst, um Kohlenstoffsequestrierung durch Torfakkumulation oder Kohlenstoffverlust durch Torfmineralisierung zu bestimmen. Um zusätzlich die Biodiversität der Flächen mit abzubilden sowie eine ökologische Grundcharakterisierung zu gewährleisten werden an jedem Standort Vegetationsaufnahmen sowie eine Erfassung funktioneller Merkmale ausgewählter Pflanzenarten durchgeführt. Die für die Erfassung der Kohlenstoffgehalte vorgestellten Methoden stammen für das Kompartiment Bestand und Vegetation größtenteils aus der Bodenzustandserhebung III (BZE III). Die Methoden des Kompartiments Boden stützen sich auf die Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung (KA 5/ KA 6) und sind darüber hinaus so weit wie möglich identisch zu den Methoden des Projekts MoMoK-Offenland, um eine Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu gewährleisten. Ziel dieses Methodenhandbuches ist es, die Methoden und Arbeitsschritte transparent zu dokumentieren. Da die MoMoK-Wald Flächeneinrichtungen eine Fusion von moorbodenkundlicher und forstlicher Feldaufnahme darstellen, sollen die in diesem Methodenhandbuch zusammengefassten Beschreibungen darüber hinaus den jeweils fachfremden Lesenden sowohl als Einstieg ins Thema dienen, als auch das Gesamtvorgehen nachvollzierbar erklären. Natural "wet" peatlands are of particular importance for climate protection, as they store large amounts of organic carbon. Drained peatlands in turn emit this carbon into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite a small area share of about 5% (= 1.8 million ha) across Germany, drained peatlands, including other types of organic soils (e.g., Histic Gleysols), contribute to about 6.7% of German greenhouse gas emissions (Gensior et al., 2023). Thus, the conservation of carbon already stored or a possible renewed increase in peatlands and other organic soils play an important role for climate protection. To deepen the understanding of greenhouse gas dynamics from peatlands, which are currently used in a variety of ways, and to improve greenhouse gas reporting to the IPCC, a German-wide Peatland Monitoring Programme for Climate Protection (MoMoK) is being established. In the establishment phase (2021-2025), monitoring sites will be set up for this purpose on 50 forested peatlands through MoMoK-Forest. Through a complete carbon inventory of the soil and the tree stand compartments, the total carbon stock will first be determined. In addition to this carbon assessment, measuring instruments will be installed on the sites to measure changes in the carbon stocks of the two compartments during the subsequent monitoring phase. In the stand, the future carbon increment will be determined by changes in the height and girth of individual trees. In the soil compartment, changes in ground surface elevation and water levels will be recorded to derive carbon sequestration through peat accumulation or carbon loss through peat mineralization. In order to additionally represent the biodiversity of the areas and to ensure a basic ecological characterization, vegetation surveys are carried out at each site, as well as a recording of functional characteristics of selected plant species. The methods for the carbon inventory presented in this manual are largely derived from the National Forest Soil Inventory III (BZE III) for the stand and vegetation compartment. The methods of the soil compartment are mainly based on the German Soil Mapping Guide (KA 5/ KA 6) and are furthermore, as far as possible, identical to the methods of the project MoMoK-Open land to guarantee a comparability of the results as good as possible. The aim of this method manual in its first version is to document the methods and work steps transparently. As the setup of MoMoK-Forest monitoring sites represents a fusion of peatland soil and forestry field surveys, the descriptions summarized in this method manual are also intended to serve as an introduction to the topic for non-specialist readers and to explain the overall procedure in a comprehensible manner.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283572
    Series: Thünen working paper ; 226
    Subjects: Moore; Organische Böden; Bestand; Kohlenstoffvorräte; Hydrologie; Funktionelle Merkmale; monitoring; peatlands; organic soils; carbon stocks; hydrology; functional traits
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (108 Seiten), Illustrationen