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  1. Preliminary evidence of surviving competition
    neighborhood shops vs. convenience chains
    Author: Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel
    Published: September 2022
    Publisher:  IDB, Inter-American Development Bank, [Washington, DC]

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    Series: Discussion paper / IDB, Inter-American Development Bank ; no IDB-DP-966
    Subjects: development; microenterprise dynamics; competition; entry
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Is there a motherhood gap in the willingness to compete for pay?
    evidence from the Netherlands, the UAE and the USA
    Author: Dariel, Aurélie; Nikiforakis, Nikos
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE

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    Series: Division of Social Science working paper series ; working paper # 0079 (September 2022)
    Subjects: motherhood gap; gender gap; competition; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. The effect of losing and winning on cheating and effort in repeated competitions
    Author: Necker, Sarah; Paetzel, Fabian
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Competitive rewards are often assigned on a regular basis, e.g., in annual salary negotiations or employee-of-the-month schemes. The repetition of competitions can imply that opponents are matched based on earlier outcomes. Using a real-effort... more

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    Competitive rewards are often assigned on a regular basis, e.g., in annual salary negotiations or employee-of-the-month schemes. The repetition of competitions can imply that opponents are matched based on earlier outcomes. Using a real-effort experiment, we examine how cheating and effort evolve in two rounds of competitions in which subjects compete with different types of opponents in the second round (random/based on first-round outcome). We find that (i) losing causes competitors to increase cheating in the second round while winning implies a tendency to reduce cheating. A similar effect is found with regard to effort, which losers increase to a larger extent than winners. (ii) Competitor matching does not significantly affect behavior.

     
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    hdl: 10419/260874
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9744 (2022)
    Subjects: cheating; effort; competition; competitor; social recognition; laboratory experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Personalized pricing and competition
    Author: Rhodes, Andrew; Zhou, Jidong
    Published: May 2022
    Publisher:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Series: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1333
    Subjects: personalized pricing; competition; price discrimination; consumer data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Competing for sustainability?
    an institutionalist analysis of the new development model of the European Union
    Author: Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Claudius; Hager, Theresa; Hornykewycz, Anna
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz

    This paper explores whether the EU's new economic development model of "competitive sustainability" could serve as a role model for ecologically sustainable development models for advanced economies in general. To this end, we first discuss... more

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    This paper explores whether the EU's new economic development model of "competitive sustainability" could serve as a role model for ecologically sustainable development models for advanced economies in general. To this end, we first discuss theoretically the interplay between "competitiveness" and "sustainability" and identify several challenges for combining them. In delineating different interpretations of competitive sustainability, we emphasize that operationalizing the concept requires deliberate design of the institutions governing competition so that it can contribute to sustainability. We substantiate our claim by using in-put-output data to analyze whether the identified challenges are indeed relevant. We conclude that they are, and finally propose possible solutions.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/267710
    Series: ICAE working paper series ; no. 143 (December 2022)
    Subjects: competition; sustainability; development; Europe dependency; planetary boundaries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. How do retailers compete on price promotions?
    evidence from a temporary promotion ban in Belgium
    Author: Hindriks, Jean; Madio, Leonardo; Serse, Valerio
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  CORE, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 2078.1/258087
    Series: LIDAM discussion paper CORE ; 2022, 05
    Subjects: price promotions; promotion ban; retailers; competition
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Lying in competitive environments
    a clean identification of behavioral impacts
    Author: Dato, Simon; Feess, Eberhard; Nieken, Petra
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    In the last decade, forced ranking systems where employees' bonuses depend on their rank assigned by superiors have become less popular. Whereas the inherently competitive structure of ranking systems provides high effort incentives, it might also... more

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    In the last decade, forced ranking systems where employees' bonuses depend on their rank assigned by superiors have become less popular. Whereas the inherently competitive structure of ranking systems provides high effort incentives, it might also increase incentives for misconduct. Previous literature supports this view by demonstrating that, as compared to individual incentive schemes, highly competitive environments are associated with higher degrees of lying and cheating. However, it is not clear if this is driven by stronger financial incentives arising from the high marginal benefit from winning a competition, and/or the behavioral impacts of competition. Psychologically, a competitive environment alters incentives for misconduct via (i) the negative payoff externality that winning imposes on competitors, and (ii) a desire to win, i.e., succeeding in a competition is valuable per se. We design an experiment that allows us to disentangle financial and psychological incentives for misconduct and decompose the behavioral impacts. Our results provide clean evidence of a significant lying-enhancing desire-to-win-effect and an insignificant lying-reducing negative externality effect.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263791
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9861 (2022)
    Subjects: private information; lying; contest; competition; cheating
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Finance, informal competition, and expectations
    a firm-level analysis
    Author: Brancati, Emanuele; Di Maio, Michele; Rahman, Aminur
    Published: July 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper documents the link between finance and informal competition. Using longitudinal firm-level data, we show that formal firms that are more exposed to the competition of informal firms are less likely to apply for a bank loan. This result is... more

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    This paper documents the link between finance and informal competition. Using longitudinal firm-level data, we show that formal firms that are more exposed to the competition of informal firms are less likely to apply for a bank loan. This result is not due to sample selection, omitted variable bias, or reverse causality, and it is robust to different econometric specifications, including the use of an IV strategy. As for the mechanism explaining our result, we show that firms more exposed to informal competition have worse expectations on future sales growth, which in turn are associated with a lower probability of loan application. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence excluding supply-side mechanisms that may explain heterogeneities in firms' access to finance.

     
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    hdl: 10419/263656
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15440
    Subjects: finance; informality; competition; expectations; MENA countries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
  9. Competition and risk-taking
    Author: Gürtler, Oliver; Struth, Lennart; Thon, Max
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    In many situations, agents take risks by choosing an action that increases their performance immediately, but that potentially leads to a large loss. The current paper studies how such risk-taking behavior depends on the level of competition that the... more

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    In many situations, agents take risks by choosing an action that increases their performance immediately, but that potentially leads to a large loss. The current paper studies how such risk-taking behavior depends on the level of competition that the agents face. We study a tournament model and we find that more intense competition, measured by the number of competitors as well as their relative standing, induces agents to take higher risks. We use a rich panel data set on professional biathlon competitions as well as survey data from professional biathletes to confirm the model predictions. Finally, we discuss managerial implications.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/262343
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 181
    Subjects: Risk-taking; competition; tournament; incentives; biathlon
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Dokument gelöscht auf Wunsch der Autor:in bzw. der Herausgeber:in
  10. Personalized pricing and competition
    Author: Rhodes, Andrew; Zhou, Jidong
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

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    Series: Cowles Foundation discussion paper ; no. 2329 (May 2022)
    Subjects: personalized pricing; competition; price discrimination; consumer data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. From addition to multiplication
    the labour theory of value and the economic institutions of capitalism : part two: neither micro nor macro: understanding the evolution of aggregate variables in a capitalist system
    Author: Battistini, Alberto
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Università di Siena, [Siena]

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    Series: Quaderni del Dipartimento di economia politica e statistica ; n. 885 (luglio 2022)
    Subjects: crisis; growth; competition; scarcity; business cycle; abstraction
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten)
  12. Kapitalismus(kritik) auf dem Prüfstand
    Author: Pies, Ingo
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsethik an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle

    Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Stärken und Schwächen des Kapitalismus sowie der Kapitalismuskritik aus der wirtschaftsethischen Perspektive des ordonomischen Forschungsprogramms. Das Hauptargument lautet, dass vielen Menschen die Funktionsweise einer... more

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    Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Stärken und Schwächen des Kapitalismus sowie der Kapitalismuskritik aus der wirtschaftsethischen Perspektive des ordonomischen Forschungsprogramms. Das Hauptargument lautet, dass vielen Menschen die Funktionsweise einer wettbewerblich verfassten Marktwirtschaft unklar ist und dass gerade deshalb viele negative Moralurteile über Kapitalismus schlecht informiert sind. Insbesondere wird oft übersehen, dass sich mit einer kapitalistischen Gesellschaftsordnung ganz neue Optionen zur Verwirklichung moralischer Anliegen eröffnen, insbesondere zur Solidarität mit Fremden, die man als Übergang von der Nächsten- zur Fernstenliebe kennzeichnen kann. This article takes the perspective of the ordonomic research program on economic ethics. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of capitalism – and of the critique of capitalism. The main argument is that many people are unclear about the functioning of a competitive market economy and that this is precisely why many negative moral judgments about capitalism are poorly informed. In particular, it is often overlooked that a capitalist social order opens up completely new options for the realization of moral concerns, especially for solidarity with strangers, which can be characterized as a transition from love of neighbour to love of the farthest.

     
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    Content information
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9783966701167
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    hdl: 10419/253623
    Series: Diskussionspapier des Lehrstuhls für Wirtschaftsethik an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg ; 2022, Nr. 04
    Subjects: Ordonomik; Kapitalismus; Kapitalismuskritik; Wettbewerb; Marktwirtschaft; Moral; Ordonomics; capitalism; critique of capitalism; competition; market economy; morality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 18 Seiten, 0,43 MB)
  13. Supply chain risk
    changes in supplier composition and vertical integration
    Author: Ersahin, Nuri; Giannetti, Mariassunta; Huang, Ruidi
    Published: 11 April 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Array ; DP17208
    Subjects: Lieferkette; Lieferantenmanagement; Risikomanagement; Vertikale Integration; Übernahme; Text; Supply chains; textual analysis; vertical integration; competition
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Indexing and the performance-flow relation of actively managed mutual funds
    Author: Lesmeister, Simon; Limbach, Peter; Rau, P. Raghavendra; Sonnenburg, Florian
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Financial Research, Cologne

    We exploit the staggered introduction of index funds in different segments and countries to study how increased competition from indexing affects the performance-flow relation and incentives of actively managed equity mutual funds. An increase in... more

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    We exploit the staggered introduction of index funds in different segments and countries to study how increased competition from indexing affects the performance-flow relation and incentives of actively managed equity mutual funds. An increase in the market shares of available country-level index funds in active fund benchmarks is associated with a significantly lower sensitivity of flows to past performance and with a shift from a convex performance-flow relation towards a more linear relation. The increased competition from index funds is also associated with a higher fund performance-liquidation sensitivity, suggesting real economic consequences for active fund managers and fund management companies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/250749
    Series: CFR working paper ; no. 22, 02
    Subjects: Performance-flow relation; performance-liquidation sensitivity; mutual funds; active management; passive management; competition
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Competition and innovation
    the breakup of IG Farben
    Author: Poege, Felix
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The relationship between competition and innovation is difficult to disentangle, as exogenous variation in market structure is rare. The 1952 breakup of Germany's leading chemical company, IG Farben, represents such a disruption. After the Second... more

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    The relationship between competition and innovation is difficult to disentangle, as exogenous variation in market structure is rare. The 1952 breakup of Germany's leading chemical company, IG Farben, represents such a disruption. After the Second World War, the Allies occupying Germany imposed the breakup because of IG Farben's importance for the German war economy instead of standard antitrust concerns. In technology areas where the breakup reduced concentration, patenting increased strongly, driven by domestic firms unrelated to IG Farben. An analysis of patent texts shows that an increased propensity to patent does not drive the effect. Descriptively, IG Farben's successors increased their patenting activities as well, and their patenting specialized relative to the pre-breakup period. The results are consistent with a breakup-induced innovation increase by the IG Farben successors, which then spilled over to the wider chemical industry.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265738
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15517
    Subjects: innovation; competition; merger; antitrust; IG Farben
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Do in-group biases lead to overconfidence in performance?
    experimental evidence
    Author: Flores, Lia Q.; Fonseca, Miguel A.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Centro de Economia e Finanças da UP, [Porto]

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    Series: Cef.up working paper ; 2022, 02
    Subjects: Overconfidence; belief updating; motivated beliefs; overplacement; social identity; political affiliation; competition
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The impact of structural and strategic competition on hospital quality
    Author: Wuckel, Christiane
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany

    Many health care systems aim to enhance hospital quality by encouraging competition. However, evidence on the relationship between quality and competition is inconclusive. My contribution to this literature is two-fold. Analyzing the relationship... more

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    Many health care systems aim to enhance hospital quality by encouraging competition. However, evidence on the relationship between quality and competition is inconclusive. My contribution to this literature is two-fold. Analyzing the relationship between competition and quality for the German hospital market can give valuable insights about the nature of the relationship in a market with regulated prices that is characterized by a high number of hospitals and a diverse ownership structure. While most studies look at competition as market structure, I distinguish effects of market structure from effects of strategic behavior. I find evidence for a significant, non-linear relationship between market structure and care quality. Additionally, I find evidence for strategic behavior. Viele Gesundheitssysteme versuchen, die Qualität von Krankenhäusern Wettbewerbsanreize zu verbessern. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Qualität und Wettbewerb ist jedoch nicht eindeutig belegt und stark von der konkreten Ausgestaltung des jeweiligen Krankenhausmarktes abhängig. Die Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Wettbewerb und Qualität für den deutschen Krankenhausmarkt kann wertvolle Erkenntnisse über die Art der Beziehung liefern in einem Markt mit regulierten Preisen, der durch eine hohe Anzahl von Krankenhäusern und einer vielfältigen Eigentümerstruktur gekennzeichnet ist. Während die meisten Studien den Wettbewerb als Marktstruktur betrachten, unterscheide ich Effekte der Marktstruktur von Effekten des strategischen Verhaltens. Ich finde Belege für eine signifikante, nicht-lineare Beziehung zwischen Marktstruktur und Versorgungsqualität. Außerdem finde ich Belege für strategisches Verhalten.

     
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    ISBN: 9783969731239
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    hdl: 10419/262730
    Series: Ruhr economic papers ; #959
    Subjects: Hospitals; quality; competition; spatial econometrics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Interlocking directorates and competition in banking
    Author: Barone, Guglielmo; Schivardi, Fabiano; Sette, Enrico
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics, Bologna, Italy

    We study the effects on corporate loan rates of an unexpected change in the Italian legislation which forbade interlocking directorates between banks. Exploiting multiple firm-bank relationships to fully account for all unobserved heterogeneity, we... more

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    We study the effects on corporate loan rates of an unexpected change in the Italian legislation which forbade interlocking directorates between banks. Exploiting multiple firm-bank relationships to fully account for all unobserved heterogeneity, we find that prohibiting interlocks decreased the interest rates of previously interlocked banks by 16 basis points relative to other banks. The effect is stronger for high quality firms and for loans extended by interlocked banks with a large joint market share. Interest rates on loans from previously interlocked banks become more dispersed. Finally, firms borrowing more from previously interlocked banks expand investment, employment and sales.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265172
    Series: Quaderni - working paper DSE / Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Department of Economics ; no 1173
    Subjects: Interlocking directorates; competition; banking
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Competition, profitability and financial leverage
    Author: Banal-Estañol, Albert; Siciliani, Paolo; Yoon, Kyoungsoo
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  Bank of England, London

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    Series: Staff working paper / Bank of England ; no. 962
    Subjects: Financial leverage; competition; profitability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Targeted bidders in government tenders
    Author: Cappelletti, Matilde; Giuffrida, Leonardo M.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    A set-aside restricts participation in procurement contests to targeted firms. Despite being widely used, its effects on actual competition and contract outcomes are ambiguous. We pool a decade of US federal procurement data to shed light on this... more

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    A set-aside restricts participation in procurement contests to targeted firms. Despite being widely used, its effects on actual competition and contract outcomes are ambiguous. We pool a decade of US federal procurement data to shed light on this empirical question using a two-stage approach. To circumvent the lack of exogenous variation in our data, as a first step we draw on random forest techniques to calculate the likelihood of a tender being set aside. We then estimate the effect of restricted tenders on pre- and postaward outcomes using an inverse probability weighting regression adjustment. Set-asides prompt more firms to bid - that is, the increase in targeted bidders more than offsets the loss of untargeted. During the execution phase, set-aside contracts incur higher cost overruns and delays. The more restrictive the setaside, the stronger these effects. In a subset of our data we leverage an expected spike in set-aside spending and we find no evidence of better performance by winners over a ten-year period.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/261382
    Series: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 22, 030 (07/2022)
    Subjects: small businesses; set-aside; competition; procurement; public contracts; random forest; firm dynamics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (63 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. The impact of the SBA funding programs on the distance and pricing of loans to small businesses
    Author: Gupta, Manish; Ongena, Steven
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Swiss Finance Institute, Geneva

    What is the impact of Small Business Administration Preferred Lenders Program (PLP) on the distance between banks and small businesses and the pricing of the loans granted? We test predictions from a stylized transportation cost model on 7(a) loan... more

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    What is the impact of Small Business Administration Preferred Lenders Program (PLP) on the distance between banks and small businesses and the pricing of the loans granted? We test predictions from a stylized transportation cost model on 7(a) loan data from 2008 to 2019. We find that non-PLP banks (the SBA) grant loans to borrowers closer-by and at a loan rate higher than PLP banks. A drop in SBA fees (in 2014) increases the distance to borrowers of both, but more so for PLP banks, and it reduces the loan rate charged by both, but less so for PLP banks

     
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    Edition: This draft: April 13, 2022
    Series: Research paper series / Swiss Finance Institute ; no 22, 31
    Subjects: banking sector; competition; SBA; distance; loan rate
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Conflicts of interest, ethical standards, and competition in legal services
    Author: Bouckaert, Jan; Stennek, Johan
    Published: April 2022
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, [Göteborg]

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    Series: Working paper in economics ; no. 820
    Subjects: law firms; professional services; dual representation; representationalconflicts of interest; ethical standards; Chinese walls; recusals; negative network externalities; competition; self-regulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Nonlinear pricing in oligopoly: how brand preferences shape market outcomes
    Author: Gomes, Renato; Lozachmeur, Jean-Marie; Maestri, Lucas Jóver
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  [Toulouse School of Economics], [Toulouse]

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    Edition: This version: 21/01/2022
    Series: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 1326
    Subjects: competition; price discrimination; asymmetric information; preference correlation; price dispersion
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  24. Tracking when ranking matters
    Author: Landaud, Fanny; Maurin, Eric
    Published: March 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper investigates the effect of grouping students by prior achievement into different classes (or schools) in settings where students are competing for admission to programs offering only a limited number of places. We first develop a model... more

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    This paper investigates the effect of grouping students by prior achievement into different classes (or schools) in settings where students are competing for admission to programs offering only a limited number of places. We first develop a model that identifies the conditions under which the practice of tracking students by prior achievement increases inequalities between students that do not initially have the same academic background, such as may exist between students with different social backgrounds. We then test our model using new data on the competitive entrance exams to elite scientific higher education programs in France. We find that 70% of the inequality in success in these exams between students from different social backgrounds can be explained by the practice of tracking students by prior achievement that prevails during the years of preparation for these exams.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15157
    Subjects: ability tracking; competition; higher education; inequalities
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  25. Organic feed grains and livestock
    factors that influence outcomes in thinly traded markets
    Author: Hadachek, Jeffrey; Saitone, Tina L.; Sexton, Richard; Raszap-Skorbiansky, Sharon; Thornsbury, Suzanne D.; Effland, Anne
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC

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    Series: Economic research report ; number 303 (February 2022)
    Subjects: contracts; coordination; competition; modern agricultural markets; organic; thin markets,dairy; beef
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen