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Displaying results 1 to 11 of 11.

  1. Economies of density, team synergies and unobserved heterogeneity
    a study of home care services
    Author: Bensaïd, Bernard; Croiset, Solen; Gary-Bobo, Robert
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In the home-care services industry, caregivers drive to visit patients scattered in a district and deliver various care services at the patient's home. We use a unique data set, with a standard panel structure, recording the hours of service and the... more

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    In the home-care services industry, caregivers drive to visit patients scattered in a district and deliver various care services at the patient's home. We use a unique data set, with a standard panel structure, recording the hours of service and the exact number of miles traveled by each employee. The estimated average transportation cost curves, giving the ratio of miles traveled per hour of service, as a function of hours of service at the patient's home, typically exhibit economies of density. These results suggest that the home-care sector is characterized by excess entry and that a form of franchise-bidding regulation could be appropriate. We study the unobserved heterogeneity of employees and use a quadratic-inlogs, finite-mixture model with latent groups to uncover a finite number of employee types with different cost curves. Some types, but not all, have U-shaped average cost curves yielding an aggregate average transportation cost that is itself U-shaped. Economies of density are mainly due to team synergies operating at the district level. We also show that our model can be interpreted as a test of organizational efficiency based on the Beardwood-Halton-Hammersley (1959) theorem of combinatorial optimization.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263794
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9864 (2022)
    Subjects: home care services; elderly; economies of scale; economies of density; transportation costs; Beardwood-Halton-Hammersley theorem; applied econometrics; panel data; unobserved heterogeneity; finite mixture models; entropy criteria
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Do the retired elderly in europe decumulate their wealth?
    the importance of bequest motives, precautionary saving, public pensions, and homeownership
    Author: Horioka, Charles; Ventura, Luigi
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  [Asian Growth Research Institute], [Fukuoka, Japan]

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    Series: Working paper series / Asian Growth Research Institute ; vol. 2022, 08
    Subjects: Aged; bequests; bequest intentions; bequest motives; dissaving; elderly; Europe; household saving; inheritances; intergenerational transfers; life cycle model or hypothesis; precautionary saving; retired elderly; Retirement Saving Puzzle; saving; SHARE; wealth accumulation; wealth decumulation; Wealth Decumulation Puzzle
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
  3. Calling older workers back to work
    Author: Grigoli, Francesco; Koczan, Zsoka; Topalova, Petia
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Population aging in advanced economies could have significant macroeconomic implications, unless more individuals choose to participate in labor markets. In this context, the steep increase in the share of older workers who remain economically active... more

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    Population aging in advanced economies could have significant macroeconomic implications, unless more individuals choose to participate in labor markets. In this context, the steep increase in the share of older workers who remain economically active since the mid1990s is an overlooked yet encouraging trend. We identify the drivers of the rise in participation of the elderly relying on cross-country and individual-level data from advanced economies over the past three decades. Our findings suggest that the bulk of the increase in their participation is driven by gains in educational attainment and changes in labor market policies, such as the tax benefit system, and pension reforms. Urbanization and the increasing role of services also contributed, while automation weighed on their participation.

     
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    hdl: 10419/228708
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 762
    Subjects: Automation; elderly; labor force participation; pension
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Explaining vaccine hesitancy
    a Covid-19 study of the United States
    Author: Goel, Rajeev K.; Saunoris, James W.
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Using recent data on the unvaccinated across U.S. states, this paper focuses on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that more prosperous states and states with more elderly and physicians have lower... more

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    Using recent data on the unvaccinated across U.S. states, this paper focuses on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that more prosperous states and states with more elderly and physicians have lower vaccine hesitancy. There was some evidence of the significance of race, but internet access and history of other contagious diseases failed to make a difference. States with centralized health systems and those with mask mandates generally had a lower percentage of unvaccinated populations. Finally, the presence of Democrats in state legislatures tended to result in lower vaccination hesitancies, ceteris paribus.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260788
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9658 (2022)
    Subjects: Covid-19; vaccination; vaccine hesitancy; pandemic; government; elderly; race religion; politics; United States
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten)
  5. Covid-19 full-dose vaccination across uninsured populations
    evidence across counties in the United States
    Author: Goel, Rajeev K.; Nelson, Michael A.
    Published: December 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper studies the propensities of the U.S. population to seek a full dose of vaccinations against the COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond the consideration of vaccine dissemination at the disaggregated or the local level, the main focus of this study is... more

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    This paper studies the propensities of the U.S. population to seek a full dose of vaccinations against the COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond the consideration of vaccine dissemination at the disaggregated or the local level, the main focus of this study is on determining whether a lack of health insurance significantly impacted vaccination propensities. If it is indeed the case that a lack of health insurance mattered, this would be informative for policymakers since they tried to address this aspect in the vaccine rollout by subsidizing and offering vaccines at a zero price. Our results show that the uninsured were less likely to be fully vaccinated against the pandemic and this finding holds across different modeling formulations. However, there were differences in the responses of the different population subgroups. The findings with respect to the vaccination propensities of the unvaccinated are noteworthy, especially significant given the fact the COVID-19 vaccines were made available free of cost to the public in the United States, irrespective of their insurance status. A policy lesson from these results is that perhaps a better outreach to communities of the uninsured to inform them about the costs and availability of the coronavirus vaccines would have been better. Interestingly, new covid cases did not significantly impact decisions to fully vaccinate, while greater prosperity made full vaccination more likely. We did not find robust evidence of the elderly having a greater propensity to be fully vaccinated. Finally, accounting for the political dimension, counties housing the seats of the state government had greater full vaccination rates, ceteris paribus.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/271841
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10197 (2022)
    Subjects: Covid-19; vaccination; pandemic; insurance; elderly; county; United States
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. A tale of the tails
    the value of a statistical life at the tails of the age distribution
    Author: Kniesner, Thomas J.; Viscusi, W. Kip
    Published: March 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The considerable literature on the value of a statistical life (VSL) documents the wage-mortality risk tradeoffs for the working population. Regulatory analyses often must monetize risks to populations at the tails of the age distribution. Because of... more

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    The considerable literature on the value of a statistical life (VSL) documents the wage-mortality risk tradeoffs for the working population. Regulatory analyses often must monetize risks to populations at the tails of the age distribution. Because of the longer life expectancy for children, there have been proposals to add a premium to their VSL, which would generate an inconsistency with revealed preference estimates of the VSL trajectory over the life cycle. The shorter life expectancy among older people has led to various arbitrary senior discounts for seniors' life expectancy. Application of the value of a statistical life year (VSLY) can address valuation of small changes in life expectancy. Examples of inappropriate age adjustments that we discuss include practices by the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/295890
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 16867
    Subjects: circular A-4; Value of a Statistical Life; age; children; elderly; Value of a Statistical Life Year; VSL; VSLY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. The future of long-term care
    development trends up to 2035 : report
    Contributor: Uusküla, Lenno (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Foresight Centre, Tallinn, Estonia

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  8. Temporal instability of risk preference among the poor
    evidence from payday cycles
    Author: Akesaka, Mika; Eibich, Peter; Hanaoka, Chie; Shigeoka, Hitoshi
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  [Simon Fraser University, Department of Economics], [Burnaby]

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    Series: [Discussion papers] / [Simon Fraser University, Department of Economics] ; [dp 21, 05]
    Subjects: poverty; risk preference; Social Security; mental health; relative deprivation; elderly; Health and Retirement Survey; Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Attention please!
    health plan choice and (in-)attention
    Author: Bischof, Tamara; Gerfin, Michael; Müller, Tobias
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Universität Bern, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Bern, Switzerland

    Most studies examining the impact of migrants on crime rates in hosting populations are in the context of economic migrants in developed countries. However, we know much less about the crime impact of refugees in low- and middle-income... more

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    Most studies examining the impact of migrants on crime rates in hosting populations are in the context of economic migrants in developed countries. However, we know much less about the crime impact of refugees in low- and middle-income countries-whose numbers are increasing worldwide. This study examines this issue in the context of the largest refugee group in any country-Syrian refugees in Turkey. Although these refugees are much poorer than the local population, have limited access to formal employment, and face partial mobility restrictions, we find that total crime per person (including natives and refugees) falls due to the arrival of the refugees. This finding also applies to several types of crime; the only exception is smuggling, which increases due to the population influx. We also show that the fall in crime does not result from tighter security; we find no evidence of a change in the number of armed forces (military and civil personnel) in the migrant-hosting regions. We study the role of inattention as a key source of inertia in health plan choices. Our structural model shows that more than 90% of the elderly in Switzerland are inattentive and thus stick to their previous plan. We estimate sizeable switching costs even conditional on attention explaining part of the observed choice persistence. Inattention leads to overspending and generates considerable welfare losses for most consumers. A policy simulation shows that eliminating financially dominated plans from the choice set yields welfare gains for two thirds of individuals.

     
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    hdl: 10419/242862
    Series: Discussion papers / Universität Bern, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Economics ; 21, 11 (August, 2021)
    Subjects: health plan choice; inertia; attention; switching costs; managed competition; elderly
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Rural pensions, intra-household bargaining, and elderly medical expenditure in the People's Republic of China
    Author: Chen, Zeyuan; Park, Albert
    Published: 2023
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    The rural elderly in the People's Republic of China spend less on medical expenditures as they age despite declining health, which raises welfare concerns. This paper investigates the role of intra-household bargaining power on health expenditures of... more

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    The rural elderly in the People's Republic of China spend less on medical expenditures as they age despite declining health, which raises welfare concerns. This paper investigates the role of intra-household bargaining power on health expenditures of the elderly by evaluating the impact of cash transfers from a new social pension program. The program provided windfall payments to those above age 60, making it possible to employ a regression discontinuity design based on age of eligibility to estimate causal effects. Using data from the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we find that receiving pension payments increases both the utilization of outpatient care and outpatient expenditures by the elderly who experienced illness. This result is robust to controlling for total household expenditures per capita, ruling out income effects as the main channel. Consistent with pensions increasing elderly bargaining power, we find that pensions significantly increase medical expenditures only for those elderly who co-reside with children or grandchildren but have no effect on those who live independently.

     
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    hdl: 10419/298139
    Series: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 693 (September 2023)
    Subjects: medical expenditures; pension; elderly; intra-household bargaining; regression discontinuity design; People's Republic of China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Gender differences in access to health care among the elderly
    evidence from Southeast Asia
    Author: Rodgers, Yana; Zveglich, Joseph E.
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    Populations become increasingly feminized with age. Since older women are more vulnerable to poverty, they may find it more difficult than men to access health care. This study examines factors that may constrain older persons in Southeast Asia from... more

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    German Institute for Global and Area Studies, Bibliothek
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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    Populations become increasingly feminized with age. Since older women are more vulnerable to poverty, they may find it more difficult than men to access health care. This study examines factors that may constrain older persons in Southeast Asia from meeting their health-care needs when sick. Our analysis of household survey data from Cambodia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam shows that women are more likely to have reported sickness or injury than men, a difference that is meaningful and statistically significant. While women in Cambodia and the Philippines are more likely to seek treatment than men, the gender difference is reversed in Viet Nam where stigma and discrimination associated with some diseases may more strongly deter women. The probability of seeking treatment rises with age more sharply for women than men in all countries. However, for the subsample of elders, the gender difference is not significant.

     
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    hdl: 10419/246710
    Series: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 633 (February 2021)
    Subjects: Alter; Altenhilfe; Geschlecht; Gesundheitswesen; elderly; gender; health; health care; women
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen